This study was performed in order to identify changes of the plasma membrane proteins in rat submandibular gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA] and X-irradiation. Two kinds of tumor associated membrane proteins (protein A and B) were isolated with 3 M KCl extraction from rat submandibular gland tumors induced by DMBA and X-irradiation. To identify their antigenicities, immunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion was carried out with various proteins extracted from liver, heart, skin and pancreas of adult rats and from embryonic liver, heart and skin. The rabbit antisera against the protein A did not cross-react with any of the proteins extracted from the above mentioned tissues, suggesting that protein A might be tumor specific antigen. However, the rabbit antisera against protein B was precipitated with proteins extracted from the liver of adult and embryonic rats. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these two proteins (A and B) showed that protein A was a dimer with molecular weights of 69,000 and 35,000 dalton, whereas protein B was a monomer with molecular weight of 50,000 dalton.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Liver ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Weight ; Pancreas ; Rats* ; Skin ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Submandibular Gland*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of maxillary second and third molar eruption status on the distalization of first molars with a modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP), and (2) compare the results to the outcomes of the use of a pendulum and that of a headgear using three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: Three eruption stages were established: an erupting second molar at the cervical one-third of the first molar root (Stage 1), a fully erupted second molar (Stage 2), and an erupting third molar at the cervical one-third of the second molar root (Stage 3). Retraction forces were applied via three anchorage appliance models: an MPAP with bracket and archwire, a bone-anchored pendulum appliance, and cervical-pull headgear. RESULTS: An MPAP showed greater root movement of the first molar than crown movement, and this was more noticeable in Stages 2 and 3. With the other devices, the first molar showed distal tipping. Transversely, the first molar had mesial-out rotation with headgear and mesial-in rotation with the other devices. Vertically, the first molar was intruded with an MPAP, and extruded with the other appliances. CONCLUSIONS: The second molar eruption stage had an effect on molar distalization, but the third molar follicle had no effect. The application of an MPAP may be an effective treatment option for maxillary molar distalization.
Crowns ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Molar* ; Molar, Third

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Palate

Adenomyoma is a nonneoplastic lesion that can be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but it's rarely found in the extrahepatic bile duct. To the best of our knowledge, it is a completely benign lesion, but making a clear distinction from malignancy on preoperative evaluation is very difficult. Its clinical importance mainly lies in the possibility that they may be confused with carcinoma, leading to unnecessarily extensive surgical resections. We report here on a case of distal common bile duct adenomyoma that presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and the preoperative examinations could not reveal whether the tumor was benign or malignant. It was finally diagnosed by histological examination after performing pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenomyoma* ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Common Bile Duct* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pylorus

OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages between total vaginal hysterectomy (VTH) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) including the indications and safety. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent VTH from July 1998 to December 1999 and those who underwent LAVH from January 2000 to April 2002. We evaluated age, parity, previous abdominal operations, indications for hysterectomy, combined operations, operation time, bleeding amount, hemoglobin change, weight of uterus, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: 1. Age was not a notable factor but parity was significantly lower in LAVH group. 2. In VTH group, 48% of patients had previous operations compared with 46% in LAVH group. 3. The most common indication for hysterectomy of both group was uterine myoma. 4. The weight of hysterectomized specimen was 256 g in VTH group and 237 g in LAVH group. 5. In VTH group, 38% received concurrent surgical procedures of which colporrhaphy was the most common (14 cases). In LAVH group, 72.5% received concurrent surgical procedures of which salpingoo- phorectomy was most common. 6. The operation time showed a notable difference; 78.6 min. in VTH group and 105.4 min. in LAVH. 7. There was no significant difference in bleeding amount and hemoglobin change. 8. Postoperative complication was higher in VTH group (14%) than LAVH group (7.5%). However all the patients recovered with conservative treatment and close observation. CONCLUSION: Both VTH and LAVH had the following advantages compared with abdominal hysterectomy: less pain, shorter hospital stay, cosmetic advantages, lower prevalence. In this study we found out that in VTH, the procedure could be done safely even if the uterus was big or with previous abdominal operations. Limited operation field and the fact that we couldn't check the abdominal cavity were some disadvantages. In comparison, LAVH offered a view of the abdominal cavity which make easy adnexal operation but because of expensive operative tools, cost was a problem. In order to satisfy the patient and lower the cost, appropriate study on the indications and training on procedures will be necessary.
Abdominal Cavity ; Bleeding Time ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Leiomyoma ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Parity ; Postoperative Complications ; Prevalence ; Uterine Prolapse* ; Uterus

The cervical pregnancy is a rare condition representing less than 1% of ectopic gestations. But, it is potentially life-threatening condition because of profuse hemorrhage and requires hysterectomy in some cases. With ultrasound, diagnosis can be made earlier and conservative management is attempted in order to preserve the reproductive potential. Most cervical pregnancies are implanted within the cervical canal below the internal os of the cervix. However, we experienced one case of a unique viable cervical pregnancy in anterior lip of the cervix and treated successfully by local injection of potassium chloride into gestational sac and systemic methotrexate treatment.
Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Hemorrhage ; Hysterectomy ; Lip* ; Methotrexate* ; Potassium Chloride* ; Potassium* ; Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography

Immature teratoma is composed of varying quantities of immature differentiating among anyone or all three germ layer. The pure immature teratoma accounts for fewer than 1% of all ovarian cancer, but it is the second most common germ cell malignancy. About 50% of pure immature teratomas of the ovary occur in women between the ages of 10 and 20 years, and they rarely occur in postmenopausal women. The most frequent site of dissemination is the peritoneum, and much less commonly, the retroperitoneal lymph node. Among the tumors with embryonal elements, those containing neural tissues demonstrate most clearly the importance of the ability to mature. Gliomatosis peritonei is the most dramatic demonstration of the significance of maturation, because most patients with these tumors have survived, even with this disseminated disease. The purpose of this paper is to report on a immature ovarian teratoma with predominantly mature glial tissues in peritoneum which we have experienced in this hospital recently with brief review of the literature.
Female ; Germ Cells ; Germ Layers ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Peritoneum ; Teratoma*

PURPOSE: To investigate the radiosensitivity of the normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK), and the effect of irradiation on cell cycle and protein expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the radiosensitivity of NHOK, the number of colonies and cells were counted after irradiation and the SF2 (survival fraction at 2 Gy) value, and the cell survival curve fitted on a linear-quadratic model were obtained. LDH analysis was carried out to evaluate the necrosis of NHOK at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after 2, 10, and 20 Gy irradiation. Cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after 2, 10, and 20 Gy irradiation. Finally, proteins related cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were analysed by Western blot. RESULTS: The number of survived cell was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The cell survival curve showed SF2, alpha, and beta values to be 0.568, 0.209, and 0.020 respectively. At 20 Gy irradiated cells showed higher optical density than the control group. After irradiation, apoptosis was not observed but G2 arrest was observed in the NHOK cells. 1 day after 10 Gy irradiation, the expression of p53 remained unchanged, the p21 (WAF1/Cip1) increased and the mdm2 decreased. The expression of bax, bcl-2, cyclin B1, and cyclin D remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that NHOK responds to irradiation by G2 arrest, which is possibly mediated by the expression of p21 WAF1/Cip1, and that cell necrosis occurs by high dose irradiation.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Death* ; Cell Survival ; Cyclin B1 ; Cyclin D ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Necrosis ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation, Ionizing

BACKGROUND: The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress-responsive genes present in all species and play a major role in many cellular processes. These proteins are highly conserved molecules whose expression is induced in eukaryotic cells by a variety of environmental stresses. These proteins can also be expressed in virally transformed cells and cancer cells. Especially, HSP70 is found at a higher level in growing cells than in resting cells. Sulphomucin is secreted by immature foveolar cells of stomach and expressed in gastric adenocarcinomas. Also, it is known that the population of sulphomucin-producing cells increases with long-lasting stress. The purpose of this study was to determine HSP70 and sulphomucin expressions in gastric adenocarcinoma and the significance of expressions. METHODS: Thirty-one paraffin-embeded surgical specimens of gastric adenocarcinomas were obtained from April 1992 to March 1995 and were selected for analysis. The expressions of HSP70 and sulphomucin were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with HSP70 monoclonal antibody and the Spicer (HID) method. RESULTS: The expressions of HSP70 and sulphomucin were positive in 13 (42%) cases and 11 (35%) cases, respectively. The expression of HSP70 correlated with neither clinopathological factors nor sulphomucin expression. There was a significant correlation not only between sulphomucin expression and histologic differentiation (p=0.001) but also between disease-free survival and sulphomucin expression. CONCLUSIONS: Sulphomucin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma may be useful as a prognostic factor of gastric adenocarcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for gallbladder stones and at present is performed in minimally invasive procedures. There are several advantages to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, so now it is a popular procedure for use in a cholecystectomy. Also, a minilaparotomy cholecystectomy is an alternative method to a traditional open cholecystectomy and results in a smaller incision than a traditional open cholecystectomy. METHODS: We analyzed outcomes following laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy. 74 patients with gallstones were included. 45 patients were treated by a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 29 patients were treated by a minilaparotomy cholecystectomy. RESULTS: Compared to the minilaparotomy cholecystectomy, the laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a shorter mean hospital stay, a faster mean time to diet, and a longer mean operating time. During the first postoperative 24 hours more analgesics were used in the minilaparotomy cholecystectomy than in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the laparoscopic cholecystectomy was more expensive than the minilaparotomy cholecystectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients receiving a lapaaroscopic cholecystectomy and 1 patient receiving a minilaparotomy cholecystectomy. Conversion from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy to a traditional open cholecystectomy was necessary in 2 patients; no conversion to a traditional cholecystectomy was necessary in the minilaparotomy cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This study has proven the advantages of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy to be shorter hospitalization, less pain, and better cosmetic effect. Also, a minilaparotomy cholecystectomy has the advantages of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can be performed more safely.
Analgesics ; Cholecystectomy* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Diet ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Laparotomy* ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications