BACKGROUND: Although adults in 30s and 40s are at risk for hypertension management due to low rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, there has been a lack of study on hypertension management for this population. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine blood pressure screening and other associated factors with hypertension management in terms of awareness, control, and treatment. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was performed on the data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007-2009. To examine whether blood pressure screening affects hypertension management in 929 subjects aged 30s and 40s with hypertension. Other factors, such as socio-demographics, health status, and health behaviors, were also included for data analysis. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were carried out using SAS 9.1. RESULTS: Hypertension awareness rates were high in those who had diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-3.90), self-rated their health status as poor (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.82-4.58), and received a blood pressure check up (OR 5.96; 95% CI 2.90-12.25). Hypertension treatment rates were high in women (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.47-4.27), and high in those who had diabetes mellitus (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.49-4.47), self-rated their health status as poor (OR 2.53; 95% CI 1.54-4.14), self-reported as past smoker (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.22-3.29), and received a blood pressure check up (OR 12.64; 95% CI 4.87-32.77). Hypertension control rates were high in women (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.29-4.72), and high in those who self-reported as past smoker (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.35-4.50), and received a blood pressure check up (OR 9.24; 95% CI 3.15-27.15). CONCLUSIONS: For effective hypertension management in 30s and 40s, we should encourage this population to have a regular blood pressure screening.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Nutrition Surveys ; Phenothiazines ; Statistics as Topic

The beginning of the circumcision was originated from the rite of the ancient Israel historically. The circumcision has performed for the purpose of penile hygiene and for the treatment of phimosis, paraphimosis, balancposthitis and so on. In the way of the circumcision the conventional circumcision was mostly used, but we used Gomco clamp and the incision was made 3mm away from the metal edge of the instrument. And the merits in the use of the instruments were as follows: 1) the short time operation, 2) safety and cosmetically satisfactory performance without need of assistant for the procedure, 3) no bleeding on operation.
Animals ; Circumcision, Male* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hygiene ; Israel ; Male ; Paraphimosis ; Phimosis

To determine the effects of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF studies of 35 cases of SLE (22 cases with CNS involvement and 13 cases without CNS involvement) were analyzed and compared with 20 normal CSF studies. The mean values of several CSF parameters were significantly changed in the group of SLE with CNS involvement (increased protein, white blood cell (WBC) counts and pressure, and decreased glucose contents), but not in the group of SLE without CNS involvement. In 22 case of SLE with CNS involvement, 10 cases (45.5%) were more than 4 WBC's in CSF, 12 cases (54.6%) more than 40 mg/dl of CSF protein and 8 cases (36.4%) less than 40 mg/dl of CSF glucose. CSF pressure was increased more than 200 mm CSF in 41.2%. On the other hand, in 13 cases of SLE without CNS involvement, the CSF studies were almost normal except 4 cases (30.8%) of more than 40 mg/dl in CSF protein.
Central Nervous System ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Glucose ; Hand ; Leukocytes ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

In order to investigate the risk factors of ischemic brain stroke (IBS) in diabetic patients, we analyzed 416 cases selected from 6239 diabetic patients admitted to Severance Hospital from Jan. 1983 to Dec 1987. Two hundred and eight cases had IBS. The other 208 cases without IBS were selected as a control group by a stratified random sampling method. The two groups were compared using various clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) and known risk factors of IBS. In diabetics with IBS, the duration of DM was longer (9.2 +/- 7.1 years), hypertension was more frequently associated (68.2%) and the serum cholesterol level was higher (213.0 +/- 55.2 mg/dl) than in diabetics without IBS (7.6 +/- 7.1 years, 32.1% and 192.1 +/- 44.8 mg/dl, respectively). By means of Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis (SLRA), it was found that the strong risk factors were hypertension and serum cholesterol level. The serum triglyceride level, type of DM and response to diabetes treatment were also thought to be risk factors of IBS by the retrial of SLRA of residuals after exclusion of hypertension and serum cholesterol level. IBS was not significantly related to the duration of DM, fasting blood glucose level, body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin value, and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Ischemia/*etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/*complications ; Diabetic Angiopathies/*complications ; Female ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Age ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

In order to investigate the risk factors of ischemic brain stroke (IBS) in diabetic patients, we analyzed 416 cases selected from 6239 diabetic patients admitted to Severance Hospital from Jan. 1983 to Dec 1987. Two hundred and eight cases had IBS. The other 208 cases without IBS were selected as a control group by a stratified random sampling method. The two groups were compared using various clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) and known risk factors of IBS. In diabetics with IBS, the duration of DM was longer (9.2 +/- 7.1 years), hypertension was more frequently associated (68.2%) and the serum cholesterol level was higher (213.0 +/- 55.2 mg/dl) than in diabetics without IBS (7.6 +/- 7.1 years, 32.1% and 192.1 +/- 44.8 mg/dl, respectively). By means of Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis (SLRA), it was found that the strong risk factors were hypertension and serum cholesterol level. The serum triglyceride level, type of DM and response to diabetes treatment were also thought to be risk factors of IBS by the retrial of SLRA of residuals after exclusion of hypertension and serum cholesterol level. IBS was not significantly related to the duration of DM, fasting blood glucose level, body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin value, and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Ischemia/*etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/*complications ; Diabetic Angiopathies/*complications ; Female ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Age ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Urinary cytology is rather simple diagnostic procedure for the detection of the urinary tract tumors, but has not yet been fully accepted by urologists. Since publication of the work in urinary cytology by Papanicolaou and Marshall in 1945, many studies with urine sediment smears have been reported. To evaluate the results of cytologic examination of the genitourinary tumors, we have compared with the results of biopsies which were performed at the Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital, during the period from April 1972 to September 1979. One hundred fifty patients were subjected to this examination, of which 81 cases were diagnosed as the genitourinary tumors histopathologically, while 69 cases were negative histologically. In 81 cases, 50 cases (61.7%) were negative in urinary, 9 cases (11.1%) doubtful and 22 cases(27.2%) positive.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Korea ; Publications ; Urinary Tract ; Urology

Artificial intelligence (AI) powered by deep learning (DL) has shown remarkable progress in image recognition tasks. Over the past decade, AI has proven its feasibility for applications in medical imaging. Various aspects of clinical practice in neuroimaging can be improved with the help of AI. For example, AI can aid in detecting brain metastases, predicting treatment response of brain tumors, generating a parametric map of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and enhancing radiomics research by extracting salient features from input images. In addition, image quality can be improved via AI-based image reconstruction or motion artifact reduction. In this review, we summarize recent clinical applications of DL in various aspects of neuroimaging.

Health promotion is well known for its role in disease prevention and non-pharmacological treatment, and how it has helped improve disease prognosis. It is also one of the most important functions of a well-qualified primary care physician.Current Concepts: The four main areas of health promotion in primary care are smoking cessation, nutrition, physical activity, and weight control. There is strong evidence to suggest that quitting smoking can prevent a variety of tobacco-related cancers. A well-balanced diet along with the right amount of exercise and resulting weight control are just as important as pharmacologic treatments for comorbidities related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. As can be deduced from the leading causes of deaths in Korea in 2021, the majority of them are caused by diseases on which health promotion can prove to be a useful remedy. The potentially significant impact of health promotion is emphasized here.Discussion and Conclusion: Although it may not produce dramatic results, the essence of primary care is health promotion as it also saves great lives in the long term. Despite the importance of health promotion in overall patient care, there is a lack of public awareness and support on this issue, and primary care physicians are sometimes underappreciated. Reinforcement of nationwide financial support for health promotion is needed for primary care physicians practicing with earnest conviction to prevent and treat diseases.

PURPOSE: Despite the goal of medical education, which is 'training to be a primary care physician,' only written examinations (WEs) generally have been used to assess medical student ability. We assessed clinical competence using the CPX (clinical performance examination), PA (portfolio assessment), VMA (video-monitoring assessment), CGD (case group discussion), and PCP (primary clinical practice) during students' clerkships in family medicine and correlated these clinical assessment tools with WEs. Also, we correlated these tools with each other to determine the feasibility of each as a replacement of the other tools. METHODS: Thirty-nine fourth year students at University of Ulsan College of Medicine took part in their clerkship in family medicine for 2 weeks during the first session of 2005. They took 1 CPX, 2 VMAs, 6 CGDs, and 2 PCPs and were required to submit their portfolios at the end of the clerkship. We evaluated the correlations of these tools and WEs by the overall scores of each class year and in each subject. RESULTS: The CPX, VMA, and PCP showed no significant correlation,while PA showed strong correlation with 4th year students' overall WEs. The CGD showed strong correlation with all overall scores and with almost all subjects. In addition, the PA correlated significantly with CGD. CONCLUSION: New clinical assessment tools, such as CPX, PA, and VMA, have no significant correlation with WE, even though these tools closely correspond with real clinical practice. Therefore, these tools should be considered as complementary instruments to better assess clinical competence.
Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Primary Health Care ; Students, Medical ; Videotape Recording

To examine attitudes and practice patterns of primary care physicians in health promotion and to probe factors associated with active involvement, a nation widecross-sectional postal questionnaire survey of randomly sampled Korean family physicians and internists was performed. The areas of health promotion examined were; smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, exercise, and diet. Overall response rate was 38.0% and an interview survey of sub-samples of non-responders found no differences in socio-demographic characteristics or survey results versus original responders, except for the rate of collecting information on smoking and diet. Smoking cessation was considered important by 92% of responders, while other lifestyle factors were considered important by less than 70%. Approximately 80% of responders believed in effectiveness of lifestyle counseling, except for stress. The frequency of collecting information, providing counseling, and the level of preparedness to undertake counseling were higher for smoking and alcohol than for other factors. Beliefs in effectiveness of health promotion and preparedness to undertake counseling were positively associated with frequency of information collection and providing counseling, even after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Efforts should be made to change the physicians perception of effectiveness and importance of health promotion, and to improve physician's preparedness to actively intervene.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; *Health Promotion ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Physician's Practice Patterns ; *Physicians, Family ; Questionnaires ; Random Allocation ; Smoking ; Stress ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't