The distribution of glycogen, polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, lipid and nucleic acid has been studied in Echinorhynchus gadi(Acanthocephala). The results were summarized as follows: Glycogen and polysaccharide was demonstrated by Bauer PAS reaction technique and was found in fertilization membrane in ovum, central nuclear mass in acanthor and lemnisci, hypodermis in cystacanth. Mucopolysaccharide was demonstrated by Mowry alcian blue staining technique and was found in outer membrane, fibrillar coat, fertilization membrane and inner membrane in acanthocephalan ova. Lipid was demonstrated by Smith Nile blue stain and Lison Sudan black B staining technique and was found roughly parallel to that of polysaccharide. Nucleic acid was demonstrated by Rosenbeck Feulgen reaction, Taft methylgreen-pyronin stain and Diengdoh acridine orange staining technique and found in central nuclear mass in acanthor, also, was found in lemnisci, proboscis and hypodermis in cystacanth.
parasitology-Acanthocephala ; histochemistry ; Echinorhynchus gadi ; glycogen ; mucopolysaccharide ; lipid ; nucleic acid

To develop a biomimetic artificial tactile sensing system capable of detecting sustained mechanical touch, we propose a novel biological neuron model (BNM) for slowly adapting type I (SA-I) afferent neurons. The proposed BNM is designed by modifying the Izhikevich model to incorporate long-term spike frequency adaptation. Adjusting the parameters renders the Izhikevich model describing various neuronal firing patterns. We also search for optimal parameter values for the proposed BNM to describe firing patterns of biological SA-I afferent neurons in response to sustained pressure longer than 1-second. We obtain the firing data of SA-I afferent neurons for six different mechanical pressure ranging from 0.1 mN to 300 mN from the ex-vivo experiment on SA-I afferent neurons in rodents. Upon finding the optimal parameters, we generate spike trains using the proposed BNM and compare the resulting spike trains to those of biological SA-I afferent neurons using the spike distance metrics. We verify that the proposed BNM can generate spike trains showing long-term adaptation, which is not achievable by other conventional models. Our new model may offer an essential function to artificial tactile sensing technology to perceive sustained mechanical touch.

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is an atypical form of severe destructive epididymal infection, characterized by massive inflammatory cell and foamy histiocyte microscopically. We report two cases of xanthogranulomatous epididymitis that presented as epididymal inflammation with fluid collection in old aged patients, and resulted in orchiectomy. We suggest that xanthogranulomatous epididymitis should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in epididymitis with abscess formation.
Abscess ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epididymitis* ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Orchiectomy

Benign endobronchial tumors are rare diseases with an incidenced of between 1 and 5% of all lung tumors. An endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp is an extremely rare form of benign bronchial tumor. Clinically, an endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp causes an airway obstruction and obstructive pneumonitis as does other endobronchial tumors. Therefore, it is important to differentiate an endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp pathologically from other benign endobronchial tumors and bronchogenic carcinomas. Here, we report a case of an endobronchial fibroepithelial polyp, in a 25-year-old man who had suffered from chest discomfort upon deep breathing with a brief review of the relevant literature.
Adult ; Airway Obstruction ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Polyps* ; Rare Diseases ; Respiration ; Thorax

Melanosis can affect various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Melanosis of the colon is not uncommon, while melanosis of the ileum is extremely rare. We report a case of melanosis ilei associated with chronic ingestion of oral iron (256 mg of ferrous sulfate once or twice daily for approximately 5 years) in a 32-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease. The findings of a colonoscopy, which was performed as a part of her medical checkup, were normal up to the cecum; however, numerous brownish-black punctuate pigmentations of the ileal mucosa were observed. Microscopic examination revealed hemosiderosis in the lamina propria of the ileal mucosa, particularly at the tips of villi. The diagnosis of melanosis (hemosiderosis) ilei was made based on the endoscopic and histological findings.
Adult ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Eating ; Female ; Ferrous Compounds ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemosiderin ; Hemosiderosis ; Humans ; Ileum ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Melanosis ; Mucous Membrane ; Pigmentation

In this case study, we investigated the effects of robot-assisted gait training on the plasticity of motor system in a stroke patient using functional MRI. A patient who suffered from the left hemiparesis following the right MCA infarction performed gait training with a robot-assisted gait orthosis. Before and after gait training, motor performances were assessed and functional MRIs were acquired with motor activation task of affected lower limb. After gait training with a robot-assisted orthosis, the patient's motor performances were improved and cortical activities were changed. Activation in the ipsilesional primary sensorimotor cortex was increased and cortical reorganization was induced in a way that nearby regions were recruited for the movement of affected lower limb. The results of this study showed that gait training with a robot-assisted orthosis induced cortical reorganization of the motor network that resulted in enhancement of motor performance of the lower limb.

PURPOSE: To describe the current status of airway management for trauma patients in the emergency department (ED) and to evaluate the success rate and associated factors for selecting the Glidescope video laryngoscope. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data from the Koran Emergency Airway Management Registry in two university hospitals between April 2006 and March 2010. The study population included all trauma patients presenting at the ED who required emergency airway management. Demographic and airway related parameters were collected. The success rate was compared between the Glidescope and the direct laryngoscope. Factors associated with selecting the Glidescope were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 1,974 patients who received airway management in the ED during the study period, 341 were identified as trauma patients. The Glidescope was used in 130 (38%) of the patients. Difficult airway was identified in 46.9% of the Glidescope group compared with 22.6% in the direct laryngoscope group (p<0.001). Success rate on the first attempt was not different between the direct laryngoscope and the Glidescope. The Glidescope was selected in favor of cervical immobilization, difficult airway, and senior grade resident. CONCLUSION: Among intubated patients in the ED, trauma patients accounted for 17.6%. The Glidescope video laryngoscope was selected in 38% of cases. It was usually used in cases of difficult airway such as cervical immobilization by senior grade residents.
Airway Management ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes ; Logistic Models ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

Background/Aims: Periampuilary diverticulum has been known to be associated with various bilio-pancreatic diseases such as choledocholithiasis and disturbs performing selective cannuiation of ERCP and EST. This present study aims to investigate anatomical morphology of periampullary diverticulum and to determine whether periampullary diverticulurn influences difficulty and complication performing of ERCP and to analyse the relationship between periampullary diverticulum and choledocholithiasis. Methods: We reviewed records of chart and diverticular pictures in 1389 cases of underwent ERCP and evaluated the incidence, size, direction, location of periampullary diverticulum and its influence against performing of ERCP and investigated its relationship with bilio-pancreatic diseases such as choledocholithiasis.(continue..)
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis ; Diverticulum* ; Incidence

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare and one of several maformations resulting from abnormal development of the branchial apparatus. These lesions are usually located over or near the insertions of the sternocleidomastoid muscles in the lower neck. It is important to recognize that they may be a visible marker for other malformations and/or anomalies. Treatment is complete surgical removal as promptly as possible in order to get an exact histopathological diagnosis. In this article, we report a rare case of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants and some reviews of the literature.
Diagnosis ; Muscles ; Neck

OBJECTIVE: It is difficult for emergency residents to attend all the lectures that are required because of the limited labor time. The Google Hangouts program for has been used as a remote videoconference to overcome the limit to provide equal opportunities and reduce the time and costs since 2015. This article reports the authors' experiences of running a residency education program using Google Hangouts. METHODS: From 2015, topics on the emergency radiology were lectured to emergency residents in three different hospitals connected by Google Hangouts. From 2017, electrocardiography analysis, emergency radiology, ventilator application, and journal review were selected for the remote videoconference. The residents' self-assessment score, and a posteducation satisfaction questionnaire were surveyed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine emergency residents responded to the questionnaire after using the Google Hangouts. The number of participants before and after Hangout increased significantly in other two hospitals. All the residents answered that the score on achieving the learning goal increased before and after the videoconference lectures. All the residents answered that the training program is more satisfactory after using the Google Hangouts than before. CONCLUSION: All emergency residents were satisfied and were more confident after the remote videoconference education using the Google Hangouts than before.
Education ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Internship and Residency ; Learning ; Lectures ; Running ; Self-Assessment ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Videoconferencing