No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Prostheses and Implants*

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage itself has been shown to produce abnormalities in immunity, particularly depression of the lymphocyte function. In order to better examine the amount of hemorrhage required to suppress the lymphocyte function, we determined the effect of graded fixed-volume hemorrhage on splenocyte proliferation and the lymphocyte subpopulation. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats(weight, 350~400g) were anesthetized, subjected to hemorrhages of 7.5ml/kg, 15ml/kg, and 22.5ml/kg by percutaneous cardiac puncture with 26G needles. After 1, 2, 4, and 7 days, animals were killed to obtain the blood and spleen. The splenocyte proliferative capacity was measured by using the tritiated thymidine incorporation technique, and the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation was determined using flow cytometry with the following monoclonal antibodies: T cell(CD3+), T helper cell(CD4+), T cytotoxic cell(CD8+), and B cell(CD45RA+). RESULTS: Hemorrhage of 7.5ml/kg did not induce depression of splenocyte proliferation. However, for hemorrhage greater than 15ml/kg, the splenocyte proliferative capacity was significantly depressed at 2 days after hemorrhage and recovered at 4 days. Hemorrhage induced no changes in the relative percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and in the number of each cell in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that cellular immunity is depressed at 48 hrs after a hemorrhage greater than 15ml/kg without any change in the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Depression ; Flow Cytometry ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Needles ; Punctures ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; Thymidine

No abstract available.
Aneurysm*

A statistical study was done on arrhythmia of the aged who were older than 60 during the period 1963~1972 at Seoul national University Hospital. This study included 6,511 patients among 40,000 total patients. The results were as follows. 1) Arrhythmias were observed among 3,058 patients(46.97%). Sinus irregularitis were the most frequent arrhythmia. 2) Except sinus irregularities premature beat (38.3%), atrial fibrillation (16.1%), bundle branch block (10.5%), atriovenricular block (10.5%), atrioventricular escape beat (5.1%), atrioventricular junctional rhythm (4.9%), wandering pacemaker(4.0%) and paroxysmal tachycardia(2.5%) were frequent arrhythmias. 3) Cardiovascular disease was major underlying disease. In cardiovascular disease group, the incidence of arrhythmia was 51.15% which was three times as high as non-cardiovascular and normal group. 4) Most arrhythmias were more frequently observed among the aged except bundle branch block and ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia. 5) The incidence of arrhythmia was similar among the aged except pre-excitation syndrome which was predisposed to woman. 6) Arrhythmia was most frequently observed in coronary heart disease. 7) Among sinus irregularities, simus bradycardia was more frequent in the aged. 8) There were no significant differences in frequency of arrhythmia between non-cardiovascular disease group patients and normal group.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Bradycardia ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pre-Excitation Syndromes ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic* ; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal ; United Nations

Spontaneous ventriculostomy occurs with the spontaneous rupture of a ventricle resulting in a communication between ventricular system and subarachnoid space. It is usually the result of obstructive hydrocephalus but has been documented only rarely. Van Stackum verified the first case of spontaneous ventriculostomy at autopsy in 1910. Radiological demonstration of spontaneous ventriculostomy was reported by Leslie for the first time in 1964 and only 6 cases has been reported until now. We recently have experienced a case of spontaneous ventriculostomy beautifully demonstrated by conray ventriculography in a patient of posterior fossa tumor. We report our case with the brief review of the articles.
Autopsy ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infratentorial Neoplasms ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Subarachnoid Space ; Ventriculostomy*

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to verify the hypothesis that the suppression of lipid peroxidation with the antioxidant, U-74389G, could improve the survivability of paraquat intoxicated rats. METHODS: First, we obtained the 24-h mortality by using several paraquat dosages and calculated the 24-h LD50 in 24 male Wistar rats(250~350g). To examine the effect of U-74389G, we divided the rats in 4 groups: a control group and U-74389G only group, a paraquat only group, and a paraquat plus U-74389G group(n=10 each). Paraquat, 35mg/kg, was injected intraperitoneally at 0 h. U-74389G, 10mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally at 0, 12 h or at 1, 12 h in the respective groups. The rats were observed for 24 hours. At 24 h, plasma and lung, liver, and kidney tissues were obtained after sacrificing the surviving rats to determine the degree of lipid peroxidation by using a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) quantitative analysis. RESULTS: The 24-h LD50 of paraquat was calculated as 40mg/kg in our rats. The 24-h mortality was as follows: control group and U-74389G group 0%, paraquat group 30%, and paraquat plus U-74389G group 10%. The TBARS analysis showed no differences between the U-74389G and the control groups. The paraquat group showed significantly increased TBARS levels in the serum and in the kidney and lung tissue compared to the control group(p<0.05). With U-74389G, the increased TBARS levels were significantly decreased in the plasma, kidney, and lung tissues compared to the paraquat group(p<0.05). However, in the liver tissue, there were no significant differences among the groups. CONCLUSION: A 21-aminosteroid antioxidant, U-74389G, improved the survivablity of paraquat-intoxicated rats through the suppression of lipid peroxidation. Our result suggests the possibility of clinical application of this drug as an antidote for paraquat poisoning.
Animals ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Mortality ; Paraquat ; Plasma ; Poisoning ; Rats* ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

No abstract available.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*

Cerebral angiography is an invasive technique and can induce various complications, such as neurologic complications. We describe two cases of retroperitoneal hematoma and renal injury, a rare complication of cerebral angiography. A 65-year-old male and 56-year-old male underwant cerebral angiography for stem cell implantation at a general hospital. The diagnoses of retroperitoneal hematoma and renal injury were delayed. On abdominal-pelvic CT, renal injury was demonstrated with a pseudoaneurysm and a retroperitoneal hematoma in the perirenal space. Interventional angiography was performed. Renal angiography showed that the contrast was extravasated with a pseudoaneurysm in the lower pole of right kidney. The feeding artery of the pseudoaneurysm was successfully embolized. Emergency physicians must consider a retroperitoneal hematoma and renal cortical injury after angiography, especially when patients present with hypotension and abdominal distention.
Aged ; Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Cerebral Angiography* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hematoma* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Kidney ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: The nature of depressed left ventricular ejection performance in chronic pressure-overload hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis is controversial. Patients with aortic stenosis and congestive heart failure who responded well and those who responded poorly to aortic valve replacement may represent two distinct groups, rather than opposite ends of a spectrum. Whereas excess afterload accompanied by inadequate hypertrophy of functioning cardiac muscle was been suggested as the cause of impaired left ventricular shortening, intrinsic depression of contractility of the hypertrophied myocardium was also been considered, at least in part, to be the cause of altered ejection performance. METHOD: We studied 20 patient with non-rheumatic aortic stenosis using echocardiogram and cineangiocardiography. The patients were divided into two groups according to the level of LVEF and New York Heart association [NYHA] functional class. In group 1, 7 patients had an echocardiographically determined LVEF less than 40% and clinical presentation of severe congestive heart failure(NYHA functional class III or IV). In group 2, 13 patients had LVEF more than 40% and NYHA functional class I or II. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were determined from the echocardiogram obtained in short axis view. As a measure of left vertricular afterload, meridional end-systolic wall stress was calculated. This method is based on the determination of end-systolic left ventricular dimension, wall thickness and peak systolic pressure. RESULTS: 1) End-systolic meridional wall stress was significantly elevated in the patient with aortic stenosis & severe congestive heart failure(group 1) compared with the patient with aortic stenosis and mild congestive heart failure(group 2)(320.09+/-72.09 vs 177.52+/-76.43 dyne x 10(3)/cm2, p<0.005). With group 1 and group 2, there was a significant inverse linear relationship between LVEF and end systolic meridional wall stress(r=-0.907, p<0.001). 2) There was significantly more decreased ratio of end-systolic meridional wall stress to end-systolic volume index(ESWS/LVESVI) of group 1 than that of group 2(5.64+/-2.65 vs 15.30+/-7.77 dyne x 10(3)cm2/ml/m2, p<0.05). And there was a significant linear relationship between LVEF and end-systolic meridional wall stress to end-systolic volume index(ESWS/LVESVI)(r=0.86, p<0.001). 3) Twenty of 20(100%) survived after surgery : 19 of these 20 showed clinical improvement. There was significant improvement of ejection performance(LVEF, % FS) in group 1 except from 1 patient(LVEF 35.43+/-6.90 VS 47.29+/-3.45%, % FS 18.76+/-4.87 vs 28.20+/-3.40, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thus, both altered contractility and increased afterload are operative in depressed left vertricular ejection performance in patients wth aortic stenosis ; which one predominates may have major prognostic importance. We found encouraging results for aortic valve replacement in patient with depressed preoperative left ventricular function. The majorty of patients in this series had left ventricular failure because of excessive afterload predominantly.
Aortic Valve Stenosis* ; Aortic Valve* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Myocardium ; Ventricular Function, Left