Colonic stenting has been suggested as an acceptable therapeutic option for the palliation of malignant colorectal obstruction or to achieve bowel decompression and preparation. It is effective as a bridge to surgery that is useful as an option to avoid emergency colostomy. However, it is associated with complications such as intestinal perforation, stent migration, bleeding, and failure of bowel decompression. Of all the complications, intestinal perforation and failure of bowel decompression are most serious and require surgical treatment. Here we report a case of abdominal compartment syndrome after stent insertion for obstructive colon cancer. The main causative factors for abdominal compartment syndrome were bowel distension associated with endoscopic gas inflation and failure to achieve bowel decompression.
Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colostomy ; Decompression ; Emergencies ; Hemorrhage ; Inflation, Economic ; Intestinal Perforation ; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension ; Stents

BACKGROUND: Biodegradable microspheres are a useful method of drug delivery because they are both injectable and biodegradable. Previous work in our group has characterized implantable preparations of local anesthetics in pellets for prolonged regional anesthesia. In this paper we evaluated injectable suspensions of lidocaine-polymer microspheres for extended period of percutaneous sciatic nerve blockade in rats. METHODS: Microspheres were prepared using poly (lactide-co-glycolide) loaded with 50 wt% lidocaine by a solvent evaporation method. In vitro release rate of lidocaine from microspheres was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Percutaneous blockade of the rat sciatic nerve was performed, and sensory blockade of the nerve was assessed using an analgesiometer. RESULTS: Lidocaine was released in a controlled manner in vitro. In general 60% of the drug released in the first day, 80% in two days. Sciatic nerve blockade duration ranged from 8 to 12 hours. Incorporation of dexamethasone 0.05 wt% into the microspheres resulted in significant prolongation of block. CONCLUSION: Prolonged percutaneous blockade of peripheral nerve is achieved using biodegradable polymeric lidocaine microspheres.
Anesthesia, Conduction* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Dexamethasone ; Lidocaine* ; Microspheres* ; Peripheral Nerves ; Polymers* ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve ; Suspensions

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to obtain single cell-derived clones from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population, to compare the gene expression patterns and differentiation characteristics among the hUCB derived MSC population and its monoclonal cell populations, and to determine if the MSC population is homogenous. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single cells were isolated from a hUCB derived MSC population and cultured on each well of a culture plate. The gene expression pattern of each monoclonal cell population expanded from the single cells was detected by RT-PCR for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic specific genes. The monoclonal cell populations were differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages and were confirmed by specific staining. RESULTS: Fifteen monoclonal cell populations were obtained from the total seeding of 864 single cells. The cell morphology and gene expression patterns among the hUCB derived MSCs and its monoclonal cell population were different. Tri-lineage differentiation potency was different among the monoclonal cell populations. CONCLUSION: The difference in the cell morphology, gene expression patterns, and differentiation characteristics among the monoclonal cell populations suggest heterogeneity of the MSC population isolated using the currently available method.
Clone Cells ; Fetal Blood* ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Population Characteristics ; Umbilical Cord*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the health and environmental risk factors of air contaminants that influence environmental and respiratory diseases in Gyeongju, Pohang and Ulsan in South Korea, with a focus on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). METHODS: Samples were collected by instantaneous negative pressure by opening the injection valve in the canister at a fixed height of 1 to 1.5 m. The sample that was condensed in -150degrees C was heated to 180degrees C in sample pre-concentration trap using a 6-port switching valve and it was injected to a gas chromatography column. The injection quantity of samples was precisely controlled using an electronic flow controller equipped in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. RESULTS: The quantity of the VOC emissions in the industrial area was 1.5 to 2 times higher than that in the non-industrial area. With regards to the aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene was detected at the highest level of 22.01 ppb in Ulsan, and chloroform was the halogenated hydrocarbons with the highest level of 10.19 ppb in Pohang. The emission of toluene was shown to be very important, as it accounted for more than 30% of the total aromatic hydrocarbon concentration. CONCLUSIONS: It was considered that benzene in terms of the cancer-causing grade standard, toluene in terms of the emission quantity, and chloroform and styrene in terms of their grades and emission quantities should be selected for priority measurement substances.
Benzene ; Chloroform ; Chromatography, Gas ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic ; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Styrene ; Toluene ; Volatile Organic Compounds

This study was aimed at primarily to develop a tool to evaluate sexuality education and secondarily to test effectiveness through application of developed evaluation tools in elementary school. The results from this study were summarized below: 1. On the basis of targeting the lower grades (1st- 3th year) and the higher grades (4th-6th year) elementary school students' sexuality education guidebooks published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 71 preliminary items targeting the lower grades, 90 preliminary items targeting the higher grades were developed. 2. Through the validity test about the contents of the preliminary items three times, the items were regulated to 65 items targeting the lower grads and 57 items targeting the higher grades. And then, the preliminary items were re-regulated to 40 items separately. Then, pre-test which targeting each 30 students was enforced. 3.Finally, the evaluation tools for sexuality education that consisted of 40 items targeting the lower grades and the higher grades were developed. 4.Reliability test of the developed tools, sexuality education evaluation tools showed alpha coefficient of internal consistency were 0.8355 (for the use of the lower grades) and 0.8881 (for the use of the higher grades). 5.To apply the developed sexuality education evaluation tools, 10-times sexuality education were carried out class unit and pre-post test were done using same questionnaire, which contains developed tool, there were significant difference in low grade (t=16.548, p=0.000), high grade (t=14.773, p=0.000). The results of this study suggest that the evaluation tool for sexuality education in elementary school may be a useful tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, the evaluation tool for sexuality education developed by this study can be effectively utilized in Korea elementary schools.
Education* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sexuality* ; Staff Development ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Insulinoma is a functional endocrine tumor arising from the beta cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. The only effective treatment of insulinoma was surgical removal of the tumor. Recently, laparoscopic surgery for islet cell tumors of the pancreas is introduced. Laparoscopic enucleation or resection of benign islet tumors results in a shorter hospital recovery and is a good alternative to open surgery We report a case of insulinoma that was treated sucessfully by laparoscopic enucleation.
Adenoma, Islet Cell ; Insulinoma* ; Islets of Langerhans ; Laparoscopy ; Pancreas

This is a case report and review of literature of a rare mixed odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in the posterior area of the mandible. The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma which was developed by hyperplasia of dental epithelium and mesenchymal tissue. This tumor was classified from ameloblastic odontoma by Hooker, in 1967. At first and characterized by mixed appearance of odontoma and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, But, on the point of pathologic feature, there are many controversial opinions among scholars up to the present. The patients of this case report was refereed to our department via the pedodontic department for the treatment of hard mass on the premolar area of the left mandible. And then, on the clinical and radiographic examination at first visit, we had tentative diagnosis that the lesion was benign mixed odontogenic tumor of defined mass margin that was amelblastic fibro-odontoma. The tumor mass was removed by surgical enucleation and curettage and extracted left mandibular second premolar which was impacted on the lesion. And the removed tumor mass was confirmed to ameloblastic fibro-odontoma on the post-operative biopsy. The patients has well done follow-up check postoperatively and shown no sign of recurrence up to the present.
Ameloblasts* ; Bicuspid ; Biopsy ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Mandible* ; Odontogenic Tumors ; Odontoma ; Recurrence

Maxillofacial infection often place the oral and maxillofacial surgeon in situations where timely decisions have to be made. These decisions can be lifesaving. Odontogenic infection are frequently encountered in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. These infections often repond to surgical and antimicrobial management. Otheriwise odontogenic infections have the potential to spread via the fasical spaces in the head and neck region. They can compromise vital structures in this region or involve distant structures. The classic signs of maxillofacial infections include pain, swelling, fever, dysphagia, and dehydration. The goals of management should be to correct these conditions. We have undertaken clinical studies on infections in the oral and maxillofacial regions (facial space) by analyzing hospitalized patients in the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital past 5 years from 1991. To 1995. And bacterial cultures and antibiotics sensitivity test were performed and the comparative analysis of the antibiotics was done. The results were as follows: 1. The most frequent cause of oral and maxillofacial infection was odontogenic 68% and in 23% patients with signs and symptom aggrevated after teeth extraction. 2. The most common fascial spaces involved was buccal space 36.1%, followed by submandibular space 12.3% and 3 cases were Ludwig's angina. 3. Antibiotics were administrated in all cases and surgical incision and drainage was performed in 88.6%. 4. The most causative organisms isolated from the pus cultures were streptococci group 51.1%.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dehydration ; Drainage ; Fever ; Head ; Humans ; Ludwig's Angina ; Neck ; Suppuration ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

Nd:YAG laser is well absorbed to water, melanin, hemoglobin and thus, Nd:YAG laser may be used for bleeding control and extraction site sterilization where is easily contaminated by saliva and blood. Additionaly, Nd:YAG laser have analgesic effect by elevation of pain threshold. On the basis of Nd:YAG laser effects, we applied the Nd:YAG laser on extraction socket of 50 patients who visited to our department for lower third molar extraction and evaluated the effects of Nd:YAG laser on the bleeding control, pain relief, swelling reduction after tooth extraction. For the objective assesment on Nd:YAG laser effects, we made up the other 50 patients(control group) who were treated by conventional extraction method and compare the subjective and objective symptoms(pain relief, swelling and oozing time) between each group. The results were as follows: 1. The Nd:YAG laser was effective to relief of postextraction pain and most effective to 2 hours after extraction when local anesthesia disappears. 2. The Nd:YAG laser application was non-effective to reducing the facial swelling after extraction. 3. The Nd:YAG was effective to decrease the oozing time after extraction and the average time was 4 hours.
Anesthesia, Local ; Equidae ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Melanins ; Molar, Third ; Pain Threshold ; Saliva ; Sterilization ; Tooth Extraction

Lumbar hernia is a relatively rare clinical phenomenon. They may be classified according to their anatomic location and they can be either congenital or acquired. These patients usually present with a protruding bulge in the posterolateral abdominal wall. Portions of the small and large intestine may be found in the sac. This may be asymptomatic or it can become incarcerated and strangulated. We report here on a rare case of secondary lumbar hernia combined with descending colon incarceration. The diagnosis of lumbar hernia was made by CT scan and barium enema. Excision of the sac was performed and the hernial defect in the fascia was repaired with polypropylene mesh reinforcement.
Abdominal Wall ; Barium ; Colon, Descending* ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Fascia ; Hernia* ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; Polypropylenes ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed