The authors carried out histochemical studies on Clonorchis sinensis, especially, histochemical demonstration of carbonic anhydrase activity. Kurada's method was applied for the histochemicl staining in this study. The result obtained were summerized as follows : Carbonic anhydrase activity was intensely positive in oral sucker cells, reticular tissue cells, epithelium of the intestine and testes, more or less intensely positive in vitelline gland cells and yolk of eggs as well.
parasitology ; histochemistry ; trematoda ; helminth ; Clonorchis sinensis

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Amphibians* ; HIV* ; Humans* ; Oocytes*

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sputum*

BACKGROUND: The patient's position cannot be changed in the hyperbaric spinal anesthesia until the anesthesia level is fixed because gravity has an effect on the spread of hyperbaric solutions. The isobaric spinal anesthesia has the advantage that the patient's position can be changed soon after drug is injected into the subarachnoid space because gravity has no effect on the spread of isobaric solutions. Most studies of isobaric spinal anesthesia had been made using plain bupivacaine. In this study, effects of drug dose, volume, and concentration on the spinal anesthesia with isobaric tetracaine were investigated. METHODS: Eighty patients were randomly allocated to four groups: 1), group 1 received 1% tetracaine 14mg, 1.4ml (N=20), 2), group 2 received 0.74% tetracaine 14mg, 1.9ml (n=20), 3), group 3 received 0.5% tetracaine 14mg, 2.8ml (n=20), 4), group 4 received 1% tetracaine 19mg, 1.9ml (n=20). Drugs were administered in lateral position at L3~4 level. Neural block was assessed by pinprick. Changes of analgesic level were evaluated with time. RESULTS: Peak analgesic level of group 4 was higher than that of group 2 after 12 minutes and no difference in analgesic level between group 1, 2, and 3 after 18 minutes. Group 4 resulted in longer duration and a higher peak level of sensory block than group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In spinal anesthesia with isobaric tetracaine, the volume is the major factor affecting initial spread of isobaric tetracaine and the dosage was the major factor affecting peak level. High concentration results in longer duration, and higher peak level.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Subarachnoid Space ; Tetracaine*

OBJECTIVE: We describe our clinical experiences and outcomes in patients who had thromboembolic complications occurring during endovascular treatment of intracerebral aneurysms with a review of the literature. The types of thromboembolic complications were divided and the treatment modalities for each type were described. METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009 we performed endovascular embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils for 173 patients with 189 cerebral aneurysms, including ruptured and unruptured aneurysms at our hospital. Sixty-eight patients were males and 105 patients were females. The age of patients ranged from 22-82 years (average, 58.8 years). We retrospectively evaluated this group with regard to complication rates and outcomes. The types of thromboembolic complications were classified into the following three categories: mechanical obstruction, distal embolic stroke, and stent-induced complications, which corresponded to types I, II, and III, respectively. A comparison of the clinical results was made for each type of complication. RESULTS: Only eight patients had a thromboembolic complication during or after a procedure (4.6%). Of the eight patients, two had a mechanical obstruction as the causative factor; the other three patients had distal embolic stroke as the causative factor. The remaining three patients had stent-induced complications. In cases of mechanical obstruction, recanalization occurred due to the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic agents in one of two patients. Nevertheless, a poor prognosis was seen. In the cases of stent-induced complications, in one of three patients in whom a thrombus developed following stent insertion, a middle cerebral artery territory infarct developed with a poor prognosis despite the use of wiring and an intra-arterial thrombolytic agent. In the cases of distal embolic stroke, all three patients achieved good results following the use of antiplatelet agents. CONCLUSION: Treatment for thromboemboic complications due to mechanical obstruction and stent-induced complications include antiplatelet and intra-arterial thrombolytic agents; however, this cannot guarantee a sufficient extent of effectiveness. Therefore, active treatments, such as balloon angioplasty, stent insertion, and clot extraction, are helpful.
Aneurysm ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Stroke ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between uterine weight and morbidity in women undergoing vaginal total hysterectomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 549 cases of patients with vaginal totoal hysterectomy was performed. Patients included in this study underwent vaginal total hysterectomy as benign uterine tumors at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea from June 2003 through June 2004. These patients were stratified into four groups; Group I patients with uterine weight of <180 gm (n=132), Group II patients with uterine weight of between 180 gm to 280 gm (n=238), Group III 280 gm to 380 gm (n=100), Group IV patients with uterine weight of >380 gm (n=79). The groups were compared as regard age, paturity, previous pelvic operations, postoperative discharge day, postoperation hemoglobin change, operation time, postoperative complications. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the four groups with repect to postoperative discharge day (Mean=9.08 day), concurrent surgical procedure, age (M=45.96 years old), parturity (M=1.88). The overall complication rate was not significantly different (postoperation hemoglobin change (M=1.25), Complication). But the morcellation rate increased 8.33% in group I, 34.18% in group II, 55% in group III, 83.5% in group IV, respectively. The operation time prolonged as uterus weight increased.; 73 minutes in group I, 79 minutes in group II, 85 minutes in group III, 91 minutes in group IV. CONCLUSION: The vaginal total hysterectomy can be performed successfully in case of greatly enlarged uterus. Uterus enlargement is not an absolute contraindication.
Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Korea ; Leiomyoma* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Uterus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between uterine weight and morbidity in women undergoing vaginal total hysterectomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 549 cases of patients with vaginal totoal hysterectomy was performed. Patients included in this study underwent vaginal total hysterectomy as benign uterine tumors at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea from June 2003 through June 2004. These patients were stratified into four groups; Group I patients with uterine weight of <180 gm (n=132), Group II patients with uterine weight of between 180 gm to 280 gm (n=238), Group III 280 gm to 380 gm (n=100), Group IV patients with uterine weight of >380 gm (n=79). The groups were compared as regard age, paturity, previous pelvic operations, postoperative discharge day, postoperation hemoglobin change, operation time, postoperative complications. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the four groups with repect to postoperative discharge day (Mean=9.08 day), concurrent surgical procedure, age (M=45.96 years old), parturity (M=1.88). The overall complication rate was not significantly different (postoperation hemoglobin change (M=1.25), Complication). But the morcellation rate increased 8.33% in group I, 34.18% in group II, 55% in group III, 83.5% in group IV, respectively. The operation time prolonged as uterus weight increased.; 73 minutes in group I, 79 minutes in group II, 85 minutes in group III, 91 minutes in group IV. CONCLUSION: The vaginal total hysterectomy can be performed successfully in case of greatly enlarged uterus. Uterus enlargement is not an absolute contraindication.
Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Korea ; Leiomyoma* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Uterus

A microphthalmia with orbital cyst resulting from a failure in the involution of primary optic vesicle or defective closure of embryonic cleft is rare congenital anomaly. Clinical features are variable and mainly depend upon the time of arrest in development of the embryonic eyeball The authors have experienced a case of microphthamia with1uge orbital cyst in left orbit. The patient was 4 months of age and it was found at the time of birth. At radiologic study an area of suspicious defect in the orbital roof was shown. The orbital cyst and small eyeball were removed by intracranial approach and histopathologic examination was performed with serial section. We could find a suspicous site of defective closure of embryonic cleft and also ectopic retinal tissue in the cystic wall. A disorganized ocular tissues forming tumor like mass filled with microphthalmic eyeball. No cornea, iris or anterior chamber was found in the slide. In view of those histopathologic findings we can suspect that the defective closure of embryonic cleft occured at 7 to 14 mm embryo stage.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Embryonic Structures ; Humans ; Iris ; Microphthalmos* ; Orbit* ; Parturition ; Retinaldehyde