This is descripitive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients and the degree of the importance of educational activity perceived by nurses who look after nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subject were composed of 60 mothers & 63 nurses of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Mar. in 1997 to July 1997. A questionnaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was alpha=.97. The data analysis was done by SAS. t-test, and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. T-test was done to measure relations between the degree of educational needs and importance of educational activity. The results were as follows. 1. The Educational needs of mothers ranked as the highest in home care. 2. In character of mothers, the degree of education, economic state, the number of child and occupation was significant in statistically. 3. The importance of educational activity of nurses ranked the highest in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 4. The educational needs of nephrotic syn, children' mother and importance of nurses were different in diagnosis and treatment of the disease and home care. On the basis of these results, we suggest as follows. 1. It is proposed that nurses use these results of the study actively for the educational program for Nephrotic Syndrome patients and their mothers. 2. It is suggested to make a comparative study of the degree of nurses' understanding of the importance on educational items with the instruments of this study.
Busan ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Education* ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Occupations ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Indomethacin* ; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated* ; Mice*

To observe the effect of serious illness, surgical trauma, body weight, and clofibrate on serum lipids, the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride with lipoprotein patterns by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane were studied in 30 normal persons, 18 patients with coronary heart disease, 26 patients with cerebral thrombosis, and 7 surgical patients. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The values of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease were markedly higher than those of control, and the optic dinsities of each serum lipoprotein fractions were also increased significantly. 2. Serum lipoprotein type IIa and IIb were more frequently observed than type IV in cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease. 3. The change of serum cholesterol and triglyceride related moderately to relative body weight in normal persons. 4. The decrease in serum cholesterol occured on the 1st day following surgery, and recovered to 97.8% of the preoperation level on the 7th day. The serum triglyceride started to increase on the 3rd day following surgery, and reached to 115.1% of the preoperation level on the 7th day. 5. After attack of cerebrovascular accident the serum cholesterol and triglyceride level increased slowly to the 122.1% and 133.1% of the each lst day level on the 7th day. 6. The serum lipid lowering effect of clofibrate was most conspicuous in the hypertriglyceridemic patients, especially during lst and 2nd week after medication, and mixed hyperlipidemic patients responded moderately. But pure hypercholesterolemic patients resisted completely. The optic densities of each serum lipoprotein fraction were also decreased in drug responded groups.
Body Weight ; Cellulose ; Cholesterol ; Clofibrate ; Coronary Disease ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Lipoproteins ; Membranes ; Stroke ; Triglycerides

Cyclosporine(CsA) has been known to cause an endothelial dysfunction following its use as an immunosuppressive agent. On the other hand, the vascular endothelium has been recognized as an endocrine organ in its own right, i.e., it releases vasoactive factors such as nitric oxide(NO) and hyperpolarizing factor(EDHF). NO is synthesized by at least three isoforms of NO synthases(NOS), among which ecNOS is constitutively expressed in the endothelium. The principle of EDHF has not been determined. The present study was aimed at further investigating the mechanisms underlying the CsA-induced vasculopathy. Rats were treated with CsA (25mg/kg/day, subcutaneous) for one week and their thoracic aortae were isolated. Their changes of iso-metric tension in responses to acetylcholine, diazoxide, and high concentrations of calcium were recorded. The expression of ecNOS mRNA and protein was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. The acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the aortic rings was significantly diminished follawing the CsA-treatment, which was prevented by L-arginine supplemented along with the CsA-treatment. The relaxation of the thoracic aorta in response to either diazoxide or high concentrations of extracellular calcium was not affected by CsA-treatrnent. The vascular tissue contents of NO metabolites were significantly decreased following the CsA-treatment, which was also prevented by L-arginine-supple-mentation. Neither ecNOS mRNA nor protein expression was significantly altered following the CsA-treatment. It is suggested that CsA induces an endothelial dysfunction, which cannot be attributed to an altered role of EDHF, but to an impairment in L-arginine/NO pathway at the steps beyond NOS protein expression.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arginine ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium ; Diazoxide ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Hand ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli*

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare sex-cord stromal tumor of the ovary and accounts for less than 0.5% of all ovarian tumors. It is among the most fascinating from pathologic and clinical viewpoints in masculinization. We experience an unusual case of a poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in 60-year-old woman who showed masculinization and present it with brief review of literature.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovary* ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

One hundred and seven cases of coronary heart disease were clinically studied at Seoul National University Hospital from September 1967 to August 1971 and following results were obtained. 1. The total cases were composed with 70 cases of myocardial infarction (46 cases of acute type and 24 cases of old type), 26 cases of angina pectoris and 11 cases of coronary insufficiency. 2. The ratio of male to female was 3.5:1, and over two-thirds of patients were sixth and seventh decade in ages. 3. As the underlying diseases, hypertension was found in 38.3% of the cases, and diabetes mellitus in 10.3%. 4. Among the various symptoms, precordial pain was a most common and characteristic, which was noted in 81.1% of the cases. Pain was radiated to the left arm and/or left shoulder in 45.2% of the cases. 5. In 57.2% of the cases, serum cholesterol was more than 200mg%. 6. The ratio between anterior and posterior wall infarction on electrocardiogram was about 3.5:1. 7. Left ventricular hypertrophy was the most frequently noted finding, and sinus tachycardia, low voltage, ventricular premature beat, myocardial ischemia, and others were also observed in some cases. 8. Mortality rate was 8.4%, and the major causes of death were cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation.
Angina Pectoris ; Arm ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Cause of Death ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Infarction ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Seoul ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Shoulder ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Ventricular Fibrillation

Statistical observation was made on the 1949 patients with cardiovascular diseases who had been treated in Dept. of Internal Medicine, Seoul national University Hospital during the period of four years, from jan. 1972 to Dec. 1975. 1) The patients wth cardiovascular diseases accounted for 20.2% out of total 9,638 medical inpatients. The incidence for the consecutive years was not apparently variable. 2) The diseases occured most frequently in the sixth decades and the incidence decreased in the order of fifth and seventh decades. 3) The disease was more prevalent in male than female with ratio of 1.3 of 1. 4) The hypertension was the most common disease among cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 67.5% of patients with cardiovascular diseases and 13.6% of total medical inpatients. The disease occurred most frequently in the sixth decades and the incidence decreased in the order of fifth and seventh decades with male preponderance. 81.8% of patients with hypertension was essential hypertension and 18.2% was secondary hypertension. Secondary hypertension was caused by parenchylmal renal diseases in most patients and there were only several patients with renovascular and endocrine hypertension. 40.2% of patients with essential hypertension had no complications, 38.6% had cerebral vascular accidents, 12.1% had uremia and 9.1% had congestive heart failure. The patients with malignant hypertension was 9.6% of total patients with hypertension. 5) Rheumatic heart disease was 14% of patients with cardiovascular diseases, being second in incidence. It was more prevalent in female than male with ratio of 1 male to 1.3 female and affected the mitral valve in most of the cases, whereas involvement of aortic valve was rare. 6) The coronary heart disease was 5.3% of patients with cardiovascular diseases, being third in incidence. It occured most frequently in seventh and sixth decades and affected male two times more frquently than female. 7) The congenital heart disease was 2.9% of patients with cardiovascular diseases, of which atrial septal defect was highest in incidence. 8) The cor-pulmonale was 1.4%, pericarditis 1.4%, endocarditis 0.9%, postpartum heart disease 1.2%, myxedematous heart disease 0.2%, arrhythmia 2.1%, peripheral vascular disease 1.1% and miscellaneous 0.6% of patients with cardiovascular diseases. 9) Postpartum heart failure and endocarditis was remarkably decreased in incidence recently and there were one patients with beriberi heart disease and one patient with syphilitic heart disease during those years of this study.
Aortic Valve ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Beriberi ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Coronary Disease ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Malignant ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Internal Medicine ; Korea* ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Pericarditis ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Postpartum Period ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Seoul ; Uremia

The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured and the lipoprotein patterns by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane were observed in 30 normal Koreans, 26 patients with cerebrovascular accident, and 18 patients with coronary heart disease. Similar measurements and observations were made in normal Koreas, surgical patients, the patients with cerebrovascular accident and hyperlipidemia in an attempt to examine the effects of body weight, surgical operations, cerebrovascular accident and the administration of clofibrate on serum lipids. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The mean values of serum cholesterol and triglyceride, which shows moderately significant correlation to the body weight in normal Koreans, were markedly higher in the patients with cerebrovascular accident and coronary heart disease than those of control. 2. Serum pre-beta- and beta-lipoprotein patterns in the densitometry of the serum lipoprotein electropherogram of the patients with coronary heart disease were larger than those of control, but the densitometric patterns of the patients with cerebrovascular accident were similar to those of control. Serum pre-beta- and beta-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of the patients with cerebrovascular accident and coronary heart disease were higher than those of control. 3. Serum hyperlipoproteinemic type IIa and IIb were more frequently observed than type IV in the patients with cerebrovascular accident and coronary heart disease. 4. Serum cholesterol levels decreased to 74.9% of preoperation levels on the 1st postoperative day and recovered to 97.8% of preoperation levels on the 7th day. Serum triglyceride levels started to increase on the 3rd postoperative day, and reached to 115.3% of preoperation levels on the 7th day. After attack of cerebrovascular accident, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased slowly to 121.7% and 133.7% of the each 1st day levels on the 7th day. 5. Serum lipid lowering effect of clofibrate was most conspicuous in the hypertriglyceridemic patients, especially during the 1st and 2nd weeks after initiation of medication, and moderately in the mixed hyperlipidemic patients. Serum pre-beta- and beta-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were decreased after 8 weeks of clofibrate therapy, but alpha-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels did not change significantly.
Body Weight ; Cellulose ; Cholesterol* ; Clofibrate ; Coronary Disease ; Densitometry ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Korea ; Lipoproteins* ; Membranes ; Stroke ; Triglycerides*

Debonding of cement-femoral stem interface has been suggested as a initial focus of loosening mechanism in many previous studies of cemented total hip replacement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of debonding of cement-femoral stem interface to the cement-bone inter- face by using three-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis. Three cases of partial debonded, full debonded, and full bonded cement-bone interface were modelled with partial bonding of distal 70mm from the tip of femoral stem. Each situation was studied under loading simulating one-leg stanced gait of 68kg patient. The results showed that under partial and full debonded cement-stem interface conditions the peak von Mises stress (3.1 MPa) were observed at the cement of cement-bone interface just under the calcar of proximal medial of femur, and sudden high peak stresses (3.5 MPa) were developed at the distal tip of femoral stem at the lateral bone-cement interface in all 3 cases of bonding. The stresses were transfered very little to the cement of upper lateral bone-cement interface in partial and full debonded cases. Once partial or full debonded cement-femoral stem interface occured, 3 times higher stress concentration were developed on the cement of proximal medial cement-bone interface than full bonded interface, and these could cause loosening of cemented total hip replacement. Clinically, preservation of more rigid cement-femoral stem interface may be important factor to prevent loosening of femoral stem.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femur ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Gait ; Humans