No abstract available.
Nasal Bone*

Deformities of the leg and ankle may result from growth abnormalities of the tibia and fibula. The appearance of the secondary ossification center and growth plate closure of the tibial and fibular epiphyses, and the pattern of closure of the epiphyses, were observed in a different age. Normal radiographs were reviewed in one hundred and fifty patients at age from two days after birth to 20 years, who were injured on the contralateral leg, at Wonju Medical College, Yonsei University from Feb., 1980 to May, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The time of the appearance of secondary ossification center and the closure of growth plates; The proximal tibial epiphysis usually forms secondary ossification center at birth to second postnatal months, the physeal closure occurs from 13 year and 11 months to 18 year 3 months in male, from 13 year 4 months to 15 year 5 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the distal tibial epiphysis appears from 8th postnatal months to one year, and physeal closure occurs from 15 years to 17 year and 4 months in male, from 15 year 2 months to 16 year 8 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the tibial tuberosity appears from 9 year 3month to 12 year 2 months, and closure occurs from 16 year 3 months to 18 year 7 months inmale, from 14 year 10 months to 19 year 1 months in female. The proximal fibular epiphysis forms secondary ossification center from 2 year 5 months to 5 year 4 months, closure occurs from 15year 8 months to 17 year 4 months in male, from 14 year 9 months to 16 year 9 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the distal fibular epiphysis appears from 2 year 5 months to 3rd years, and closure occurs from 13 year 11 months to 17 year 6 months in male, from 13 year 4 months to 16 year 7 months in female. 2. The growth and the pattern of the closure of growth plates of the tibia; The proximal tibial epiphysis is elliptic for the first 3 years of life. The epiphysis is slightly conical centrally as it extends toward the tibial spines, and becomes more prominent from 8 years to adolescence. The closure of the proximal tibial growth plate occurs initially along the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and tibial tuberosity during 12 years and proceeds posterolaterally. Complete closure of the proximal tibial physis occurs about from 13 years to 18 years. The secondary ossification center of the distal tibial epiphysis is oval in shape initially, becomes thicken medially by 3rd year of life, then the tibial plafond is valgoid, and becomes horizontal at age 10 approximately. The distal epiphysis of tibia unites first at about 13 years, starting centrally and proceeding toward anteromedial portion. And the posterolateral portion unites finally by about 15 to 17 years. The tibial tuberosity develops a secondary ossification center by 7 to 9 years, usually in the most distal region, and gradually elongates and extends toward the secondary ossification center of the proximal tibia.From about 12 years, the tuberosity epiphyseal center fuses with the proximal tibial center, and the fusion with the tibial metaphysis extends distally, the tuberosity physis closes completely from about 15 to 19 years. 3. The growth and development of the tibia, fibula and ankle; The growth of the proximal tibial and the distal fibular epiphyses play an important role of the growth rate in lower extremities unber ten years. The distal tibial growth plate inclines laterally and distally prior to the first year of life, the inclination is on the decrease and it finally horizontal at about 12 years. The distal tibia talus angle is about 90° prior to the age one year, becomes mildly valgoid by 12 years.
Adolescent ; Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Fibula ; Gangwon-do ; Growth and Development ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Parturition ; Spine ; Talus ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Hand*

No abstract available.
Sputum* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Diverticulum* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Traction*

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study was to examine whether epileptic women with antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) treatment during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of adversed pregnancy outcome. METHODS: The study design was a retrospective analysis of 91 epileptic pregnant women attending the Severance Hospital Yonsei Medical Center between January 1980 and June 1998. Of the 91 women, data from 84 were available for analysis. Adverse pregnancy outcome in 66 women who were exposed to AEDs during pregnancy were compared with those of 18 controls who were not. The main adverse pregnancy outcome included spontaneous abortions, perinatal deaths, preterm deliveries, fetal growth restriction and congenital anomalies. RESULTS: Epileptic women with AEDs treatment during pregnancy were not significantly different from their controls in the incidence of spontaneous abortions(1.5% vs, 5.5%), perinatal deaths(1.5% vs. 0%), preterm deliveries(3% vs. 5.5%), fetal growth restriction(3% vs. 0%), and congenital anomalies(3% vs 5.5%). An adverse outcome occurred in 8 of 66 women(l2%) in the study group and 3 of 18 control group(16.5%). This difference was not statisitically significant. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that epileptic women who were exposed to AEDs during pregnancy do not have an increased risk of adversed pregnancy outcome than the women who were not.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Anticonvulsants* ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Retrospective Studies

Splenic anomalies are commonly associated with anomalies of cardiovascular system and of other organ systems. "Polysplenia" refers to the state in which the bulk of splenic tissue is divided into two and others more equal-sized splenic masses. We experienced a case of Polysplenia associated with complicated cardiovascular anomalies(Situs ambiguus, D-loop, normally related great arteries, interrupted inferior vena cave, bilateral superior vena cava, single atrium, common A-V canal, infundibular stenosis). We have presented this rare case and reviewed brief literatures.
Arteries ; Cardiovascular System ; Vena Cava, Superior

PURPOSE: The purpose is to aid in the diagnosis and obstetric management by analysing the ultrasonographic findings of prenatally diagnosed Edward syndrome. METHOD: The study population consisted of 15 cases prenatally diagnosed Edward syndrome from January 1993 to January 1999. The medical charts and ultrasonographic findings were reviewed retrospectively, and especially the ultrasonographic findings before prenatal genetic diagnosis were anlyzed. RESULTS: All of the 15 cases reviewed showed at least one ultrasonographic finding suggesting Edward syndrome. In the first trimester, 2 cases revealed cystic hygroma and increased nuchal translucency, and after the second trimester, major structural anomalies including congenital heart anomalies and minor ultrasonographic findings such as choroid plexus cyst were noted. All of cases after 21 weeks of gestation showed congenital heart anomaly, and as the pregnancy progressed there was an increased tendency of intrauterine growth restriction and polyhydramnios. CONCLUSION: Prenatal ultrasonography in the screening process of Edward syndrome can be placed as a very informative method, as all of the Edward syndrome cases revealed at least one abnormal ultrasonographic findings. As congenital heart anomalies were found in all of the cases after 21 weeks of gestation, fetal echocardiography should be considered in evaluating suspected cases of Edward syndrome.
Choroid Plexus ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Mass Screening ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Polyhydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

A total of 120 infants, children, and teenagers, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital from April 1989 to August 1989, were examined by cross-sectional echocardiography. Right and left atrial and ventricular dimensions and areas were measured in the parasternal, apical, and subcostal views. Dimensions of the inferior caval vein, the pulmonary and the aorta were obtained in the parasternal, suprasternal, and subcostal views. The results were as follows : 1) Statistical analysis showed no difference between boys and girls. 2) For all parameters, a positive linear correlation was found with age, height, weight, and body surface area. The best correlation was with body surface area. 3) The correlation was further improved if the logarithmic values of the measurements and body surface area were considered. 4) Measurements by cross-sectional echocardiography are clinically useful, especially in the study of the right-sided cardiac structures that are difficult to evaluate with M-mode echocardiography, but the problems of reproducibility have to be taken into account.
Adolescent ; Aorta ; Body Surface Area ; Child* ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pediatrics ; Reference Values ; Veins