No abstract available.
Carmustine* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis*

This review focused on the pharmacological treatment of alcoholism, especially alcoholism-related mental disorder. The pharmacological agent for alcoholism can be divided into the following categories : anticraving agent, aversive agent, agent to treat acute alcohol withdrawal, agent to diminish drinking by treating associated psychiatric pathology, agent to induce sobriety in intoxicated individuals. Following trends are included in new trends of pharmacological treatment of alcoholism. What are precise conditions amenable to pharmacological intervention? : How can psychosocial and behavioral intervention be integrated with pharmacotherapy to enhance treatment outcome?: Is the concept of "matching" specific pharmacotherapy treatment to different aspect of alcoholism more efficacious than a more generalized medicational approach to treatment? One of the most important factors for alcoholics treatment is good and proper therapeutic relationship with patients and setting up individually specialized treatment program is also important.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Drinking ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Pathology ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Colostrum* ; Gastrins* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Milk*

No abstract availble.
Biological Markers/blood ; Cytokines/*blood ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*metabolism ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/*metabolism

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Immunotherapy*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the attitudes of adolescent girls towards menstruation, peri-menstrual symptoms, and coping. METHODS: A convenience sample of 521 adolescent girls was obtained from two middle schools and two high schools in M city. Data were collected through questionnaires about menstrual attitudes, menstrual symptoms, and coping. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Subjects showed both negative and positive attitudes toward menstruation. There were significant correlation between attitudes toward menstruation and peri-menstrual symptoms. Subjects having a positive attitude toward menstruation needed a nursing mediator to provide relief for menstrual symptoms during the peri-menstrual period. Attitudes toward menstruation explained 11.0% variance of menstrual symptoms, and factor 4, in particular, (event whose onset can be predicted and anticipated) correlated strongest with menstrual symptoms and explained 21.5% variance of menstrual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that evidence-based strategies for positive attitudes toward menstruation, menstrual symptom, and coping should be included in a comprehensive approach to a nursing intervention to help adolescent girls.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cerclage, Cervical* ; Female ; Labor Stage, First* ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients develop hypoaldosteronism which frequently caused hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis and diabetic hypoaldosteronism is associated with selective unresponsiveness of aldosterone to angiotensin A-II, but mechanism of defect in A-II stimulated aldosterone response still remain unclear. METHODS: To elucidate the mechanism of defect in A-II stimulated aldosterone response, author evaluated the responses of aldosterone production to A-II, K+, and ACTH in adrenal glomerulosa cells prepared from streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Inositol triphosphate (IP3) generated by activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids generated by activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were measured in A-II stimulated glomerulosa cells. Radiocalcium efflux and aldosterone response to second messenger of A-II such as PLC, IP3, PLA, AA and protein kinase C activator, 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA). RESULTS: 1. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were not different among control rats, untreated and insulin treated diabetic rats. 2. Basal, ACTH and K+ -stimulated aldosterone production were similar in cells from the three groups (p<0.05), but A-II stimulated aldosterone production was significantly decreased in cells from untreated diabetic rats compared with control and insulin treated diabetic rats (p0.05). 4. Aldosterone responses to PLC, IP3, AA and TPA were significantly decreased in glomerulosa cells from diabetic rats compared with control and insulin treated diabetic rats (p<0.05), but aldosterone response to PLA2 was similar among the three groups (p>0.05). 45Ca efflux to PLC, IP3 PLA2 and AA were similar among the three groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that decreased A-II-stimulated aldosterone response was present in glomerulosa cells from streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and reversed by insulin treatments. The main defect of altered A-II response of zona glomerulosa might be located in the step after activation of phospholipase and increase of intracellular calcium, and activation of PKC, or distal to that could be one of the causative mechanism.
Acidosis ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Aldosterone* ; Angiotensin II ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Calcium* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hypoaldosteronism ; Inositol ; Insulin ; Lysophospholipids ; Phospholipases A2 ; Phospholipases* ; Plasma ; Protein Kinase C ; Rats* ; Renin ; Second Messenger Systems ; Streptozocin ; Type C Phospholipases ; Zona Glomerulosa*