The effect of diphenylhydantoin on LD 50 of ouabain was investigated in frogs, using "one hour frog method". LD50 of ouabain in control group was 1.90 microg/10g. A dose of 100 microg/10g diphenylhydantion did not affect the systemic manifestations of the frogs, but increase the LD50 of ouabain to 2.60 microg/10g. The difference of LD50 of ouabain and potency ratio between control group and diphenylhydantoin-treated group was statistically significant.
Lethal Dose 50 ; Ouabain* ; Phenytoin*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

Thrombosis of one or both renal veins occurs in a variety of settings such as trauma, dehydration, extrinsic compression, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy, oral contraceptives or invasion by tumor. Nephrotic syndrome and certain carcinomas seem to predispose to the development of renal vein thrombosis. The most common carcinoma which is associated with renal vein thrombosis is the renal cell carcinoma. But, renal vein thrombosis associated with tumor other than renal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Our patient was diagnosed as lung and uterine cervical cancer by histologic examination. The patient complained of left flank pain. Abdominal CT scan shows the dilated left renal vein filled with hypodense material and parenchymal infarction on the left kidney. Renal arteriography shows cut-off sign on a branch of the left renal artery. Inferior venacavography revealed contrast-filling defect in the left renal vein. To our knowledge, renal vein thrombosis with lung and uterine cervical carcinoma is the first report in English literature. So, we have presented a rare case of a renal vein thrombosis in a patient with lung and uterine cervical cancer.
Angiography ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Dehydration ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Renal Artery ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Oncogenes* ; Rectal Neoplasms*

It remains a problem that successful revascularization and reperfusion after ischemia are associated with high systemic complication rates and severe local tissue injuries. With prolonged ischemia, there is damage to tissue from anoxia, but further injury may occur after reperfusion. The activation of leukocytes and endothelial cells during reperfusion causes neutrophil adhesion in capillaries, resulting in plugging and further ischemia, Alternativety, neutrophil adhesion to endothelium leads to the migration of neutrophil with local edema formation, hemorrhage and thrombosis. Some chemotactic and activating factors are needed to propel neutrophils to the site of local inflammation. The chief cytikines that induce a pro-adhesive state in endothelium are tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta) and endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Similarly, TNF-alpha,and to a lesser extent interleukin-8(IL-8), is the important stimulus that acts on neutrophils and other leukocytes to alter their adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic role of IL-8 after perfusion with CDl8 monoclonal antibody(CDl8 mAb), the blocking antibody of neutrophil adherence, on reperfusion injury in rat epigastric island skin flap. A 6 X 3 cm-sized island skin flap was made on the abdomen. The epigastric pedicle was occluded for six hours with ambient temperature. Fifteen minutes before reperfusion, the flap was perfused with saline and CDl8 mAb(1 mg/kg). For evaluation of IL-8 levels, tissue fluid and serum were obtained at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion. IL-8 concentrations of the CDl8 mAb group in the tissue fluid were significantly decreased at 8, 12 and 24 hours compared to the control group(P > 0.01), but the difference between the two groups was not significant at 4 hours after reperfusion IL-8 concentrations of the CDl8 mAb group in the serum were significantly decreased over time compared to the control group(P > 0.05, p > 0.01). Form the above results, we concluded that blocking neutrophil adherence using CD18 mAb within the peak level of IL-8 at 4 hours after reperfusion may be a better method of reducing reperfusion injury to the island skin flap.
Abdomen ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Capillaries ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Hemorrhage ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-8* ; Ischemia ; Leukocytes ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Skin ; Thrombosis

This study was performed to assess the recurrence rate and the factors related with the recurrence of leprosy and to use the data obtained from the present study for the basis for the prevention of leprosy, among those leprosy patients who were registered and managed by a Catholic Skin Clinic located in the Taegu metropolitan city between January of 1960 to October of 1999. We conducted the present study with 1,245 leprosy patients except 31 who were being treated for active leprosy. Using a structured record sheet, the data were collected using the chart of the patient, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS program ver 9.0 and Fisher's exact test and chi-square-test was performed. Among 1,245 subjects, the sex distribution was 690 males (55.4%) and 555 females (44.6%). The age at the time of initial occurrence of leprosy was the most prevalent in patients' teen years with 528 patients(42.3%) followed by in their 20's with 366 patients (29.3%). The most prevalent type of leprosy at the initial occurrence of leprosy was type L with 730 patients(58.6%), and the condition of the bacteria at the time of initial occurrence of leprosy was negative in 509 patients(40.8%) and positive in 285 patients(22.9%). The overall recurrence rate was 13.2%. According to gender, males showed the recurrence rate of 15.7% and females 10.1%, showing a higher recurrence rate in males. The recurrence rate according to the type of leprosy was 31.6% of I type with the most prevalence. Among those patients who were initially diagnosed with mycobacterium leprae, 21.1% showed recurrence, and the recurrence rate was significantly higher than in negative mycobacterium leprae patients with 3.3%. The recurrence rate according to the age of initial occurrence of leprosy was the highest in those patients who developed leprosy in their teen years with 17.2%, followed by those who had leprosy in between 20-29 years with 13.4%. According to the administered medication, among those 152 patients who took DDS alone, showed 90.8% recurrence rate; among 1,009 patients took in DDS and switched to MDT, 2.5% showed recurrence; and among patients who were treated with MDT, only 1.2% showed recurrence with the lowest level of recurrence rate. With these results, in the case of DDS treatment cases, in male patients, the positive mycobacterium leprae patients at the time of initial occurrence of leprosy, the type of leprosy being I, and the age of the initial occurrence of leprosy being low; it is important to raise the compliance through education and follow-up. In the future, extensive and in-depth studies are needed to be done in the recurrence of leprosy to elucidate the factors of recurrence and the plans to prevent recurrence need to be established from the public health and policy areas.
Adolescent ; Bacteria ; Compliance ; Daegu ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Male ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Recurrence* ; Sex Distribution ; Skin

This study was performed to assess the recurrence rate and the factors related with the recurrence of leprosy and to use the data obtained from the present study for the basis for the prevention of leprosy, among those leprosy patients who were registered and managed by a Catholic Skin Clinic located in the Taegu metropolitan city between January of 1960 to October of 1999. We conducted the present study with 1,245 leprosy patients except 31 who were being treated for active leprosy. Using a structured record sheet, the data were collected using the chart of the patient, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS program ver 9.0 and Fisher's exact test and chi-square-test was performed. Among 1,245 subjects, the sex distribution was 690 males (55.4%) and 555 females (44.6%). The age at the time of initial occurrence of leprosy was the most prevalent in patients' teen years with 528 patients(42.3%) followed by in their 20's with 366 patients (29.3%). The most prevalent type of leprosy at the initial occurrence of leprosy was type L with 730 patients(58.6%), and the condition of the bacteria at the time of initial occurrence of leprosy was negative in 509 patients(40.8%) and positive in 285 patients(22.9%). The overall recurrence rate was 13.2%. According to gender, males showed the recurrence rate of 15.7% and females 10.1%, showing a higher recurrence rate in males. The recurrence rate according to the type of leprosy was 31.6% of I type with the most prevalence. Among those patients who were initially diagnosed with mycobacterium leprae, 21.1% showed recurrence, and the recurrence rate was significantly higher than in negative mycobacterium leprae patients with 3.3%. The recurrence rate according to the age of initial occurrence of leprosy was the highest in those patients who developed leprosy in their teen years with 17.2%, followed by those who had leprosy in between 20-29 years with 13.4%. According to the administered medication, among those 152 patients who took DDS alone, showed 90.8% recurrence rate; among 1,009 patients took in DDS and switched to MDT, 2.5% showed recurrence; and among patients who were treated with MDT, only 1.2% showed recurrence with the lowest level of recurrence rate. With these results, in the case of DDS treatment cases, in male patients, the positive mycobacterium leprae patients at the time of initial occurrence of leprosy, the type of leprosy being I, and the age of the initial occurrence of leprosy being low; it is important to raise the compliance through education and follow-up. In the future, extensive and in-depth studies are needed to be done in the recurrence of leprosy to elucidate the factors of recurrence and the plans to prevent recurrence need to be established from the public health and policy areas.
Adolescent ; Bacteria ; Compliance ; Daegu ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Male ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Recurrence* ; Sex Distribution ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of job stress, self-efficacy and empowerment of 119 Emergency medical technicians in Jeollanam-do. METHODS: This study used the data collected from 346 respondents working for first aid in a fire station. To answer research questions, this study employed frequency analysis, reliability test, F (t)-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' post-hoc test, and multiple-regression analysis. RESULTS: In terms of demographic characteristics, marital status and age had significant impact on job stress, but sex and education did not. In terms of job characteristics, first placement, rank, and tenure made significant difference on job stress, whereas certificate, department, and area did not. These results address that general characteristics, self-efficacy and job stress are critical variables on empowerment. CONCLUSION: From the research findings, it is concluded that fire fighters' job stress can be reduced if professional development programs are given to them, which is likely to provide better public services such as first aids and welfare, as well as to increase job satisfaction.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Fires ; First Aid ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Marital Status ; Power (Psychology)

The hyperosinophilic syndrome (HES) commonly involves liver and spleen but only a few literature has reported the imaging features. In this article, we present the imaging features of the liver and spleen in HES patients together with clinical and laboratory features. This study included 5 HES patients with hepatic involvement. Extensive laboratory tests including multiple hematologic, serologic, parasitologic, and immunologic examinations were performed. Imaging studies included CT, ultrasound (US) of upper abdomen and hepatosplenic scintigraphy. All patients were periodically examined by laboratory and imaging studies for 4 to 24 months. The common clinical presentations were weakness, mild fever, and dry cough. All patients revealed leukocytosis with eosinophilia of 40 to 80% and benign eosnophilic hyperplasia of the bone marrow. The percutaneous biopsy of the hepatic focal lesions performed in 2 patients showed numerous benign eosinophilic infiltrates and one of them revealed combined centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes. All cases revealed hepatomegaly with multiple focal lesions on at least one of CT, US, or scintigraphy. These findings completely disappeared in 2 To 6 months following medication of corticosteroid or antihistamines. The HES involved the liver and CT, US, or scintigraphy. These findings completelydisappeared in 2 to 6 months following medication of corticosteroid or antihistamines. The HES involved the liver and CT, US, or scintigraphic studies showed hepatic multifocal lesions with hepatomegaly. Differential diagnoses of these findings should include metastatic disease, lymphoma, leukemia. candidiasis or other opportunistic infections.
Abdomen ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Candidiasis ; Cough ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Hepatocytes ; Hepatomegaly ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Hyperplasia ; Leukemia ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Lymphoma ; Necrosis ; Opportunistic Infections ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Spleen ; Ultrasonography

The hyperosinophilic syndrome (HES) commonly involves liver and spleen but only a few literature has reported the imaging features. In this article, we present the imaging features of the liver and spleen in HES patients together with clinical and laboratory features. This study included 5 HES patients with hepatic involvement. Extensive laboratory tests including multiple hematologic, serologic, parasitologic, and immunologic examinations were performed. Imaging studies included CT, ultrasound (US) of upper abdomen and hepatosplenic scintigraphy. All patients were periodically examined by laboratory and imaging studies for 4 to 24 months. The common clinical presentations were weakness, mild fever, and dry cough. All patients revealed leukocytosis with eosinophilia of 40 to 80% and benign eosnophilic hyperplasia of the bone marrow. The percutaneous biopsy of the hepatic focal lesions performed in 2 patients showed numerous benign eosinophilic infiltrates and one of them revealed combined centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes. All cases revealed hepatomegaly with multiple focal lesions on at least one of CT, US, or scintigraphy. These findings completely disappeared in 2 To 6 months following medication of corticosteroid or antihistamines. The HES involved the liver and CT, US, or scintigraphy. These findings completelydisappeared in 2 to 6 months following medication of corticosteroid or antihistamines. The HES involved the liver and CT, US, or scintigraphic studies showed hepatic multifocal lesions with hepatomegaly. Differential diagnoses of these findings should include metastatic disease, lymphoma, leukemia. candidiasis or other opportunistic infections.
Abdomen ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Candidiasis ; Cough ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Hepatocytes ; Hepatomegaly ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Hyperplasia ; Leukemia ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Lymphoma ; Necrosis ; Opportunistic Infections ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Spleen ; Ultrasonography