No abstract available.
Adult* ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Fistula* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration*

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive training programs on the progression of dementia in patients with early stage Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) at the day care center. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 119 patients with early ADD were evaluated. All subjects were classified into two groups according to participate in cognitive training program in addition to usual standard clinical care. Changes in scores for minimental status examination-dementia screening (MMSE-DS) and clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SOB) during the 12 months were compared between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: As compared to case-subjects (n=43), the MMSE-DS and CDR-SOB scores were significantly worse at 12 months in the control-subjects (n=76). A statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed due to changes in MMSE-DS (p=0.012) and CDR-SOB (p<0.001) scores. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the cognitive training program (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.225, 0.070–0.725) was independently associated with less progression of ADD. Conclusion The cognitive training program was associated with benefits in maintaining cognitive function for patients with earlystage ADD that were receiving medical treatment.

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is a histologically identifiable pulmonary disease without a known cause that usually infiltrates the lung interstitium. IIP is largely classified into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease (ILD), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and acute interstitial pneumonia. Each of these diseases has a different prognosis and requires specific treatment, and a multidisciplinary approach that combines chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), histological findings, and clinical findings is necessary for their diagnosis. Diagnosis of IIP is made based on clinical presentation, chest HRCT findings, results of pulmonary function tests, and histological findings. For histological diagnosis, video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy are used. In order to identify ILD associated with connective tissue disease, autoimmune antibody tests may also be necessary. Many biomarkers associated with disease prognosis have been recently discovered, and future research on their clinical significance is necessary. The diagnosis of ILD is difficult because patterns of ILD are both complicated and variable. Therefore, as with other diseases, accurate history taking and meticulous physical examination are crucial.

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is a histologically identifiable pulmonary disease without a known cause that usually infiltrates the lung interstitium. IIP is largely classified into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease (ILD), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and acute interstitial pneumonia. Each of these diseases has a different prognosis and requires specific treatment, and a multidisciplinary approach that combines chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), histological findings, and clinical findings is necessary for their diagnosis. Diagnosis of IIP is made based on clinical presentation, chest HRCT findings, results of pulmonary function tests, and histological findings. For histological diagnosis, video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy are used. In order to identify ILD associated with connective tissue disease, autoimmune antibody tests may also be necessary. Many biomarkers associated with disease prognosis have been recently discovered, and future research on their clinical significance is necessary. The diagnosis of ILD is difficult because patterns of ILD are both complicated and variable. Therefore, as with other diseases, accurate history taking and meticulous physical examination are crucial.
Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Classification ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ; Diagnosis ; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Physical Examination ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Asymptomatic Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis ; Fingers

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Botulinum toxin(Botox) has long been known as one of the most potent paralytic agents of skeletal muscle, and acts by inhibiting the acetylcholine release from nerve terminals. Recently lacally injected Botox has been found to be effective in the reduction of lower esophageal sphincter(LES) tone in patients with achalasia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Botox on patients with achalasia in terms of symptomatic relief and improvement of esophageal function. METHODS: Nine patients with achalasia were given endoscopic injections of 100 units of Botox into the LES. One week later, the response to treatment was assessed on the basis of changes in the symptomatic scores, maximal diameters of esophagus clilation on esophagograms, and results of esophageal manometric and scintigraphic studies. Three months later, the symptomatic scores and esophageal manometric results were assessed. Responders to Botox were defined as patients with a decrease in the total symptom score of 50% or more at 1 month of past-treatment without a subsequent treatment.
Acetylcholine ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in the bowel wall and presents various symptoms depending on the affected site and bowel layer. Pseudomembranous colitis is an antibiotic-associated infection caused by abnormal overgrowth of the toxin-producing Clostridium difficile in the large bowel. A 16-year-old boy was admitted with abdominal pain for 6 days. On admission, we performed an endoscopy and diagnosed gastroduodenitis. Then, we prescribed gastritis medication but he still presented with diffuse abdominal pain and fever above 38.0degrees C after admission. We considered infectious enterocolitis, so we prescribed an antibiotic. The next day, he presented with bloody diarrhea. A diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis was confirmed by a colonoscopic examination with a biopsy. We also obtained a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis through a histological diagnosis. This is the first case of the simultaneous occurrence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis and pseudomembranous colitis in the Korean medical literature. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Clostridium ; Clostridium difficile ; Diarrhea ; Endoscopy ; Enteritis ; Enterocolitis ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Gastritis ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans

PURPOSE: The laparoscopic appendectomy has been a basic part of the principal of a more complex laparoscopic technique for the surgical trainee. As the number of laparoscopic appendectomies performed by surgical trainees has increased, we are trying to check the stability of, which is controversial, and the learning curve associated with a laparoscopic appendectomy. METHODS: We studied the demographics, histologic diagnoses, operative time, the number of complicated cases, and hospital duration of one hundred and three patients who underwent an open appendectomy (group A, 53) or a laparoscopic appendectomy (group B, 50) retrospectively through a review of their medical records. The learning curve for the laparoscopic appendectomy was established through the moving average and ANOVA methods. RESULTS: There were no differences in the operative times (A, 64.15 +/- 29.88 minutes; B, 58.2 +/- 20.72 minutes; P-value, 0.225) and complications (A, 11%; B, 6%; P-value, 0.34) between group A and group B. Group B was divided into group C who underwent the operation in the early period (before the learning curve) and group D who underwent the operation in the later period (after the learning curve). The average operative time for group C was 66.83 +/- 21.55 minutes, but it was 45.25 +/- 10.19 minutes for group D (P-value < 0.0001). Although this difference was statistically significant, no significant difference in the complication rate was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic appendectomy, compared with an open appendectomy, performed by a surgical trainee is safe. In this study, the learning curve for a laparoscopic appendectomy was thirty cases.
Appendectomy ; Demography ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Learning ; Learning Curve ; Medical Records ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies