No abstract available in English.
Aged ; Femur ; Humans

Epidemiological studies are important in both the prevention and treatment of mycobacterial infections. This study was initiated to establish the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method, which are not yet extensively studied. The most apprpriate restriction endonucleases included Dral, AsnI, and XbaI. The optimal PFGE condition was different according to the enzymes used. Two stage PFGE was performed, in case of DraI first stage was performed with 10 seconds of initial pulse and 15 seconds of findA pulse, while the second stage was performed with 60 seconds of initial pulse and 70 seconds of final pu',se. The electrophoresis time for DraI-PFGE was 14 hours for each stage. Electrophoresis was performed for 22 hours, in case of XbaI, with 3 seconds of initial pulse and 12 seconds of final pulse. Electrophoresis was performed for 22 hours, in case of AsnI, with 5 seconds of initial pulse and 25 seconds of final pulse. In all cases the voltage of the electrophoresis was maintained constantly at 200 voltage. Standard mycobacterial strains, which included Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis, and M. fortuitum, could not be differentiated by PFGE analysis. PFGE analysis was performed to differentiate 9 clinically isolated M. fortuitum strains using AsnI. All M. fortuitum strains showed different genotypes except 2 strains. Cluster analysis divided M. fortuitum strains into 2 large groups. PFGE analysis was performed to further differentiate M. fortuitum isolates using XbaI. The undifferentiated 2 M. fortuitum strains showed different PFGE patterns with Xba I. Cluster analysis of the XbaI-PFGE patterns showed more complex grouping than AsnI-PFGE patterns, which showed that XbaI-PFGE analysis was better than AsnI-PFGE in M. fortuitum genotyping. The top dissimilarity values of AsnI-PFGE and XbaI-PFGE were 0.74 and 0.75, respectively. This value was higher than that of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) analysis and lower than that of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. This suggested that PFGE can be used as a supportive or alternative genotyping method to RFLP analysis.
DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis* ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Genotype ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Tuberculosis

The primary factors determining nasal tip outline are shape and position of the alar cartilages. The relation of the alar cartilages to the upper lateral cartilages, septum, and soft tissue envelope defines the conformation of the tip-lobule complex. Plunging tip is a condition as long nose, tip drooping and becomes more accentuated with aging. Hanging columella is a prominent downward bowing of the columella. Plunging tip and hanging columella are common causes of acute nasolabial angle.Correction of the plunging tip in the long nose is usually achieved satisfactorily through shortening of the lateral walls by excising an adequate amount of cartilage from the septal, lateral, and alar cartilage. Tip rotation in a cephalic direction can be achieved commonly by resection of the cephalic portion of the lateral crura, excision of a triangular segment of the caudal margin of the septum and a cartilaginous septal transfixion incision involving excision of a superiorly based triangle of septum with cephalic rotation of the entire nasal lobule.Modification of the caudal margin of the septum is done to achieve three goals: (1) cephalic rotation of the tip, (2) shortening of nasal length, and (3) alterations in the nasolabial angle. We have elevated and rotated in a cephalic direction nasal tip by means of resection of cephalic portion of lateral crura, resection of the caudal margin of the septum and mucous membrane, and /or invagination technique for correction of the plunging tip and hanging columella. From March 1996 to February 1998, we have performed the tip-plasty in 7 patients of the plunging tip and hanging columella. We have found good cosmetic results with improved nasolabial angle.
Aging ; Cartilage ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Nose

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; DNA* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Enterobacteriaceae* ; Starvation*

The DNA fragment containing the phoA of Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned into pACYC184. The size of the insert. was 4.0 kb and the restriction map showed it contained 3 Pstl sites and 4 PvuLI sites. The nucleotide sequence of the phoA region was determined, which showed strong (80%) sequence similarity with that of Escherichia coli. This suggested that these two species are phylogenetically very close to each other.
Base Sequence ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Operon*

BACKGROUND: Respiratory infection in pregnancy can cause various side effects and affect the fetus. Therefore, efforts to prevent infection during pregnancy are essential. This study investigated knowledge and compliance regarding the prevention of respiratory infection among pregnant women. METHODS: A survey was conducted on May 10, 2012 on 300 pregnant women who attended a maternity school education program in a tertiary care hospital. The responses of 259 women were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Only 2 women (0.8%) had been educated about respiratory infection prevention methods, while 106 (40.9%) experienced respiratory infection during pregnancy. The mean score of respiratory infection prevention knowledge was 11.63 out of 15 points (percentage of correct answers: 77.5%). The mean score for compliance to respiratory infection prevention was 32.34 out of 52 points (percentage of practice: 62.19%). Knowledge and compliance were found to be positively correlated. CONCLUSION: Although many pregnant women experience respiratory infection during pregnancy, few have opportunities to be educated about prevention. Thus, the positive correlation between knowledge and compliance highlights the need for respiratory infection prevention education programs.
Compliance ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Tertiary Healthcare

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cerclage, Cervical* ; Female ; Labor Stage, First* ; Pregnancy

Prenatal development of the thoracic aorta of the human during the period ranging from gestation weeks 7 (C-R length 20mm) to 30 (C-R length 260mm) was examined by transmission electron microscopy and the following results were obtained. The early form of cuboidal or columnar endothelial cells at 7-9 weeks of gestation changed gradually to typical flat endothelial cells at 12-14 weeks of gestation. At 9 weeks of gestation, the mesenchymal cells begin to differentiate to myoblasts, which have small clusters of myofilaments with dense bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum. And from 14 weeks the differentiating cells begin to form a parallel concentric lamellar structure. At 12th week of gestation, elastic fibers were first seen in subendothelial connective tissue and the intercellular spaces between smooth muscle cells. Elastic fibers appeared as small globular shape which composed of a central core of elastic and peripheral microfibrils. From this period the amount of elastic fibers and their aggregation increases gradually in both the subendothelial space and the intercellular spaces between smooth muscle cells. At 30th week of gestation, subendothelial elastic fibers almost completed the internal elastic lamina and also well formed elastic laminae were seen between the smooth muscle cells adjacent to endothelial cells. However, in the space between the smooth muscle cells near the adventitia the elastic lamina formation is delayed. In the adventitia elastic fiber were scanty but collagen fibers are abundant.
Adventitia ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Elastic Tissue ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Space ; Fetus* ; Humans* ; Microfibrils ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Myoblasts ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myofibrils ; Pregnancy

To clarify the developmental characteristics of fetal esophageal epithelium especially ciliated cell, expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cytokeratin (CK) in fetal esophageal mucosa (16-24 weeks of gestation) were studied immunohistochemically, and ultrastructure of the ciliated cells was also observed. The expressions of EGFR and CK were identified in labelled streptoavidine biotin immunohistochemical method. Primary antibodies used were EGFR (Ab-4) which is affinity-purified from hyperimmune rabbit sera (Oncogene Science) and monoclonal mouse anti-human cytokeratin (DAK0-CK, MNFl16). The esophageal lumen was lined with stratified ciliated columnar epithelium between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation. The pattern of expression Of EGFR was different with gestational age and epithelial layer. The ciliated cell exhibited variable staining intensity for EGFR at 16 weeks. Some were stained intensively, and others were stained faintly. Number of ciliated cells stained intensively were gradually increased, and most of them were strongly stained at 24 weeks. The superficial non-ciliated cells, however, showed relatively constant staining property of moderate to intense between 16 and 24 weeks. EGFR immunoreactivity was minimal in the basal and intermediate cells at 16 weeks, but became more intense at 24 weeks. CK immunoreactivity in the ciliated cells between 16 and 24 weeks was similar to that of EGFR immunoreactivity. On the other hand, superficial non-ciliated cells were intense for CK staining at 16 weeks, but were very weak to negative at 24 weeks. CK immunoreactivity was intense in basal and intermediate cells between 16 and 24 weeks, but it was almost negative in the some cells of intermediate layer, especially beneath negatively stained non-ciliated cells, at 24 weeks. In electron microscopy, ciliated cells had well organized cilia and dense granules close to Golgi apparatus between 16 and 24 weeks. The cells apparently active in ciliogenesis were also observed. These cells had short microvilli, many centrioles, and dense granules close to Golgi apparatus. The non-ciliated cells contained numerous clear vesicles adluminally clustered at 16 weeks, while they had many dense vesicles of about same size of clear vesicles at 24 weeks. These results demonstrate the expressions of EGFR and CK in esophageal epithelium of human fetus between 16 and 24 weeks of gestational ages, and suggest that the ciliated cells are still proliferative at 24 weeks.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Biotin ; Centrioles ; Cilia ; Epithelium* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Golgi Apparatus ; Hand ; Humans* ; Keratins ; Methods ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microvilli ; Mucous Membrane ; Pregnancy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor