No abstract available.
Temporal Bone*

In this 21st century which is considered as the era of biotechnology, the regenerative medicine emerging as an important medical science has been expected to provide hope to patients of incurable diseases, such as myriad of degenerative disease or terminal organ failure which can not be solved until recently. Because It is also thought to be a epochal alternative therapy in every medical part including cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, hereditary disease, liver disease, endocrine disorder, bone or cartilage disease, and skin disease, many stem cell researches are conducted and many results are reported. Stem cells are at the center of this regenerative medicine. Although there is public debate because it is inevitably associated with ethical problems like destruction of embryo or risk of reproductive cloning, stem cell research generated much interest because the expected therapeutic effect and the derived economic value would be enormous. This review will describe the characteristics of stem cell and summarize the published research results recently.
Adult Stem Cells ; Biotechnology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cartilage Diseases ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Embryonic Structures ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Hope ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Nervous System Diseases ; Regenerative Medicine ; Skin Diseases ; Stem Cell Research ; Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Humans

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between chromosome abnormalities and male or female reproductive dysfunction and to be convinced of the role of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv (9)) on human phenotypes. METHODS: Between Jan. 1995 and Dec. 2003, results of 1713 chromosomal analyses which were referred to our cytogenetic laboratory were analyzed. Study groups consisted of 658 cases of men and 18 cases of women with unexplained infertility, 65 cases of men and 109 cases of women with history of recurrent spontaneous abortion, 78 cases of women with primary amenorrhea, 61 cases of women with secondary amenorrhea and, 382 cases of men and 342 cases of women with no reproductive dysfunction (control group). The incidence of inv (9) among each group was compared with control group. RESULTS: Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 110 cases (16.7%), 2 cases (11.1%), 3 cases (4.6%), 15 cases (13.8%), 29 cases (37.2%) and 10 cases (16.4%) in each group. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in male infertility was higher than previous reports, and 10 cases of inv (9) were detected in male infertility group. In cases of women with infertility and secondary amenorrhea, we couldn't find the relevance between reproductive dysfunction and chromosomal abnormality. In cases of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, 6 cases (5.5%) had autosomal translocation and 7 cases (6.42%) had inv (9). In cases with primary amenorrhea, most chromosomal abnormalities found were related to sex chromosome such as Turner's syndrome, similar to other investigations. Thirty three cases of inv (9) was detected among the whole 1713 chromosomal analyses (1.93%). In cases of male infertility, 10 cases (1.52%) had inv (9), not significantly different with male control group. But 7 cases (6.42%) of inv (9) in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion were significantly higher than female control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Because considerable proportion of patients with reproductive dysfunction had various cytogenetic abnormalities, the chromosomal analysis should be considered as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of reproductive dysfunction such as infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and amenorrhea. We also found that Inv (9) had a significantly increased incidence in female recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Amenorrhea ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Sex Chromosomes ; Turner Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities according to age and indications in midtrimester amniocentesis performed for prenatal genetic diagnosis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the results of 3,537 cases of midtrimester prenatal genetic amniocentesis which were performed from 1994 to June 2006 in the cytogenetic laboratory at Pusan National University Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 3,537 midtrimester amniocentesis cases, the most common maternal age group was 25~29 years old (32.8%), followed by 30-34 years old (32.1%) and 35~39 years old (24.3%). The indications for amniocentesis were abnormal triple test (42.6%), advanced maternal age (31.8%), family history of chromosomal abnormality (7.0%), in the respective order. The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 5.0%, of which numerical abnormalities and structural abnormalities were 2.4% and 2.6%, respectively. Chromosomal abnormalities were most frequently found in the maternal age over 45 (16.7%), followed by 40~44 years old (6.3%) and 25~29 years old (5.6%). According to the indications of amniocentesis, chromosomal abnormalities were found in patients with habitual abortion (21.2%), previous history of chromosomal abnormality (14.3%), abnormal finding on ultrasonography (11.5%) and advanced maternal age (5.7%), in the respective order. CONCLUSION: In this study, in addition to although abnormal triple test and advanced maternal age as important indications of midtrimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis, other indications such as habitual abortion, previous history of chromosomal abnormality and abnormal finding on ultrasonography should be considered important as indications of midtrimester amniocentesis.
Abortion, Habitual ; Amniocentesis* ; Busan ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maternal Age ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the injection rate affects the spread of spinal anesthesia in cesarean sections. METHODS: Spinal anesthesia was performed on 45 parturients in a cesaren section. Dural puncture was performed in the sitting position with a 27-gauge Whitacre needle. All patients received a mixture of 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine and 15 microgram fentanyl. Twenty five (Group I) patients received rapid injections (about 0.2-0.3 ml/sec) and twenty (Group II) received slow injections (about 0.1 ml/sec). Anesthetic levels, time to T4 sensory block, maximal height sensory block and incidence of hypotension were measured. RESULTS: There was significantly rapid T4 sensory block in group I but no differences in maximal height of sensory block and incidence of hypotension between the two groups. CONCLSIONS: We conclude that injection rate (about 0.1-0.3 ml/sec) has a statistically insignificant influence on the maximal height sensory block and incidence of hypotension.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Punctures

PURPOSE: A laparoscopic appendectomy is now commonly performed. The push in recent years toward reducing the number of ports required to perform this surgery has led to the development of a single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (SPA). We compared postoperative pain after an SPA using a glove port with a percutaneous organ-holding device (group 1) with that of an SPA using a commercially-available multichannel single-port device (group 2). METHODS: Between March 2010 and July 2011, a retrospective study was conducted of a total of 77 patients who underwent an SPA by three surgeons at department of surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center. Thirty-eight patients received an SPA using a glove port with a percutaneous organ-holding device. The other 39 patients received an SPA using a commercially-available multichannel single port (Octo-Port or SILS Port). Operative details and postoperative outcomes were collected and evaluated. RESULTS: There were no differences in the mean operative times, times to pass gas, postoperative hospital stays, or cosmetic satisfaction scores between the two groups. The pain score in the first 24 hours after surgery was higher in group 2 than group 1 patients (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the trocar used in group 2 was more expensive than that used in group 1. CONCLUSION: An SPA using a glove port with a percutaneous organ-holding device was associated with a lower pain score during the first 24 hours after surgery because of the shorter fascia incision length and a cheaper cost than an SPA using a commercially-available multichannel single-port device.
Appendectomy* ; Fascia ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Instruments

This study was performed in order to identify changes of the plasma membrane proteins in rat submandibular gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA] and X-irradiation. Two kinds of tumor associated membrane proteins (protein A and B) were isolated with 3 M KCl extraction from rat submandibular gland tumors induced by DMBA and X-irradiation. To identify their antigenicities, immunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion was carried out with various proteins extracted from liver, heart, skin and pancreas of adult rats and from embryonic liver, heart and skin. The rabbit antisera against the protein A did not cross-react with any of the proteins extracted from the above mentioned tissues, suggesting that protein A might be tumor specific antigen. However, the rabbit antisera against protein B was precipitated with proteins extracted from the liver of adult and embryonic rats. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these two proteins (A and B) showed that protein A was a dimer with molecular weights of 69,000 and 35,000 dalton, whereas protein B was a monomer with molecular weight of 50,000 dalton.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Liver ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Weight ; Pancreas ; Rats* ; Skin ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Submandibular Gland*

Schwannoma commonly arises from Schwann cells of the neural sheath, and is rare in the groin region. Here, we describe a vaginal schwannoma incidentally detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient with thigh pain. A 43-year-old woman presented with thigh pain with burning and tingling sensations in the medial aspect of her left thigh. MRI revealed a mass lesion of heterogeneous intensity 5.2 x 5.7 cm in the left vaginal wall. The mass was resected and histology revealed schwannoma.
Adult ; Burns ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Groin ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma* ; Schwann Cells ; Sensation ; Thigh* ; Vaginal Neoplasms

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. The cancer spreads by direct extension, transtubal dissemination, lymphatic dissemination, and/or by hematogenous spread, usually results in lung metastasis, but may less commonly involve liver, brain, and bone. Here, we describe a patient with stage IA endometrial cancer who developed liver recurrence 17 months after surgery.
Brain ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence