No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study attempted to identify influential variables on types of smoking in adult smokers, which have been derived from Q-study. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 328 adult smokers at community settings in Seoul, South Korea from April 2006 to July 2006. To identify the influential variables related to smoking, variables from the Trans-theoretical model(i.e., self-efficacy for smoking abstinence, smoking temptation, process of change, decisional balance(pros and cons)) and nicotine dependency were analysed by ANOVA. Post-comparison tests were also done. RESULTS: The scores of nicotine dependency and smoking temptation were higher in habitual craving types than any other types, while the scores of self-liberation and self-efficacy for smoking abstinence were higher in self control types than any other types. CONCLUSION: Specific smoking intervention methods for each of the smoking types needs to be developed, based on how different groups of individuals gets into a decisions to quit smoking within their contexts.
Adult ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Republic of Korea ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms* ; Maxillary Sinus*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans

Duodenal varix is a rare site of hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension, but its rupture is a serious and often fatal event. They can be diagnosed by means of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, selective superior mesenteric artery angiography, slenoportogram. Especially, upper gastroduodenal endoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice in diagnosing duodenal varices. Treatment modalities for bleeding duodenal varices are sclerotherapy, varix ligation, portocaval shunt, and duodenal resection. Endoscopic sclerotherapy has limited success in controlling active duodenal varix. Endoscopic ligation with a detachable snare is a useful therapeutic measure in the treatment of bleeding duodenal varices. Wc report a patient with bleeding duodenal varix, successfully treated by means of endoscopic ligation with a detachable snare. The endoscopic examination showed spurting bleeding from dilated vessel at the third portion of the duodenum. We successfully controlled the bleeding duodenal varix by means of endoscopic ligation with a detachable snare.
Angiography ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Ligation* ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Rupture ; Sclerotherapy ; SNARE Proteins* ; Varicose Veins*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify types of smoking decision making-temptation in adolescents and characteristics related to type among student smokers. METHOD: Data collection was done from March to July. 2006. A survey was administered to 275 students in 13 high schools and 15 middle schools in Seoul, South Korea. To identify types and characteristics smoking decision making-temptation in adolescents, cluster analysis using the K-mean method was employed. Characteristics of the influential variables according to the identified types of adolescent smokers were evaluated using ANOVA. RESULTS: Four types of smoking pattern in adolescents were identified: habitual craving (17.7%), nicotine dependence (35.8%), feeblemindedness (28.4%), and self control p=.001), while the score for self efficacy for smoking abstinence was higher in the self control type (F=23.06, p=.000). Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that effective interventions for smoking cessation in adolescents require not only active implementation of nicotine replacement therapy but also development of individualized approaches for each person targeting change in the social environment that may lead to positive smoking decisional balance.
Adolescent ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Republic of Korea ; Self Efficacy ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Social Environment ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether polymorphisms of gene encoding CYP1B1 is associated with the risk of endometriosis in Korean women. METHODS: We investigated 199 patients with histopathologically confirmed endometriosis rAFS stage III/IV and 183 control group women who were surgically proven to have no endometriosis. The genetic distribution of four different CYP1B1 polymorphisms at G119-T, G432-C, T449-C, and A453-G were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. RESULTS: We found no overall association between each individual CYP1B1 genotype and the risk of endometriosis. The odds ratio of genotype GG/GC+GG/TC+TT/AA compared to GG/CC/CC/AA (reference) was calculated as 2.06 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.003~4.216. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that CYP1B1 genetic polymorphism may be associated with development of endometriosis in Korean women.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes and the live birth rate at 1-year age increments in women aged ≥40 years undergoing fresh non-donor in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), and to identify predictors of success in these patients. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed among women ≥40 years of age between 2004 and 2011. Of the 2,362 cycles that were conducted, ET was performed in 1,532 (73.1%). RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in women ≥40 years significantly decreased with each year of increased age (p<0.001). Maternal age (odds ratio [OR], 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.540–0.769; p<0.001), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (OR, 0.950; 95% CI, 0.903–0.999; p=0.047), the number of high-quality embryos (OR, 1.258; 95% CI, 1.005 –1.575; p=0.045), and the number of transferred embryos (OR, 1.291; 95% CI, 1.064 –1.566; p=0.009) were significant predictors of live birth. A statistically significant increase in live birth rates was seen when ≥3 embryos were transferred in patients 40 to 41 years of age, whereas poor pregnancy outcomes were seen in patients ≥43 years of age, regardless of the number of transferred embryos. Moreover, the cumulative live birth rate increased in patients 40 to 42 years of age with repeated IVF cycles, but the follicle-stimulating hormone in those ≥43 years of age rarely showed an increase. CONCLUSION: IVF-ET has acceptable outcomes in those <43 years of age when a patient's own oocytes are used. Maternal age, basal FSH levels, and the number of high-quality embryos and transferred embryos are useful predictors of live birth.
Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Infertility ; Live Birth* ; Maternal Age ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies