The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular malformation. Patients with BAV are at higher risk of other congenital cardiovascular malformations and valvular dysfunction, including aortic stenosis/regurgitation and infective endocarditis. BAV may also be related to aortic wall abnormalities such as aortic dilatation, aneurysm, and dissection. The morphology of the BAV varies with the presence and position of the raphe and is associated with the type of valvular dysfunction and aortopathy. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and effective treatment at an early stage are essential to prevent complications in patients with BAV. This pictorial essay highlights the characteristics of BAV and its related congenital cardiovascular malformations, valvular dysfunction, aortopathy, and other rare cardiac complications using multimodal imaging.

No abstract available.
Anaphylaxis* ; Immunoglobulin G*

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Lasers, Gas*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Veterinarians*

No abstract available.
Forehead* ; Methylmethacrylate*

Hip fracture is much more common after the age of 65 year old, and this malady has increased because to the longer average life span with the advances of medical care. Despite the development of the treatments and rehabilitation techniques, hip fracture is well known for having high rates of complications and mortality. The risk factors, mechanisms of injury and the underline disease of hip fracture are also well known, and this has helped these patients to recover as soon as possible and to walk and move earlier after appropriate surgical operations. Most fractures must be treated by an open operation and performing rigid internal fixation or arthroplasty. We report here on the major operational treatments for femur neck fracture and intertrochanter fracture.
Arthroplasty ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of pharmacologic treatment of amatoxin poisoning patients. METHODS: Literature was accessed through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, KoreaMed, KISS and KMBASE. Studies relevant to human use of pharmacologic therapy including silymarin, penicillin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for amanita poisoning were included. Case reports, letters, editorials and papers with insufficient information were excluded. Comparison of clinical outcomes (especially mortality and liver transplantation rate) in each study was analyzed. RESULTS: The final analysis included 13 retrospective studies. None of these studies showed direct comparisons of individual agents. Among 12 studies comparing silymarin vs penicillin, eight showed clinical superiority of silymarin. Among eight studies comparing silymarin with NAC, six showed clinical superiority of silymarin. Among seven studies of NAC vs penicillin, five showed clinical superiority of NAC. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggested that clinical superiority of various pharmacological agents used to treat amatoxin poisoning is debatable. Nevertheless, the available evidence suggests it is reasonable to consider combinations of multiple agents for patients with amanita poisoning. Further studies are required to establish a treatment regimen for amanita poisoning.
Acetylcysteine* ; Amanita ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Mortality ; Penicillins* ; Poisoning* ; Retrospective Studies ; Silymarin* ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease, which predominantly occurs in children under the age of 5 years. However, there are fewer cases of KD in infants younger than 6 months, which makes it difficult to diagnose. We investigated the clinical manifestations of KD in this age group and compared them with those in the older age group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 239 patients with KD admitted to the Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital from January 2013 to June 2015. The data were categorized into 2 groups by age: Group A (≤6 months, n=26) and Group B (>6 months, n=213). RESULTS: Group A had a longer hospitalization period than Group B (6.69 vs. 5.19 days, p=0.002). Group A had fewer clinical manifestations upon admission, due to which there was a higher incidence of incomplete KD (1.88 vs. 3.54 of the diagnostic criteria, p<0.05; and 19.2% vs. 4.2% incomplete KD incidence, p=0.002). The rate of cardiac complications was higher in Group A (30.8% vs. 11.7%, p=0.011). CONCLUSION: The rate of cardiac complications of the patients younger than 6 months was significantly higher than that of the older patients. Therefore, infants younger than 6 months with unexplained fever for more than 5 days should be suspected as having KD, even if the principal clinical features are not fully presented. Echocardiography must be appropriately used for diagnosis of KD in suspected patients.
Child ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Fever ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Medical Records ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare symptoms, medical therapies, and nursing interventions with terminal cancer patients during the last four weeks of their lives in a hospice unit and general units. METHOD: For the descriptive survey study, data were collected by reviewing the medical records of 243 patients who died of terminal cancer at K hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed by using Chi-square test and t-test. RESULT: The study findings are summarized as follows: There were higher frequencies in physical symptoms of constipation, itching sensation, pain, sleeping disturbance, soreness and dysuria for those patients in the hospice unit than those patient in general units. All emotional symptoms were recorded significantly higher for those patients in the hospice unit than those in general units. Regarding the major medical interventions, pain management was used more significantly for those patients in the hospice unit, but antibiotic therapy and resuscitation were used more significantly for those patients in general units. CONCLUSION: The hospice unit provided more comprehensive nursing interventions including psychological, spiritual, and family cares as well as physiological care for terminal cancer patients. The facts showed that those patients who would need hospice care in general units should be referred to the hospice unit at an appropriate time.
Constipation ; Dysuria ; Hospice Care ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nursing* ; Pain Management ; Pruritus ; Resuscitation ; Sensation ; Seoul

PURPOSE: To describe a case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis presenting with lower lid angioedema. CASE SUMMARY: A 35-year-old female patient for the past 3 years experienced lower lid edema in her left eye after exercising. In the treadmill exercise test, sneezing, coughing, and lower lid edema in her left eye appeared 13 minutes after initiating exercise. Additionally, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed minimal soft tissue thickening of the left inferior periorbital subcutaneous area with subtle enhancement after exercise. The serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) test showed elevated total IgE levels. The patient was diagnosed with exercise-induced anaphylaxis based on the above results. We informed the patient on her trigger factors and possible symptoms and prescribed an oral antihistamine and steroid. CONCLUSIONS: In patients presenting with facial edema or eyelid edema after exercise, the possibility of exercise-induced anaphylaxis should be considered. In addition, we have to aware of possibility of complication such as airway obstruction or a life-threatening condition, and it is needed to prevent a recurrence of anaphylaxis by cooperating with other department.
Adult ; Airway Obstruction ; Anaphylaxis* ; Angioedema* ; Cough ; Edema ; Exercise Test ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Recurrence ; Sneezing