Since calcification or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine was first described inJapan in 1960 by Tsukimoto, Terayama used the term of OPLL(Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament) in1964 and mainly reported in Japanese. But recently, the incidence of the OPLL has been reported increasing amongthe non-Japanese. Because of the OPLL may be associated wtih severe neurologic symptoms, which need to havesurgical decompression, exact diagnosis and analysis are necessary. The OPLL can be diagnosed by simple spine,conventional tomography, myelography and CT. Authors analysed radiologic findings of the OPLL in 8 patients, whowere diagnosed by simple spine. Conventional tomography, myelography and CT, and then performed spinal operation,at Hanyang University Hospital from March 1980 to June 1983. The results were as followings; 1. The age range wasbetween 45 and 63 years and most prevalent age was 6th decades(63%). 2. All of the patients were male. 3. All ofthe OPLL occurred in the cervical spine and predominant at the level of C3,4 (48%). 4. The most common length ofthe OPLL was 2 vertebral level. 5. Except one, which was discontinuous at the level of disc space, all of the OPLLwere continuous in length. 6. 7 of 8 OPLL were located in the midline, but one was in right. 7. The OPLL seemed tocorrelate with spondylotic changes. 8. Of all diagnostic procedure, CT provided better and exact visualization ofthe lesion with axial scan and sagittal reconstruction.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Male ; Myelography ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spine

Twin pregnancies represent a high risk obstetric population with perinatal morbidity and mortality much greater than that of singleton pregnancies. A retrospective dinical evaluation was attempted to analyse 211 cases of twin pregnancies in Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University from Jan. l. 1988 to Dec. 31. 1997. The results were as follows. 1) The incidence of twin pregnancy was 1 in 93.9 deliveries. 2) The age of mother ranged from 19 to 42 years and predominant age group was 26-30 which covers 43.1% of all. 3) Nullipara was 61.1% and multipara was 38.9%. 4) The predominant gestational age group at delivery was 36-37 weeks, 33.2%. 5) In presentation, both cephalic combination was 46.4%, cephalic-breech was 26.1%. 6) The birth weight was less than 2500gm in 64.9% of the 1st babies and 70.6% of the 2nd babies, respectively. 7) The rate of cesarean section was 89.0%. The indications of cesarean section were malpresention (48.9%), elective cesarean section(38.8%), and toxemia(9.0%). 8) In 23 cases of vaginal delivery, the average duration of labor was 7.0 hours and 43.5% of 2nd baby was delivered within 5 min after 1st baby delivery, 9) The most frequent maternal complications during pregnancy were anemia(36.0%), preterm labor(34.6%) and preeclamsia(17.5%). 10) The perinatal mortality rate of the first and second twins was 10.4% and 12.3%, respectively. The main causes of perinatal death were prematurity(52.1%) and stillborn(22.9%). 11) Both female was 43.6%, both male was 39.3%, and opposite sex was 17.1% in infant.
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gestational Age ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Retrospective Studies

This paper is presented to report the results of urinary quantitative culture and drug sensitivity tests for isolated micro-organisms in this study. Studies were done on 172 cases from the department of Urology, Eul Ji General Hospital during the period from Jan. 1979 up to Dec. 1980. 1. Quantitative urine culture in 172 cases were performed and of these, 89 cases grew micro-organism wile the remaining 83 cases showed no growth. Among the 89 cases, 67 cases (75. 2%) revealed significant bacteriuria with colony count over 10 5/ml in urine while 22 cases (24. 8%) were below 10 5/ml. Radio of Male: Female is 29 : 38 2. 55 cases (82. 1%) among the 67 cases with significant bacteriuria could the bacteria be identified on a smear and Gram stain. 54 cases (80.6%) of the 67 significant bacteriuria casts revealed pyuria of more than 5/HPF while 13 cases (19.4%) were below 5/HPF 3. 60 cases (89. 6%) of the 67 cases significant bacteriuria has Gram (-) bacilli while 7 cases(10.4 %) were Gram (+) cocci by direct smear. The frequency of isolated organism were as following E. coli ....33 cases (49. 3%). Pseudomonas ....11 cases (16. 4%) Enterobactor ....6 cases(9.0%) Proteus and stapbylo. Aureus .....4 cases (5.8%) respectively. 4. On the whole, all isolated micro-organisms showed considerable susceptibility to panimycin (82. 7%) and then frequency of susceptible drug were and then the frequency of susceptible drug were Cefamezine, Kedacillin, Gentamicin.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteriuria ; Cefazolin ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pyuria ; Urology

No abstract available.
Epithelium* ; Humans* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

OBJECTIVE: Linkage analysis is a very useful method for prenatal diagnosis of Hemophilia B, especially when a mutation was not identified. Seven polymorphic markers were studied in Korean populations to evaluate the efficiency for prenatal and carrier diagnosis. METHODS: Subjects of this study was 100 healthy Korean women (200 X-chromosomes). Polymerase chain reacton-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to detect SalI, MseI, NruI, DdeI, XmnI, TaqI and HhaI polymorphisms. RESULTS: SalI (-) allele showed the frequency of 0.355 and SalI(+) allele 0.645. MseI(-) allele was 0.645 in frequency and MseI(+) allele was 0.355. SalI and MseI polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium. And no increase was expected in overall heterozygosity with these two polymorphisms. NruI(-) allele frequency was 0.855 and NruI(+) was 0.145. There was no polymorphism of DdeI, XmnI and TaqI marker systems in Korean population. In HhaI polymorphism, allele frequencies were estimated that HhaI(-) is 0.82 and HhaI(+) is 0.18. CONCLUSION: Only SalI, NruI and HhaI polymorphisms are useful for the diagnosis of hemophilia B in Korean population. Expected heterozygosity for above 3 poylmorphic markers was estimated to be 0.723, and 71 of 100 female subjects were heterozygous for at least one marker system. Korean population showed relatively low extent of polymorphisms compared to Caucasians, Blacks and Japanese. For the effective prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia B with linkage analysis, other polymorphic markers should be evaluated.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diagnosis ; Factor IX* ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Hemophilia B ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Prenatal Diagnosis

PURPOSE: This study was done to identity the degree of instructional motivation and response after application of CAI in the student nurses' fundamental nursing course. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 77 student nurses and the data was collected from October, 7th to 17th in 1997. The examination sheet for cognitive style and a questionnaire to evaluate the degree of instructional motivation were used to collect data. RESULT: 1) It was found that the degree of instructional motivation of the learner was higher in the CAI class.(134.23/170) 2) After CAI, the learners expressed relatively higher satisfaction in understanding, interest, degree of difficulty, number of problems, icons, and extra information. 3) It was found that 53 learners(68.8%) were field independent-cognitive learners and 24 learners(31.2%) were field dependent-cognitive learners. 4) Among the instructional responses according to the cognitive behavior of the learner after CAI, there were significant differences in reasons for understanding the computer program, interest in the computer program class, and the number of students assigned to each computer. 5) There were no significant difference between cognitive style and instructional motivation. CONCLUSION: The CAI effect for nursing students fundamental nursing course have been positive evaluated. CAI in nursing education is becoming very available and needs to develop effective CAI and use not only fundamental nursing course but also another nursing education programs.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

A Clinical observation was made on 220 cases of chronic prostatitis during the period from January 1980 to March 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. Age distribution was between 20 and 70 years old, showing the highest incidence in 20 to 29 years old (44. 6%) and the next in 30 to 39 years old (36.8%). 2. Subjective symptoms were in order of urethral pain or tingling, morning drops or urethral discharge, urinary frequency and perineal discomfort. 33 cases (14.3%) were free of symptoms. 3. Previous diseases were acute or chronic urethritis on 110 case (50.0%), previous prostatitis on 25 cases (11.4%), urinary stone on 7 cases (3.2%), S.P.H. on 7 cases (3.2%). 15 cases (6.7%) were free of previous diseases. 4. In urine examination, 94 cases (43.2%) showed W.B.C. more than 5/H.P.F 126 cases (56.8%) were within normal limit. 5. In 137 cases in which prostatic gram stain was done, microorganisms were gram (+) cocci on 28 cases (20.5%). gram (-) bacilli on 13 cases (9.4%), gram (+) bacilli on 8 cases (5.9%). No microorganism were on 88 cases (64.2%).
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prostatitis* ; Urethritis ; Urinary Calculi

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mothers*