No Abstract available.
Catheter-Related Infections*

Heterotopic pregnancy is named when an extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy coexists with an intrauterine pregnancy simultaneously by many causes such as PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), endometriosis, IUD (intrauterine device), previous pelvic surgery and others. This is very rare in general population, with a range of occurrence estimated between 1:7963 and 1:30000. But recently the incidence has increased as the uses of ARTs (assisted reproductive technologies) including ovulation induction, IVF-ET (in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer) and GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) increase. Because this has high maternal morbidity, mortality and fetal loss, early diagnosis and proper management is very important. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy following IVF-ET with a brief review.
Early Diagnosis ; Embryonic Structures ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Fertilization ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Heterotopic*

This article was withdrawn by the authors' request.

This article was withdrawn by the authors' request.

No abstract available.
Uterus*

Purpose: New therapeutic approaches have emerged to improve gait ability in patients with brain damage, such as action observation learning (AOT), auditory cueing, motor imagery etc. We attempted to investigate the effects of AOT with auditory cueing (AOTAC) on gait function in patients with stroke. Methods: The eighteen stroke patients with a unilateral hemiparesis were randomly divided into three groups; the AOTAC, AOT, and control groups. The AOTAC group (n = 8) received training via observing a video that showed normal gait with sound of footsteps as an auditory cue; the AOT group (n = 6) receive action observation without auditory stimulation; the control group (n = 5) observed the landscape video image. Intervention time of three groups was 30 minutes per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Gait parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, stance phase, and swing phase were collected in all patients before and after each training session. Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, and stance/swing phase. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the AOTAC group had a greater significant change in all of parameters, compared with the AOT and control groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AOTAC may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve gait symmetry and function in patients with stroke. We believe that this effect is attributable to the change of cortical excitability on motor related to cortical areas.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single dose imipramine on nocturnal urine output in patients with nocturnal enuresis. METHODS:A total of 6 monosymptomatic enuretic patients of more than 5 years of age were enrolled in this study. We measured nocturnal urine output, urine osrnolality, creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, excretion rate of solutes, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and plasma vasopressin with and without a single oral dose of imipramine(lmg/kg of body weight) at 8 p.m. RESULTS: The administration of imipramine was followed by a significant decrease in noctumal urine output(P=0.02). Urine osmolality was not significantly increased(P>0.05), but osmolal clearance was significantly decreased during imipramine medication(P=0.03). Urinary excretion rate of sodium and potassium showed a statistically insignificant trend toward lower values during imipramine administration in nocturnal enuretics. Fractional urinary excretion of sodium and potassium was significantly decreased during imipramine medication(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma vasopressin level and creatinine clearance in nocturnal enuretics after imipramine. CONCLUSION: Imipramine has a vasopressin independent antidiuretic effect in patients with nocturnal enuresis. The antidiuretic effect of imipramine can be attributed prirnarily to increased a-adrenergic stimulation in the proximal tubules with secondary increased urea and water reabsorption more distally in the nephron. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:792 - 797)
Antidiuretic Agents ; Creatinine ; Enuresis ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Nephrons ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Urea ; Vasopressins

BACKGROUND: Studies of immune response for cancer have demonstrated that the antitumor immune response plays a role in competing against the growth of cancer cells and is frequently altered in advanced cancer. METHODS: We evaluated the changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets during preoperative and postoperative periods according to the time sequence of the postoperative condition in gastrointestinal carcinoma patients. Lymphocyte surface markers were determined in 39 stomach cancer patients and 33 colon cancer patients by using the indirect immunofluorescence technique with monoclonal antibodies. The patient's body weights, hemoglobin, hematocrits, total protein, and albumin were also measured preoperatively at and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There were significant differences of clinico-laboratory findings between the preoperative and the postoperative periods except for hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin in postoperative course. The total leukocyte count significantly decreased from the postoperative 6th month. The lymphocyte count significantly increased from the postoperative 3rd month. The granulocytes decreased significantly in the postoperative 6th month. The T cells and B cells decreased in the postoperative 3rd month and 1st month, respectively. CD8 increased in the postoperative 3rd month and NK cells also increased in the postoperative 3rd, 6th and 24th months. Other peripheral lymphocytes and their subsets showed no significant differences. The changes in the lymphocyte subsets according to stage were not statistically significant (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative changes in lymphocytes, granulocytes, and NK cells were significantly different compared with preoperative levels, but these results did not correlate with postoperative survival and recurrence rate because of the short postoperative follow-up periods.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes ; Body Weight ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granulocytes ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes* ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms ; T-Lymphocytes

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the essential symptoms for diagnosing Hwabyung. METHODS: We assessed 221 patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, adjustment disorder, and so-called Hwabyung, using a structured diagnostic interview schedule that included the Korean version of SCID-I and the preliminary diagnostic criteria for Hwabyung. To select essential symptoms for diagnosing Hwabyung, we performed statistical analyses including factor analysis and logistic regression RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that sensations of heat, an epigastric mass, and something pushing up in the chest ; feelings of unfair treatment ; anger ; respiratory stuffiness ; palpitations; headaches ; sighing ;"haan" ; depressive mood ; frightening easily ; dry mouth; and many thoughts were the essential symptoms for a diagnosis of Hwabyung. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we suggest a research diagnostic criteria for Hwabyung.
Adjustment Disorders ; Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Appointments and Schedules ; Depressive Disorder ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Headache ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Sensation ; Somatoform Disorders ; Thorax

PURPOSE: Few studies have addressed the effect of diurnal circadian rhythms on postural stability, and thus the aim of the present study was to examine circadian effects on static and dynamic postural stability in young adults. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects (9 men, 11 women: age=22.20±1.77, height=167.20±10.47, weight=59.85±10.66) from a university community volunteered for this study. Static and dynamic balance testing, which recorded using a Good Balance system (Good Balance, Metitur Ltd, Finland) was conducted at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00 hours on two consecutive days, and the sequencing of static and dynamic balance tests were randomized. Results were analyzed using the non-parametric one-way repeated Friedman test in SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and variable found to be significant were subjected to Wilcoxon post hoc testing. RESULTS: Static and dynamic balance showed significant difference at the three times assessments (test at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00) during circadian. In the post hoc test of static (anteroposterior distance, mediolateral distance and COP (center of pressure) velocity) and dynamic balance (performance time), 13:00 was the longer and faster than 9:00. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that control of postural balance is influenced by diurnal circadian rhythms, and confirm that control of postural balance is more effective and better performance in the 09:00 hours than 13:00 hours or 17:00 hours.
Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postural Balance ; Young Adult*