To clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of hemodialysis on lipid peroxidation in RBC membrane structures, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) which is the lipid peroxidation product, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined before and after hemodialysis in the RBCs from 20 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), and from 14 healthy subjects. Before dialysis, MDA levels in the RBCs from the patients with ESRD were higher than those from healthy controls. SOD and catalase activities in the RBCs were lower. After hemodialysis, MDA, SOD, and catalase in the RBCs from the patients with ESRD were normalized. These results indicate that hemodialysis treatment is helpful to protect the peroxidative darnage through normalizing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Catalase ; Dialysis ; Erythrocytes* ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde* ; Membranes ; Renal Dialysis* ; Superoxide Dismutase

No abstract available.
Macrophages* ; Mistletoe* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Edema* ; Hemofiltration*

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Edema* ; Hemofiltration*

BACKGROUND: Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has been found to posses immunostimulatory activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract might activate mouse peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). METHODS: Hemagglutination assay was carried out to examine whether M11C contained a lectin or not . To know the effect of M11C on the production of IL-1 beta, the macrophages were treated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated macrophages-conditioned media; MMCM). MMCM was analyzed for the IL-1 beta quantification and mRNA expression by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on IL-1 beta production from macrophages were 20 micro gram/ml and 8 hours, respectively . This ELISA data was reconfirmed by immunoblotting assay . indicating that M11C is a good candidate for an immunomodulator. The dose and time dependent effect s of M11C on the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA from macrophages was also shown in expression of mRNA detected by RT-PCR. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of IL-1 beta mRNA were 20 micro gram/ml and 4 hours, respectively . Maximum gene expression of IL-1 beta was much earlier than maximum production of it. CONCLUSION: As results, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C, may be used for an immunomodulator. This will be able to make up for and solve the problems caused by existent immunoagent with many adverse effects through many other studies in future including one molecule extraction.
Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Hemagglutination ; Immunoblotting ; Interleukin-1beta ; Macrophages* ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; RNA, Messenger

Arteriovenous fistulae(AVF) are well documented complications of percutaneous renal biopsy. Between August 1995 and April 1997, we prospectively studied 280 consecutive ultransound-guided percutaneous renal biopsies to evaluate the incidence of post-biopsy AVF and its natural course. All biopsies patients were monitored through a routine follow-up echo-color popple sonography at post-biopsy 1, 7, 14 and 30 days. The 28 patients(10%) out of 280 consecutive percutaneous renal biopses were diagnosed to have AVF. There was no differences in the incidence of AVF between native and transplanted kidney biopsy. Most AVF were small(<2cm) and caused minimal or no symptoms. AVF was accompanied with large hematoma(thickness above 2cm) was observed in 9 cases(53%) of 17 native kidneys and none in 10 transplanted kidneys. This difference was statistically significant(P=0.008). At follow-up, AVF resolved spontaneously in 24 cases(87%). In two patients(7.1%) required superselective arterial embolization, one develoved spontaneous rupture of AVF, and one had persistence of AVF over 12 months. We concluded that color Doppler sonography provides a good, non-invasive and safe method for diagnosis and follow up of post-biopsy AVF.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Kidney ; Prospective Studies ; Rupture, Spontaneous

A prospective randomised trial was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy according to the time interval and the efficacy of endoscopic injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine(HS- E)solution, consisting of 3.5% sodium chloride with 0.0045% epinephrine, for actively bleeding peptic ulcers, exposed vessel or blood clot on ulcer bed, or Mallory-Weiss tear. Over 24 month, emergency endoscopy in 180 patients admitted for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage identified 51 patients with nonvariceal hemorrhage. The causes of bleeding were; gastric ulcer in 32; duodenal ulcer in 13; gastric cancer in 4; Mallory-Weiss tear in 2. With this method, the hemostatic effect was permanent in 40 cases(84.3%), temporary in 9 cases(11.8%), and failed in 2 cases(3.9%). By applying this method, the rate of emergency operation for patients with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract was significantly reduced from 20.0% (8/40)to 3.9%(2/51)(p<0.05). Emergency endoscopy in acute UGI bleeding increases the accuracy of detection of actual bleeding sites(p<0.05), but if the endoscopic procedure was performed within 48 hours, the hemostatic rate was not affected(p<0.05). We concluded that hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection method could provide a simple maneuver with reasonable cost, high safety, and satisfactory hemostatic efficacy in the treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Duodenal Ulcer ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Epinephrine* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Mallory-Weiss Syndrome ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium Chloride ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract*

Currently, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) is the most widely used method for treating and eradicating acutely bleeding esophageal varices in repeated sessions, but may be associated with some undesirable local and systemic complications. (continue...)
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Esophagus ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Varicose Veins

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Temporary soft relining materials are used in a diverse clinical situations such as tissue conditioner, relining material, functional impression by varying its viscoelasticity. However, reproduction of consistent viscoelasticity has been not possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Considering setting mechanism of this material, this study has measured the effect of varying amount of void in dynamic viscoelasticity of soft relining material, with three different mixing methods. In each methods 10 specimens were made and subjected to dynamic viscoelastic test which were measured at specific times over period of 72 hours. RESULTS: The analysis of the result shown that there was no statistically significant differences between different mixing methods. CONCLUSION: Different mixing methods had no effect over control of viscoelasticity of soft lining material. Further research is recommended for under similar oral environmental condition.
Reproduction

The patients with end stage renal disease show several complications such as artherosclerosis, anemia and increased susceptibility to infection by damage due to oxygen free radicals. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is directly linked to the fate of the highly reactive oxygen metabolites. If there is an alteration in the activity of SOD, this alteration may contribute to the complications by reactive oxygen species in patients with end stage renal disease. In this experiment, SOD activity and the effect of cyanate on the activity of SOD was studied to understand the mechanism of several complications mediated by oxygen free radicals in patients with end stage renal disease. SOD activity in the plasma and erythrocytes from patients with end stage renal disease was significantly lower than those from healthy controls. It is known that underproduction of SOD leads to excess production of superoxide and reduced iron favoring hydroxyl radical formation. The results in this experiment suggest that there is an overproduction of superoxide anion in patients with end stage renal disease. The overproduction of superoxide anion may contribute the patients with end stage renal disease susceptible to oxidant damages. To evaluate if cyanate could carbamylate SOD, SOD was incubated with cyanate. The level of carbamylated SOD increased as the time of exposure to cyanate increased from 0 hour to 72 hours. Furthermore, the degree of carbamylation of SOD increased as cyanate concentration in the incubation media rose from 20mM to 1M. There appears to be a maximum degree of carbamylation at a concentration of 1,000mM cyanate. To test the hypothesis that in vitro carbamylation of SOD alters its biological activity, SOD activity was measured after incubation with cyanate. The activity of carbamylated SOD decreased as the time of exposure to cyanate increased from 0 hour to 72 hours. Furthermore, the activity of carbamylated SOD decreased as cyanate concentration in the incubation media rose from 20mM to 1M and when albumin was added to the reaction mixture, the loss of SOD activity was prevented. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that SOD is also carbamylated and lost biological activity in end stage renal disease patients by cyanate, and that the degree of carbamylation depends on both the concentration of cyanate and the length of exposure. Also, these suggest that albumin may prevent carbamylation of SOD at least in vitro condition.
Anemia ; Erythrocytes ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides* ; Uremia