Trigeminal neuropathy os characterized by unremitting facial pain, no evident trigger point and facial sensory change. According to Jannetta, in trigeminal neuropathy, the offending artery is not necessarily in contact with the root entry zone(REZ) but any site of the nerve. We have recently experienced a 48-year-old woman with symptoms and signs compatible with trigeminal neuropathy and explored the CP angle. SCA was crossing just anterior to the trigeminal root and one small arterial loop was lying on the pons close to the root entry zone(REZ) but neither of them was in diirect contact with the nerve. Teflon felt was inserted between the arteries and nerve and secured with silk and beriplast for fear that they should contact by changing position. Immediately after the operation the facial pain and pre-existing facial sensory change were completely gone.
Arteries ; Deception ; Facial Pain ; Female ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Humans ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Pons ; Silk ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases* ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; Trigger Points

ERCP may provide more definite diagnosis, preoperative guidance, and endoscopic therapy in many children with known and suspected disorders of the pancreas or biliary tract. To our knowledge, there has been rare case of ERCP in children and no reported case of ERCP performed in inf~int less than 2 years old in Korea. We report a case of KRCP performed in 26 month old girl who was admitted to evaluate jaundice. We diagnosed CBD stones and choledochal cyst, Todani type III containiaig stones by ERCP. After endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST), removal of stones, and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(END) her bilirubin level normalized about 2 months later.
Biliary Tract ; Bilirubin ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Pancreas ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

PURPOSE: Normal gallbladder mucosa shows unique and diverse patterns of mucin genes, and altered mucin expressions have been noted in the gallbladders with stones, dysplasia or carcinomas. The aim of this study was to characterize the expressions of MUC gene proteins in cholecystitis, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Differences of MUCs expressions according to the histopathologic parameters in gallbladder carcinomas were also studied. METHODS: Three tissue microarray blocks were made from 23 cases of cholecystitis, 40 cases of gallbladder adenoma, and 66 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6 were performed, and staining intensity and patterns were evaluated. RESULTS: MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6 were overexpressed in 86 (66.7%), 20 (15.5%), 68 (52.7%), 74 (57.4%) and 47 (36.4%) of gallbladder lesions, respectively. MUC1 and MUC2 overexpression rates were higher in gallbladder carcinoma than in cholecystitis and gallbladder adenoma (P<0.05). MUC6 overexpression rate was higher in gallbladder adenoma than in cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma (P<0.05). Overexpression of MUC4 and MUC5AC showed no significant differences in cholecystitis, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder carcinoma. In gallbladder carcinomas MUC1 overexpression rate was high in cases with deeper tumor invasion (P<0.05). MUC6 overexpression rate decreased in cases with larger tumor (P<0.05), higher histologic grade (P=NS), and deeper invasion (P=NS). MUC2, MUC4 and MUC5AC overexpression rates had no relations to the histopathologic parameters. CONCLUSION: Carcinomatous change of gallbladder may be related to MUC1 and MUC2 overexpressions. MUC1 overexpression seems to be related to aggressive biologic behavior of gallbladder carcinoma. MUC6 overexpression acts as a good prognostic factor.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma* ; Cholecystitis* ; Coloring Agents ; Gallbladder* ; Mucins ; Mucous Membrane ; Proteins*

To evaluate the prognostic importance of chromosomal instability (CIN) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, the relationship between CIN detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and survival in SCC patients was examined. Forty-seven surgical specimens of lung SCC were analyzed. To identify tumors with CIN, p16 and multi-target DNA FISH assays for c-myc, chromosome 6, EGFR, and chromosome 5 (LAVysion, Vysis) were performed on nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Survival rates were compared in terms of age, T factor, N factor, CIN, and smoking status. A sample was defined as CIN-positive if at least four of the five chromosomes were positive. Among the 47 specimens, 9 (19%) were CIN-positive. The overall survival rate was 66%. Overall survival rates were estimated as 33.3% for CIN-positive patients and 76.7% for CIN-negative patients (Hazard ratio 3.47; 95% Confidence interval, 1.25-9.67; P=0.017). In multivariate analysis, the presence of CIN was a predictive factor for survival. CIN-positive based on FISH can be prognostic factor of lung SCC.