The traditional aesthetic blepharoplasty has limitations in correcting the heaviness and bulkiness of the lateral orbital region. These limitation is due to presence of sub-orbicularis oculus fat(SOOF) which is defined as that layer of fibrofatty soft tissue deep to the orbicularis oculus muscle, superficial to orbital septum and orbital rim, and extending medially from supraorbital nerve and laterally to varying distance over the lateral upper orbit. Therefore authors performed resections of the SOOF in conjunction with aesthetic blepharoplasty in 15 patients, who visited the clinic with complaints of thickness and heaviness over their lateral eyebrow, often accompanied by tired or sad-looking appearance. We believe that in these patients the heaviness. bulkiness and fullness in the lateral upper orbital region were corrected effectively and smoothly in aesthetical aspect. No patients developed postoperative hematoma, dry eye syndrome, lacrimal gland injury and significant paralysis of the orbicularis oculus of corrugator muscle. Our department performed the SOOF resection to those who had bulkiness and heaviness in lateral upper orbital region. From this experience, the SOOF resection would appear to be a useful adjunct to standard blepharoplasty technique in selected patients. Since we achieved a satisfactory result aesthetically through this method on patients who showed proper indications, we are recording the indications, operative techniques and complications in addition to review of reference.
Blepharoplasty* ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Eyebrows ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Orbit ; Paralysis

OBJECTIVE: This study is proposed to examine the relationship between bone loss after hormone replacement therapy for one year and initial bone markers. METHODS: One hundred postmenopausal women were studied for one year. At first visit, measurements were made of bone mineral density(BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and of serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline. After hormone replacement therapy was done for one year, BMD was rechecked. RESULTS: Serum osteocalcin was correlated with the rate of bone change(r=0.150, 0.262) and urine deoxypyridinoline was weakly correlated(r=-0.003, 0.038). The changes of femoral BMD in women with higher concentration of osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline were significant different from those in women with normal concentration. At the lumbar spine, no significant differences were showed. In women with higher concentration of osteocalcin, the incidence of subjects with increased spine BMD was increased up to around 71.1%, which showed not significant increase compared with normal concentration of osteocalcin. And the incidence of increased spine BMD in women with higher concentration of osteocalcin was marked increased compared with the incidence of normal concentration. The level of the osteocalcin with increased spine BMD was 11.5+/-6.6 ng/ml, and the level with decreased spine BMD was 9.2+/-4.7 ng/ml, respectively. And the level of the deoxypyridinoline was 7.2+/-4.2 pmol/ mol cr in women with increased spine BMD and 7.2+/-2.7 pmol/ mol cr in women with decreased spine BMD, which was not statistically different. The concentration of deoxypyridinoline with increased and decreased in BMD in spine and femur was not statistically different. but the concentration of osteocalcin was 12.2 +/-5.5 ng/ml in significantly increased in BMD and 8.5 +/-4.5ng/ml in significantly decreased in BMD, which was showed significant different. CONCLUSION: Present study indicates that the serum osteocalcin more reflcets bone turnover changes at the menopause than deoxypyridinoline, however, the clinical utility of measurements of osteocalcin only to response to therapy is uncertain.
Bone Density* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Menopause ; Osteocalcin ; Spine

No abstract available.
Scalp* ; Skin* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple*

OBJECTIVES: It has been constantly reported that mismatch negativity (MMN) is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. However, the mechanism which relates impaired MMN and schizophrenia is not clear yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between MMN and clinical variables including functional status in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: The present study assessed MMN using passive auditory oddball task in 26 patients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy controls. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance with age as a covariate was carried out for comparing peak amplitude and latency of MMN at 8 central line electrodes (FPz, Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, Pz, POz, Oz) across groups. Pearson's correlation was performed to reveal the relationship between MMN and clinical variables including neurocognitive test results and the Global Assessment of Functioning score. RESULTS: MMN amplitude was significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. Pearson's correlation showed that subsets of short form of Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale scores and GAF scores were associated with MMN amplitude in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that MMN amplitude is associated with current functional status including cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Goldenhar Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Humans ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: It has been documented that certain prognostic factors may affect the outcomes of the old aged victims by trauma. Considering that trauma is the sixth most common cause of death in people over the age of 65 years and there is a rapid growth of elderly population, it is paramount to understand the prognostic factors when dealing with geriatric trauma patients. Hypothesis and Goals : It can be hypothesized that the prognostic factors should be determined independently between populations being consisted of different races, countries, socio-economic states, cultures, or so on. Thus, study was designed to evaluate the factors affecting the outcomes of elderly Korean trauma patients. METHODS: One hundred forty six patients aged over 65 years were retrospectively reviewed, who visited the Emergency Canter of Korea University from January, 1997 to June, 1998. Of 146 patients, 7 were excluded due to discharge against advice or transfer to the other hospitals. Parameters analysed were age, sex, mechanism of injuries, body region injured, Injury Severity Score (ISS), previous medical illness, hospital morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and cost. Each patient was classified into improved or not-improved groups depending on the outcomes, and young-old or old-old group depending on the age. The factors affecting the hospital stay in improved patients were analyzed in the parameters of previous medical illness, hospital morbidity, multiple injuries, ISS, and age. All statistical tests were conducted with two-tailed levels of 0.05. RESULTS: Of 139 patients, the mean age was 74+/-7.1 years, mean ISS 9.3+/-7.26, mean hospital stay 27+/-27.1 days. Most commonly injured body region was the extremities due to fall from a level surface. Rate of previous illness showed 0.94 medical diseases per person and were aggravated after trauma in 39 patients (60.9%). Hospital morbidity rate was 0.46 incidents per person. There were no differences in age and duration of hospital stay between the improved and the not-improved group. Substantial differences were noted in affected body region, incidence of previous illness, and hospital morbidity between the groups (p=NS). Not-improved group had higher ISS (p<0.05). ISS, previous illness and hospital morbidity affected the duration of hospital stay in the improved group. Hospital stay was 40+/-25.1 days in patients with ISS over 6 while 6+/-8.6 days in those with ISS 5 (p<0.05). Hospital stay in the improved was 26+/-26.9 days while 31+/- 24.8 days in the improved old-old group (P=NS). Hospital stay in the young-old minor trauma (ISS5) patients with previous illness and hospital morbidity was 26+/-10.1 days while 4+/-7.3 days in those without previous illness and hospital morbidity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous medical illness and hospital morbidity, not age, are predictive of outcomes of geriatric trauma patients with respect to hospital stay. As most of the hospital morbidity was a trauma-induced aggravation of previous medical illness and hospital morbidity contributing poor outcomes can be potentially avoidable, routine aggressive care far the geriatric trauma patients with previous medical illnesses is needed.
Aged ; Body Regions ; Cause of Death ; Continental Population Groups ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injury Severity Score ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Multiple Trauma ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 gene and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes are associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). METHODS: A total of 157 patients with OPLL and 222 controls were recruited for a case control association study investigating the relationship between SNPs of FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR2 and OPLL. To identify the association among polymorphisms of FGF2 gene, FGFR1, FGFR2 genes and OPLL, the authors genotyped 9 SNPs of the genes (FGF2 : rs1476217, rs308395, rs308397, and rs3747676; FGFR1 : rs13317 and rs2467531; FGFR2 : rs755793, rs1047100, and rs3135831) using direct sequencing method. SNPs data were analyzed using the SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer, Haploview, and Helixtree programs. RESULTS: Of the SNPs, a SNP (rs13317) in FGFR1 was significantly associated with the susceptibility of OPLL in the codominant (odds ratio=1.35, 95% confidence interval=1.01-1.81, p=0.048) and recessive model (odds ratio=2.00, 95% confidence interval=1.11-3.59, p=0.020). The analysis adjusted for associated condition showed that the SNP of rs1476217 (p=0.03), rs3747676 (p=0.01) polymorphisms in the FGF2 were associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and rs1476217 (p=0.01) in the FGF2 was associated with ossification of the ligament flavum (OLF). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that an FGFR1 SNP was significantly associated with OPLL and that a SNP in FGF2 was associated with conditions that were comorbid with OPLL (DISH and OLF).
Case-Control Studies ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal ; Ligaments ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Receptors, Growth Factor

PURPOSE: This study is to evaluate the visual prognosis according to the ocular morbidity of the fellow eye in a national university hospital located in rural area. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 390 eyes of 315 patients who had undergone cataract surgery. We assessed the change of postoperative visual acuity and the state of preoperative fellow eye. RESULTS: The age at cataract surgery was the highest in the sixties (29.2%) and seventies (27.7%). The patients older than 80 of age were 10.0%. Preoperative ocular co morbidities (23.3%) were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, corneal opacity, uveitis, etc. Preoperatively, 91.3% of all cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but 3 months after surgery, 72.1% of all had 0.5 or better. At postoperative 3 months, 27.9% showed visual acuity of 0.4 or less and the ocular co morbidities were found in 67.0%. Preoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1 in the fellow eye was 10.2%. Preoperatively, 97.5% of these cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but only 40% had 0.5 or better postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity were poor in patients whose preoperative visual acuity was less than 0.1 in the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: The age at cataract surgery was the highest in the sixties (29.2%) and seventies (27.7%). The patients older than 80 of age were 10.0%. Preoperative ocular co morbidities (23.3%) were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, corneal opacity, uveitis, etc. Preoperatively, 91.3% of all cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but 3 months after surgery, 72.1% of all had 0.5 or better. At postoperative 3 months, 27.9% showed visual acuity of 0.4 or less and the ocular co morbidities were found in 67.0%. Preoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1 in the fellow eye was 10.2%. Preoperatively, 97.5% of these cases had a visual acuity of 0.4 or lower, but only 40% had 0.5 or better postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity were poor in patients whose preoperative visual acuity was less than 0.1 in the fellow eye.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Corneal Opacity ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity