PURPOSE: To compare the results of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by open and arthroscopic method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 1997, 18 reconstructions of posterior cruciate ligament were performed. Group 1 (open method) was composed of 9 cases and group 2 (arthroscopic method) was consisted of 9 cases. After 21-month follow-up, The two groups were compared by clinical and radiologic methods. RESULTS: Clinically, Lysholm knee score was 80 points in group 1 and 83 points in group 2 after operation. Post operative results by Hughston's criteria were good in 5, fair in 2 and poor in 2 cases (group 1) and good in 6, fair in 2 and poor in 1 cases (group 2). Radiologically, post operative average of posterior drawer stress view was 5.2 mm (group 1) and 5.0 mm (group 2). Almost double the operation time was taken to reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament by arthroscopic method than open method. There were technical errors in 2 cases performed by arthroscopic method. CONCLUSIONS: The results of both methods had no significant difference. We think that the reconstruction of PCL using patellar tendon by open method is a recommendable treatment method together with arthroscopic method, if the merits or demerits of both methods are considered carefully. But more long-term follow-up is necessary to compare the results of PCL reconstruction by open and arthroscopic methods.
Follow-Up Studies ; Knee ; Patellar Ligament ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

No abstract available.
Shoulder*

No abstract available.
Gynecology*

OBJECTIVE: Chronic pelvic pain is pelvic pain which is not completely controlled by classical treatments. In many reports, immune alternation is related to original diseases that induce the chronic pelvic pain. Mistletoe extract has been known that it has immune modulation effect. Therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the pain-reducing effects of mistletoe extract for chronic pelvic pain that is not controlled by classical treatments. METHODS: The fitty-eight patients who visited to outpatient department of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Hospital due to chronic pelvic pain. Mistletoe extract (Helixor-A(R)) 5-10 mg was injected subcutaneously 3 times per week for 5 weeks, and the change of pain and short-term side-effects after injections were observed. In patients after 6 month of follow-up, the change of pain and long-term side-effects were also observed. RESULTS: In 2 of 58 patients (0.03%), treatments were discontinued doe to severe general side effect. In 48 of 56 patients (85.7%), chronic pelvic pains were improved. In 40 of 56 patients (69%), mild side effects as like mild itching were appeared and they were easily controlled by anti-histamines and conservative treatments. In 6 months after injection, general itching sensation and easily catched common cold were complaint in 4 of 10 patients. CONCLUSION: The subcutaneous injection of mistletoe extract may effective treatment method for the chronic pelvic pain that is not controlled by classical treatment. However more studies about log-term effect of mistletoe therapy are needed.
Common Cold ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous* ; Jeollanam-do ; Mistletoe* ; Obstetrics ; Outpatients ; Pelvic Pain* ; Pruritus ; Sensation

OBJECTIVE: Immune alternation is related to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis. Helixor-A, mistletoe extract, has been known that it has immune modulation effect. Therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Helixor-A for pain of endometriosis by intraperitoneal instillation of mistletoe extract during the diagnostic laparoscopy. METHODS: Among the paitients who visited to outpatient clinic due to chronic pelvic pain, 30 patients who had laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were included in this study. Helixor-A 5 mg was instilled into the posterior cul-de-sac during the diagnostic laparoscopy. Before diagnostic laparoscopy and one month after laparoscopy, the patients recorded pain scores. RESULTS: In 11 of 30 patients (36.7%), pelvic pain of endometriosis improved after laparoscopy. In 2 of 30 patients, the side-effect of Helixor- A appeared and they were easily controlled by antihistamines. CONCLUSION: The instillation of Helixor-A during diagnostic laparoscopy, that is essential for confirmation of endometriosis, may be helpful as a supportive treatment for treatment of pelvic pain due to endometriosis with classical treatment such as GnRH agonist therapy.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Laparoscopy* ; Mistletoe* ; Pelvic Pain

The acromioclavicular separation (AC separation) is a common injury, which is often accompanied by the rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament (CC ligament) in severe occasions. In rare forms of AC separation, the fracture of the coracoid process would occur rather than the rupture of the CC ligament. Only 31 cases of such injury have been reported in the English literature. We present 2 additional cases with literature review. The fracture of the coracoid process is not readily seen on anteroposterior shoulder radiograms. Severe AC separation without widening of CC distance on anteroposterior shoulder radiogram heralds the fracture of the coracoid process.
Ligaments ; Rupture ; Shoulder

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study OBJECTIVES: To analyze the serial results of selective nerve root blocks in herniated lumbar disc patients. LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY: To our knowledge there has been no study demonstrating the serial efficacy of root blocks for patients with a herniated lumbar disc only. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selective nerve root blocks were performed in 36 patients who had a lumbar disc herniation only, with radiculopathy, between November 2002 and April 2003. The diagnoses were made by CT or MRI, which agreed with the symptoms and physical examinations. There were 31 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 28.2 years. The mean interval between the onset and procedure was 7.6 weeks, ranging from 1 to 26 weeks. Mono- and double-segment injections were used in 18 cases, respectwely. The straight leg raising angle, visual analogue pain scale, and motor and sensory functions were investigated before, immediately, 2 days, and 1 and 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean straight leg raising angle improved significantly, from 28+/-9 degrees to 53+/-18 degrees, immediately, and was maintained until 3 months after the procedure (P<0.001). The visual analogue pain scale was also improved, from 4.6+/-0.9 to 2.0+/-1.5, immediately, and was maintained until 3 months after the procedure (P<0.001). Two of ten patients with motor weakness, and six of eighteen with sensory deficit were improved. There was no procedure related complication; however, surgical treatment was performed in two patients who showed no improvement until 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Selective nerve root block is a safe and effective treatment method to obtain a rapid and remarkable improvement of radiculopathy in herniated lumbar disc patients.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Radiculopathy ; Sensation

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study OBJECTIVES: To analyze the serial results of selective nerve root blocks in herniated lumbar disc patients. LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY: To our knowledge there has been no study demonstrating the serial efficacy of root blocks for patients with a herniated lumbar disc only. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selective nerve root blocks were performed in 36 patients who had a lumbar disc herniation only, with radiculopathy, between November 2002 and April 2003. The diagnoses were made by CT or MRI, which agreed with the symptoms and physical examinations. There were 31 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 28.2 years. The mean interval between the onset and procedure was 7.6 weeks, ranging from 1 to 26 weeks. Mono- and double-segment injections were used in 18 cases, respectwely. The straight leg raising angle, visual analogue pain scale, and motor and sensory functions were investigated before, immediately, 2 days, and 1 and 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean straight leg raising angle improved significantly, from 28+/-9 degrees to 53+/-18 degrees, immediately, and was maintained until 3 months after the procedure (P<0.001). The visual analogue pain scale was also improved, from 4.6+/-0.9 to 2.0+/-1.5, immediately, and was maintained until 3 months after the procedure (P<0.001). Two of ten patients with motor weakness, and six of eighteen with sensory deficit were improved. There was no procedure related complication; however, surgical treatment was performed in two patients who showed no improvement until 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Selective nerve root block is a safe and effective treatment method to obtain a rapid and remarkable improvement of radiculopathy in herniated lumbar disc patients.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Radiculopathy ; Sensation

Avulsion of the pectoralis major muscle is a rare injury, with only about 20 cases reported in literature. Most cases occur in a younger, more athletic population. The object of this paper is to report our experience of a complete avulsion of the pectoralis major muscle from the insertion site of the proximal humerus and we obtained excellent result with immediate surgical repair and rehabilitation.
Humerus ; Rehabilitation ; Sports ; Tendons*

PURPOSE: This study was evaluated to find out meaning of patellofemoral alignment related to anterior knee pain using computed tomographic image. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study include 32 cases, 21 persons as a patient group which had been treated due to anterior knee pain related to tight lateral retinaculum from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 1999 and 36 cases, 18 persons as a control group which had no history of anterior knee pain and no abnormal finding malalignment by physical examination. Patellofemoral alignment was evaluated by measuring sulcus angle, congruence angle and lateral patellofemoral angle using computed tomographic images in 0 degrees and 20 degrees knee flexion patellofemoral alignment of the patient group was compared with that of the control group statistically. All 32 cases of the patient group had an arthroscopic lateral release and the patellofemoral alignment was rechecked on computed tomographic images. RESULTS: There was statistically difference between the average measurement of patient group and that of the control group on the computed tomographic images in 0degree and 20degree flexion of the knee. Also the average measurement after lateral release in patient group was corrected significantly. CONCLUSION: Laterally aligned patella during 0 degrees and 20 degrees knee flexion in computed tomographic should not be considered as normal variation but as pathologic condition related to anterior knee pain.
Humans ; Knee ; Patella* ; Physical Examination