The aims of this study were to assess the role of p53 overexpression in colorectal tumorigenesis and the association with clinicopathological features. The immunohistochemical results were semiquantitatively assessed. Expression of aberrant p53, tumor-suppressor gene product, was studied immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody in 11 nonneoplastic polyps, 19 tubular adenomas, 9 villous adenomas, and 48 colorectal carcinomas. Five out of 11 nonneoplastic polyps, 14 out of 19 tubular adenomas and one out of 9 villous adenomas expressed p53 protein. Seven out of 24 colorectal carcinomas without lymph node metastasis and 14 out of 24 colorectal carcinomas with lymph node metastsis expressed p53 protein. The case of more than 75% positivity of p53 in colorectal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was seven out of 24, but that in lymph node negative group was two out of 24. In the colorectal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis group; metastatic intranodal neoplastic cells were expressed positively for p53 in 10 out of 14 cases and zero out of 10 cases in group of positive and negative expression of primary lesions, respectively. p53 protein expression was not significantly correlated with variable clinicopathologic features such as age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, differentiation and Dukes' stage. It is suggested that p53 protein overexpression could be a early event in pathogenesis of colon cancer but is not involved in progression of villous adenoma to adenocarcinoma. p53 overexpression seems to be involved in metastatic ability of colorectal carcinomas.
Adenoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, to determine factors influencing their burnout, and to provide basic data for development of intervention programs to prevent the burnout. METHODS: Subjects of this study were all 119 rescuers working at fire stations located in Busan and Gyeongnam. The data were collected from May 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: When the difference in the degree of burnout by general characteristics was investigated, the means of burnout were significantly different depending on age, period of service, position, license, annual salary, desire to work continuously and types of working hours. Job stress, job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem showed a statistically significant correlation with burnout. The degree of burnout became higher with more job stress and lower job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem. As a significant factor affecting the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, job stress showed 47.3% of explanatory power. The explanatory power of all of job stress, job satisfaction, self efficacy, types of working hours, annual salary and license was 62% and the power of job stress was the highest. CONCLUSION: From these results, job stress, job satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to be factors affecting the burnout of 119 rescuers. Therefore, intervention programs to reduce job stress and to improve job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem should be developed to lower the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers. In addition, further researches to analyze works of 119 rescuers and legal and institutional strategies to improve their treatment are necessary and supplementary training in various practices by different circumstances based on standardized protocols should be conducted.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Fires ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Licensure ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, to determine factors influencing their burnout, and to provide basic data for development of intervention programs to prevent the burnout. METHODS: Subjects of this study were all 119 rescuers working at fire stations located in Busan and Gyeongnam. The data were collected from May 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: When the difference in the degree of burnout by general characteristics was investigated, the means of burnout were significantly different depending on age, period of service, position, license, annual salary, desire to work continuously and types of working hours. Job stress, job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem showed a statistically significant correlation with burnout. The degree of burnout became higher with more job stress and lower job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem. As a significant factor affecting the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, job stress showed 47.3% of explanatory power. The explanatory power of all of job stress, job satisfaction, self efficacy, types of working hours, annual salary and license was 62% and the power of job stress was the highest. CONCLUSION: From these results, job stress, job satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to be factors affecting the burnout of 119 rescuers. Therefore, intervention programs to reduce job stress and to improve job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem should be developed to lower the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers. In addition, further researches to analyze works of 119 rescuers and legal and institutional strategies to improve their treatment are necessary and supplementary training in various practices by different circumstances based on standardized protocols should be conducted.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Fires ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Licensure ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy

No abstract available.
Hemoglobin A* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Postpartum Period*

No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Prospective Studies* ; Rupture*

Purpose: This study to identify valuated the competency in nursing leadership among new nurses through the perception of nursing managers. Methods: This a total of 136 nursing managers from two general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area were included in this study. Nursing leadership competencies in new nurses were measured using the Student Leadership Practices Inventory developed by Kouzes and Posner. We identified priorities in the development of nursing leadership competencies for new nurses. Results: The overall importance and performance of nursing leadership competencies for new nurses were assessed by nursing managers at an average of 3.92±0.37 and, 2.84±0.50, respectively. Of the 30 nursing leadership competencies, 11 would need to be maintained and strengthened, seven would need to focus on improvement efforts, and 11 would have low priority. The last one was overdone. Conclusion Of the 18 items of high importance based on the nursing leadership competencies among new nurses identified, for seven items indicating low performance, the performance of nurses should be improved by introducing nursing leadership development programs after they enter the work environment. Eleven low-priority nursing leadership competencies require a long-term strategic approach and need to spread the understanding of nursing leadership throughout the nursing organization.

BACKGROUND: A rapid and sensitive surveillance culture has a pivotal role in infection control of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study was aimed to compare the performance of MRSASelect (Bio-Rad, France) to that of mannitol salt agar containing 6 microgram/mL of oxacillin (MSA-OX) for detecting MRSA in surveillance cultures. METHOD: From May to June 2006, 86 nasal swabs and 21 sputum specimens were enrolled. All specimens were inoculated onto MRSASelect and MSA-OX, which were incubated for 2 days and 3 days, respectively, and colonies were read daily by a technologist. Pink colonies on MRSASelect and yellow colonies on MSA-OX were examined with Gram stain, Pastorex(R) Staph-plus (Bio-Rad) and mecA-PCR. After the final reading, both media were re-examined by a superviser. RESULTS: Of the 107 specimens cultured, 32 (29.9%) were positive for MRSA. Of these, 27 were detected by both media, one by MSA-OX only, and 4 by re-examination. The day-1 and day-2 sensitivities/specificities of MRSASelect were 78.1%/97.3% and 84.4%/97.3%, respectively, while those of MSA-OX were 53.1%/100% and 78.1%/92.1%, respectively. With MRSASelect, two more positives were detected at day 2, but their incubation was less than 18 hour at day 1. There were six false positive organisms detected: three Enterobacter spp., one Acinectobacter spp., and two coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). But, the two CNS grew on MSA-OX only. CONCLUSION: MRSASelect with 1-day incubation showed a sensitivity equivalent to and a specificity better than MSA-OX with 2-day incubation. MRSASelect should be a useful medium for MRSA surveillance when it is read after an incubation of 18-28 hours with the confirmatory Gram stain of screen-positives.
Agar ; Enterobacter ; Infection Control ; Mannitol ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Oxacillin ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Groin* ; Vulvar Neoplasms*