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Cysts of the meniscus are rare lesion of the knee. They may present as a local tumor or mimic signs of an internal derangement of the knee. So it is difficult to diagnose and apt to overlook in physical examination. Also they almost always have combined pathology of the involved meniscus, such as, meniscal tear or discoid meniscus. The pathologic basis of the meniscal cyst is controversial, but rece 2. Most of the patients had tear of the involved meniscus, but the patients with discoid meniscus did not have gross tears or previous trauma history. nt works suggest the etiology is infiltration of joint fluid through micro and macro tears in the meniscus. In the past, complete excision of the meniscus as well as cyst was thought to be the treatment of choice to prevent recurrences. But nowadays, the trend is changed as preserving the involved meniscus, when no tear of the meniscus is found to prevent enevitable degenerative changes after total meniscectomy. We experienced 6 cases of meniscal cyst during recent 2 years and obtained following results. 1. Precise joint line evaluation is much more important in the diagnosis of the meniscal cyst before making special study. 2. Most of the patients had tears of the involved meniscus, but the patients with discoid meniscus did not have gross tears or previous trauma history. 3. When the cyst is located anteriorly in the joint line, it is prominent in flexed position of the knee; and when located posteriorly, prominent in extended position of the knee. 4. Excision of the cyst and reattachment of the meniscus were thought to be good method when the cyst was located in the parameinscal area without gross tear of the involved meniscus.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Methods ; Pathology ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Tears

In order to compare the corneal sensation after phacoemulsification and the planned extracapsular cataract extraction(p-ECCE), we studied 40 eyes of 31 patients prospetively. A Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was used to measure corneal sensitivity preoperatively and at one day, three day, one week, one month, and two months postoperatively, by the same surgeon using the same technique. There was no difference in corneal sensation between phacoemulsification and p-ECCE group preoperatively. The mean corneal sensitivity at 10:00(2:00) o`clock in phacoemulsificantion/p-ECCE was 17.3+/-7.0(18.2+/-6.7)/9.9+/-1.5(10.3+1.9), 22.1+/-6.9 (23.2+/-6.3)/14.1+/-2.3(14.3+/-2.3), 29.4+/-7.7(30.6+/-7.2)/17.7+2.2(18.7+/-2.2), 37.7+/-9.3(37.8+/-9.4)/26.3+/-7.9(27.7+/-8.4), 56.3+/-7.6(56.3+7.9)/59.2+/-3.8(59.4+/-2.7)mm after 1, 3, 7, 30, 60 days, respectively. Corneal sensation at the center and the 3, 6, and 9 o`clock positions was not changed in all eyes. Corenal sensitivity was significantly more recovered in phacoemulsification group than the p-ECCE group at postoperative onemonth(p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant difference in recovery of corneal sensation between phacoemulsification group and p-ECCE group at postoperative two months. Conclusively corneal sensation returned to peroperative level at two months postoperatively in both groups.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Sensation*

Injuries of the cervical spine from C3 down to C7 are complex and potentially devastating injuries. The treatment of this condition is complicated and controversial. However, there is an increasing tendency to stabilize unstsble cervical spine injuries surgically with the benefit of good stability of the spine, easy nursing care, early mobilization and rehabilotation. We analysed clinically the 26 patients with unstable lower cervical spine injuries st the department of orthopaedics, National Medical Center from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1988. The results obtained were as follows:1. The prevalent age distribution was between 20 and 50 years of age(71%), and the ratio between male and female was 6: l. 2. The most common cause of the injury was traffic accident(42%), and the most frequent mechanism of injury was distractive-flexion type(42%). 3. In the overall clinical evaluation, 73% of the patients were judged to have had excellent and good results, and the range of the motion was more limited in the patient who underwent posterior fusion due to wide level of fusion. 4. The patients with distractive-flexion injuries with minimal neurologic deficit were at risk of late instability following conservative treatment, and therefore open reduction and posterior fusion may be advisable. 5. The patients who were given posterior fusion were noted to have a few significant late changes, but the patient with anterior fusion carried a high incidence of progressive kyphotic deformity and persisting, pain. 6. When anterior fusion is used in the patient with posterior instability for the purpose of cord decompression, anterior cervical plate is valuable than the fusion with graft only in view of preventing progressive kyphotic deformity.
Age Distribution ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Nursing Care ; Spine ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and infertility. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies were analyzed by Diluted Russell's Viper Venom Test (DRVVT) and solid phase enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: In 200 patients with infertility, there were 6 cases (3%) with positive lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies. Of these, 3 patients (1.5%) showed positive lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies, respectively. In 120 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion, there were 13 cases (10.8%) of positive lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies. Of these, one patient (1%) showed lupus anticoagulants and 12 patients (10%) showed anticardiolipin antibodies. But in two groups, there was no cases with positive lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies. CONCLUSION: Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies are definite cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. There has been a speculation that they might be associated with infertility and repeated IVF failures. But it was found that the role of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies in these cases are not clear.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin* ; Anticoagulants* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Infertility* ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Russell's Viper ; Venoms

It is difficult to analyze the chemical compositions of aqueous humor because of the impossibility of collection of aqueous humor in normal situation, lack of analyzing technique, limited amount of aqueous humor. We measured the glucose concentration of aqueous humor both in cataractous patients with diabetes mellitus and in cataractous patients without diabetes mellitus, thus we compared and analyzed glucose concentration in aqueous humor and correlation between blood glucose con centration and aqueous humor glucose concentration in cataractous patients with diabetes. The mean concentration of glucose in aqueous houmor in diabetics was 92.81 +/- 35.58mg/dl and that of non-diabetics was 53.62 +/- 34.42mg/dl. Aqueous glucose concentration in diabetics was statistically significantly higher than that in non-diabetics.
Aqueous Humor* ; Blood Glucose ; Cataract* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose* ; Humans

The metastatic neoplasm is one of the common neoplasms in the orbit. It is also reported that the commonest origin of the metastatic neoplasm to the eye is the lung in men and the breast in women respectively. The authors experienced a case of metastatic papillary adenocarcinoma to the choroid posteriorly of both eyes. The metastatic lesions were also found in brain, cervical lymph node, lung and breast. The origin of the cancer was obscure in this study and could not be identified.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary* ; Brain ; Breast ; Choroid ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Orbit

To investigate the relationship of the density, thickness of lens nucleus and cortex with phacoemulsification time, we measured the preoperative density and length of lens nucleus and cortex of 100 eyes with a Scheimpflug camera. We performed phacoemulsification on the same phacoemulsification technique using a phacoemulsifier aspirator by the same surgeon. The preoperative mean values of the density of lens nucleus and cortex were 127. 09+/-57.44 and 30. 33+/-15. 24, respectively. The mean values of the thickness for both were 3.05+/-0.42mm and 0.65+/-0.17mm, respectively. The mean value of phacoemulsification time was 92.68+/-56.98 seconds. The phacoemulsification time was increased significantly as the density of lens nucleus was increased (P<0.0001). However, the thickness of the lens nucleus and cortex and the density of cortex had no significant effect on the phacoemulsification time (p=0. 235, p=0.811). Preoperative evaluation with a Scheimpflug camera is particularly valuable for cataractous patients with corneal endothelial disease deciding on phacoemulsification.
Cataract ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification*

The authors experienced a case of retinoblastoma in a two-year-old female who had recurrent hyphema and marked erythematous lid swelling. We treated her for orbital cellulitis and hyphema, but those lesions were not improved. Finally, we performed enucleation for confirming the etiology of a disease which was pathologically proven to be retinoblastoma.
Female ; Humans ; Hyphema* ; Orbit* ; Orbital Cellulitis* ; Retinoblastoma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of alpha1-adrenergic blocker on phacoemulsification and the preventive effect of adrenergic blocker (AB) cessation before cataract surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was performed involving 92 eyes of 60 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Cases were divided into three groups: the use of alpha1AB with discontinuance before surgery (32 eyes), the use of alpha1AB with no discontinuance before surgery before surgery (31 eyes), and eyes not treated with alpha1AB (29 eyes). Clinical measurements and intraoperative parameters were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Preoperative maximum pupil diameters of patients treated with alpha1AB were smaller than those of patients not administered alpha1AB (p = 0.027 and p = 0.018, respectively). The incidence of IFIS in the patients using of alpha1AB with discontinuance before surgery was 6.25%, and that in the patients using of alpha1AB with no discontinuance before surgery was 6.45%. There was no IFIS outbreak in the patients not using of alpha1AB. We noted no significant differences in absolute phaco time during phacoemulsification (p = 0.207) or in the three-month postoperative best corrected visual acuities among the three groups (p = 0.189). CONCLUSIONS: Importantly, there appears to be a significant correlation between alpha1AB and the development of IFIS. To prevent complications of IFIS, surgeons should be vigilant in identifying patients taking alpha1AB, checking the degree of preoperative pupil dilatation and anticipating intraoperative difficulties. In addition, appropriate modifications should be made to the surgical strategy. Furthermore there was no benefit to discontinuing alpha1AB treatment before cataract surgery in the prevention of IFIS.
Adrenergic Antagonists ; Cataract ; Dilatation ; Eye ; Humans ; Incidence ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies ; Pupil ; Visual Acuity