No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Mitomycin* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

BACKGROUNDS: Hemodialysis remains the most important support for patients with end stage renal disease, and reliable vascular access is an essential component for their life. The internal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) fulfills nearly all of the criteria for an optimal access for chronic hemodialysis, such as long-term patency rate, low complication rate. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study is to review our experience and to evaluate the patency rate and the influencing factors of graft failure of the AVF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From May 1988 through January 1997, 251 fistulas were created of 243 patients in Chonbuk National University Hospital. Only 119 cases were able to follow up survey. The statistical analysis used by Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The male versus female ratio was 1.3:1 and the age distribution was occurred on from 3rd decade to 7th decade (93%). The most common cause of renal failure was hypertension and diabetes (54 cases, 45.4%). Among the 119 cases, the autogenous graft fistulas were performed in 106 cases (wrist/snuff box/antecubital fossa, 94/7/5), PTFE graft fistulas were 13 cases. The autogenous graft failures were 28 cases (early/late 15/13), PTFE graft failures were 8 cases (early/late 5/3). Overall failures, the most common cause was thrombosis or stricture (41.6%), and then dysfunction, infection, dysperfusion, rupture, and aneurysm in order of frequency. Early failures were occurred in 20 patients (male/female, 15/5) and late failures in 16 patients (male/female, 3/13). Older age (over 50 years old) and PTFE graft were more higher failure rate than younger age and autogenous fistula. 12, 24, 36 months accumulated patency rates were 70, 62, 55%, retrospectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that early failure was more frequent in male, and late failure was more frequent in female. The significant influencing factors of graft failures were age and material, one is PTFE graft and the other is over 50 years old were higher failure rate.
Age Distribution ; Aneurysm ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Jeollabuk-do ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Thrombosis ; Transplants

Diabetes is a metabolic disease, leading to high blood glucose levels, and oral complications were as follows : cheilosis and a tendency toward drying cracking : burning sensations : decrease in salivary flow : alterations in the flora of the oral cavity with greater predominance of Candida albicans : and increased periodontal disease. The increase susceptibility of diabetics to infection has been well known. The cellular and humoral immune systems also require accessory cells, such as macrophages and antigen-presenting cells, for an optimal response to occur. Male rats weighing about 150-200 gm were induced to diabetes by streptozotocin, and were serially sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd day and 1st, 2nd, 6th week of experiment. And then histologic examination on the cervical lymph node & S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were carried out under th light microscope. The results of this study were as follow : 1. In control group, cevical lymph node consists of a capsule, cortex, paracortex, medullary sinus and medullary cord. The germinal centers appear in the cortex. The medullary cord was composed of closely packed lymphocytes, and the medullary sinus was full of lymph. In the features of immunohistochemical stain, S-100 protein positive cells were seen in the germinal center. 2. In the 1 day experimental group, the germinal centers were more smaller than that of control group and most of them disappeared. The medullary cord was composed of loosely packed lymphocytes. In the features of immunohistochemical stain. S-100 positive protein cells were decreased and somewhere negative. 3. In the 3 day experimental group, it is similar to 1 day finding but the germinal center had clear margin than that of 1 day experimental group. In the features of immunohistochemical stain, the number of S-100 protein positive cell was decreased and somewhere negative. 4. In the 1 week experimental group, the germinal center was more clear than that of 3 day experimental group and T lymphocytes were scattered in the paracortex. In the medullary cord, density of lymphocyte was more increased. In the immunohistochemical stain, S-100 protein positive dendritic cells were increased in the margin of germinal center and somewhere negative. 5. In the 2 week experimental group, the germinal centers were more recovered. In the medullary cord, density of lymphocyte was increased. In the immunohistochemical stain, S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were increased in the germinal center. 6. In the 6 week experimental group, histologic pattern of cortex and paracortex was similar to control group finding, in the immunohistochemical stain, somewhere the number of S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was similar to control group. From above results, in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rat, as the germinal center of cervical lymph node were decreased and antigen-presenting cell, dendritic cell was affected, the function of cervical lymph node, which was responsible for maxillofacial immune system, was decreased.
Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Blood Glucose ; Burns ; Candida albicans ; Dendritic Cells* ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Immune System ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mouth ; Periodontal Diseases ; Rats* ; S100 Proteins ; Sensation ; Streptozocin* ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Uterine Prolapse*

The first step in the commissioning procedure of a treatment planning system is always verification of the basic beam data. In this work, we have measured PDD curves and beam profiles between 1x1 cm2 and 40x40 cm2. In an attempt, Pinnacle 7.4f detect discrepancies between predicted dose distribution and delivered dose distribution. The discrepancies between measurement data and caculation data was found. The delivered dose was underestimated in field but overestimated out of field. The Dmax depth of 1x1 cm2 was reduced about 2 mm. For the larger field size (> or = 4x4 cm2), the beam profile and PDD curve showed good agreement between measurement data and calculation data.

OBJECTIVE: Central nervous system has unique inflammatory responses to the exposure to the endotoxin and immature brain may have a different response with that of the mature. The authors conduct this experiment to elucidate the characteristics of inflammatory response in immature brain. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was injected in the right caudate nucleus in 7-day-old and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The doses were 1 microliter of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0mg/ml of LPS and the same amount of saline for controls. The rats were sacrificed 24hours after injections. Light microscopic examination was performed to evaluate the leukocyte recruitment, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to measure the expression of interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) mRNA. RESULTS: Light microscopic examination revealed more pronounced leukocyte infiltration in neonatal brain than in adult, even though lower than in peripheral tissue. RT-PCR revealed dose dependent expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA in both neonatal and adult brain as in peripheral tissue. CONCLUSION: These results support that the immature brain is more vulnerable to the LPS induced inflammation in terms of leukocyte infiltration and possibly resultant brain damage. However, the mechanism of inflammatory response in immature brain should be studied further in association with the research of the activity of microglia, astrocyte, blood brain barrier, chemokine, and adhesion molecule in immature brain.
Adult ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1beta ; Leukocytes ; Microglia ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We aimed to determine normal reference ranges for prostate volume (PV) and annual PV change rate in a Korean nationwide screening population. Data from men who underwent a routine health check-up were collected from 13 university hospitals. The cohort comprised men aged > or =40 yr who had undergone 2 or more serial transrectal ultrasonographies. Men with initial PV>100 mL; serum PSA level>10 ng/mL; PV reduction>20% compared with initial PV, or who had history of prostate cancer or prostate surgery, were excluded. Linear regression and mixed effects regression analyses were used to predict mean PV and longitudinal change in PV over time. A total of 2,967 men formed the study cohort. Age, body mass index (BMI), and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were found to be significant predictors of PV. A predicted PV table, with a 95% confidence interval (CIs), was developed after adjusting for these 3 variables. Annual PV change rate was 0.51 mL/year (95% CI, 0.47-0.55). Annual PV change rate according to age was 0.68 mL/year, 0.84 mL/year, 1.09 mL/year, and 0.50 mL/year for subjects in their 40s, 50s, 60s, and > or =70 yr, respectively. Predicted annual PV change rate differed depending on age, BMI, serum PSA level and baseline PV. From a nationwide screening database, we established age-, PSA-, and BMI-specific reference ranges for PV and annual PV change rate in Korean men. Our newly established reference ranges for PV and annual PV change rate will be valuable in interpreting PV data in Korean men.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/*standards ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Prostate/*anatomy & histology/ultrasonography ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography/*standards ; Urology/*standards

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical usefulness of a follow-up examination using serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) for the early detection of recurrence in patients treated for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 patients who were treated for recurrent cervical squamous cell carcinoma between 1997 and 1998, who had experienced a complete remission after radiotherapy and who underwent an SCC test around the time when recurrence was detected, were included in this study. The levels of SCC were measured from the serum of the patients by immunoassay and values less than 2 ng/mL were regarded as normal. The sensitivity of the SCC test for use in the detection of recurrence, the association between the SCC values and the recurrence patterns and the tumor size and stage, and the temporal relation between the SCC increment and recurrence detection were evaluated. RESULTS: The SCC values were above normal in 17 out of 20 patients, so the sensitivity of the SCC test for the detection of recurrence was 85%, and the mean and median of the SCC values were 15.2 and 9.5 ng/mL, respectively. No differences were observed in the SCC values according to the recurrence sites. For 11 patients, the SCC values were measured over a period of 6 months before recurrence was detected, and the mean and median values were 13.6 and 3.6 ng/mL, respectively. The SCC values of 7 patients were higher than the normal range, and the SCC values of the other 4 patients were normal but 3 among them were above 1.5 ng/mL. At the time of diagnosis, the SCC valuess were measured for 16 of the 20 recurrent patients, and the SCC values of the patients with a bulky tumor (> or =4 cm) or who were in stage IIb or III were higher than those of the patients with a non-bulky tumor or who were in stage Ib or IIa. CONCLUSION: The SCC test is thought to be useful for the early detection of recurrence during the follow up period in patients treated for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. When an effective salvage treatment is developed in the future, the benefit of this follow-up SCC test will be increased.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Reference Values ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The variable clinical responses seen with rnost cancer immunotherapy suggests that there is a large interindividual variation in immunoiogic response to tumors. One of the key functional parameter.s of an immune response is the loca1 production of cytokines. These multifunctional cytokines have been implicated in growth stimulation and cytotoxicity of ovarian tumor celle. To determine the presence and quantities of cytokines in ovarian cancer tissue, the cons-titutive expression of cytokine mRNA in biopsies from epithelial ovarian carcinomas was determined by using a PCR-assisted mRNA amplification asssy(RT-PCR). Using a set of cytokine-specific primers for 14 different cytokines, distinctive patterns of cytokine gene expression between normal and malignant ovarian tissues could be found. Several cytokines were detected even in the norma1 ovarian tissue including IL-1A, IL-8, TGF-A, TGF-B, GM-CSF, and IL,-2R. In case of the ovarian cancer, the signals were more intense than normal and we could detect the expression of some other cytokines, such as IL-1B, IL- 4, IL-6, IL-l0, TNF, and INF-T, which could not be detected in normal tissue. The presence of eytokines in ovarian cancer tissue could be impartant in the growth and development of cancer, more specifically, in relation to host immune responsiveness.
Biopsy ; Cytokines ; Gene Expression* ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Growth and Development ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; RNA, Messenger

Obstetrical hemorrhage is one of the deadly triad, along with hypertensive disorder in pregnancy and infection. Postpartum hemorrhage is the major cause of obstetrical hemorrhage. Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, and resulted from poor uterine contraction after delivery of the fetus and placenta. Initial management to control postpartum uterine atonic bleeding is based on the use of uterotonics such as well known oxytocin and ergot preparations together with uterine massage. Prostaglandin E2 analogue, sulprostone can be used next when these agents are failed to produce uterine contraction. The woman unresponsive to non-surgical managements requires surgical interventions including emergency hysterectomy. Recently prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, has been known to elicit potent uterine contraction and cervical ripening after oral, vaginal or rectal administration. We have experienced two cases of postpartum uterine atonic bleedings which were unresponsive to oxytocin, ergot, or prostaglandin E2, but were successfully controlled by rectal administration of misoprostols.
Administration, Rectal ; Alprostadil ; Cervical Ripening ; Dinoprostone ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetus ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Massage ; Misoprostol* ; Oxytocin ; Placenta ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Contraction ; Uterine Inertia