BACKGROUND: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the Incentive Spirometry (IS) and Deep Breathing Exercises (DBE) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery in patients over 60 years of age. METHODS: We prospectively randomized 90 patients into 1 of 3 groups: the control group (30 patients) received no respiratory treatment, the IS group (30 patients) was treated with incentive spirometry 4 times daily and DBE group (30 patients) carried out deep breathing exercises under supervision for 15 min 4 times daily. ABGA was taken at ward, PR (preop.room), RR (recovery room), POD1 day and POD2 day. Roentgenographic changes observed at 24 h. and 48 h. after surgery. Pulmonary complications were defined as the development of 3 or more of 6 new findings: cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest discomfort, temperature greater than 38oC, pulse rate more than 100 beats/min. RESULTS: PaO2 in the DBE group and IS group at PR were significantly increased than the values at ward, and the values of the PaO2 in the DBE group at RR and POD1 day, and those of IS group at PR and POD2 day were significant higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). The frequency of development of pulmonary complications (43.3% in the control group, 20% in the DBE group, 20% in the IS group) and roentgenographic changes were comparable in the 3 groups (26.7%, 16.7%, 20% respectively). The DBE group showed the different incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications between upper and lower abdominal surgery (upper: lower= 35.7: 6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that DBE and IS were effective in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery and lower abdominal surgery causes lesser postoperative pulmonary complications than upper abdominal surgery.
Breathing Exercises ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Motivation* ; Organization and Administration ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration* ; Spirometry* ; Sputum ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Longitudinal Ligaments* ; Spine*

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

The purpose of this study is to compared and analyze the shade changes(deltaE)about In-Ceram(R),IPS-Empress(R),OPC(R) by using of the spectrophotometer arising from initial status and before and after cementation of the resin cement mounted on the metal core. We used a couple of statistics such as 'One-Way ANOVA'and Multiple Range Test. We could be able to verify significantly what is being discussed here up to 95%. The results drawn from our research are as follows: 1. At the time of our experiments regarding the initial shapes of all-ceramic and mounting status of all-ceramic on the metal crown(deltaE1), and a comparison of mounting of all ceramic on the metal crown with all-ceramic cemented on the metal core(deltaE2), at the time of shade change of initial shapes and after we cemented on the metal core. (1) no significant difference among all-ceramics was found. (2) no particular difference was found regarding the In-Ceram(R) (3) a significant difference between the deltaE1 and deltaE2 regarding the IPSS-Empress(R) was found (P<0.05). (4) a significant difference between the deltaE1 and deltaE2 regarding the OPC? was found (P<0.05). 2. When we compared the shade changes (deltaE) resulted from before and after the cementation on each of the parts involved of some all-ceramic . we could be able to find shape change increase from incisal third, middle third, and cervical third in that order in In-Cream(R)(spinell), IPS Empress(R) and OPC(R) all. In addition , we could be able to find a siginificant difference between cervical third and incisal third, middle third. (P<0.05) From what we have just seen, we might conclude that there is a significant shade change difference before and after the cementation with respect to IPS-Empress(R)and OPC(R). In addition, we could also be able to find more shade change difference at the cervical third rather than incisal third and middle third depending on the parts involved.
Cementation ; Ceramics* ; Crowns* ; Resin Cements

No abstract available.
Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Osteoporosis*

No abstract available.
Burns*

No abstract available.
Patella*

Recently as the esthetic concerns about dental prosthesis have been increased, the nonmetallic post and core systems have been introduced clinically to improve the color and the low optical transmittance of conventional casting metal post and core systems. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the optical transmittance and the shade changes of all-ceramic crowns with two nonmetallic post and core systems. The experimental groups were classified as follows: Total 27 specimens(9 samples in each group) were evaluated. Group I: Natural teeth as a control group. Group II: CosmoPost and Empress(R) core (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Group III: LIGHT-POST(TM) and LIGHT-CORE(TM)(Bisco, U.S.A.). In all groups, all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with the same shade of IPS Empress(R)II(Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) after abutment preparation, and then two kinds of spectrophotometers, UV 3101 PC(Shimadzu,Japan) and CM 503i(Minolta Co., Ltd., Japan), were used to measure the optical transmittance and the color value. The following results were obtained: 1. The optical transmittance of each group without all-ceramic crowns, was siginificantly decreased in order of Group III, I and II(p<0.05). 2. The optical transmittance of each group with all-ceramic crowns cemented, were siginificantly decreased in order of Group I, II and III(p<0.05). 3. In comparison with the shade of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups regardless of the cementation. 4. In comparison with the shade changes in each group after the cementation of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups. From the above results, it is thought that the selection among materials used in this study doesn't influence greatly the esthetic restoration, because the differences of optical transmittance were so small that those were clinically insignificant.
Cementation ; Crowns* ; Dental Prosthesis ; Tooth

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Keloid*