Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.
Animals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Trematoda/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure

The authors analyzed data from 15 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to evaluate the hemodynamic changes and left ventricular cineangiogram as compared with normal control. Mean right atrial pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and mean pulmonary wedge pressure were signigicantly elevated in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular enddiastolic volume was increased in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy(139.9+/-58.73 ml/m2). Cardiac index, left ventricular ejection fraction and circumferential fiber shortening were significantly reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy as compared with normal control(p<0.001). Hypokinetic, diffuse wall motion abnormalities of left ventricle were common in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. A few cases of akinetic or dyskinetic segmental wall motion abnormalities were present. Left ventricular configurations in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were globe shape(53.4%) as compared with pear core shape(90%) of normal control. Associated mitral regurgitations in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy confirmed by left ventricular cineangiogram were 53.3 percent. Mild to moderate mitral regurgitations were often present(46.6%).
Atrial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Pyrus ; Stroke Volume

PURPOSE: This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS: MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION: Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.
Actins ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Collagen ; Gene Expression ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Macrophages ; Magnesium* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts* ; Osteopontin ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

No abstract available.
Priapism* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Priapism* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

Acoustic stimulation test(AST), is currently being used as an alternative tool of nonstress test (NST). However, there are no standard guideline for analysis of AST. Computerized numerical analysis of AST would be helpful for development of diagnostic criteria of AST. Fifty-one normal pre-term pregnancies entered to this study after conventional 20-minutes NST and 10-minutes AST. Acoustic stimulations were performed using Fetal Acoustic Stimulator (Model 146, Corometrics, US). We analyzed the FHR response after acoustic stimulation using our on-line computerized FHR analysis system, HYFM-I & II software. The changes of loss of signal, baseline FHR, variability, number of fetal movements, and number of FHR accelerations were analyzed numerically. The loss of signal was increased about 2 fold(122.61%). The baseline FHR was increased from 144.57bpm to 156.81bpm(8.5%) after acoustic stimulation. Number of fetal movements was increased about 2 fold(from 2.1 to 4.12/10 minutes). FHR variability was also increased from 17.81 bpm to 26.37 bpm. After AST, number of FHR accelaration was increased 55.47%(10sec 10bpm) and 68.42%(15sec 15bpm), respectively. In this study, we acrumulated elemental FHR data using computerized system after AST. These data would be helpful in the accurate analysis of AST and also enable us to develop the objective interpretation system for AST.
Acceleration ; Acoustic Stimulation* ; Acoustics* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetal Movement ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

Myositis Ossificans Traumatica, ossifying hematoma and calcifying hematoma have been used interchangeably to dcscribe the process of calcification and ossification occuring within muscle tissue in response to trauma. Authors analysed 27 cases of traumatic myositis ossificans of the Quadriceps who were diagnosed and treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, National Police Hospital from January 1978 to June 1984. The results are as follows: 1. In sex distribution, in all cases 27 were males, in age distribution they were between 19 and 25 years old. 2. The causes of trauma consisted of 11 in kicking and treading, 6 in falling and slipping, 6 in football, 4 in demonstration injury. 3. The duration from injury to initial visit was variable. The average duration was 2 weeks. 4. Quadriceps contusions in all cases were grouped according to severity of trauma as mild, moderate and severe. Among 27 cases, 4 cases were mild, 11 cases were moderate, 12 cases were grouped as severe. According to the severity of trauma, duration of treatment and restoration of affected knee joint motion were more prolonged. 5. Among 27 cases, 6 cases sustained reinjury. 6. Total 27 cases, average duration of treatment was 4.6 weeks. 7. In those patients presenting after 2 weeks from injury, the duration of treatment was 3.8 weeks, and in those patients presenting within 2 weeks it was 5.4 weeks. Thc moderate cases were required 3.8 weeks of the duration of treatment, severe cases were required 6.5 weeks. Reinjury cases, 6 cases required more prolonged treatment, 6.8 weeks. These results suggest that early treatment, low violence of trauma and prevention of reinjury were the factor of minimizing the impairment of knee joint motion and shortening the duration of treatment. 8. The earlist X-ray change was found of the 14th day from injury. (average the 27th day from injury). 9. Within 6 months, all cases regained full range of motion of knee joint. 10. With only conservative treatment applied on all cases, we get the satisfactory result.
Accidental Falls ; Age Distribution ; Clinical Study ; Contusions ; Dronabinol ; Football ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Myositis Ossificans ; Myositis ; Police ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sex Distribution ; Violence

No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Humans ; Living Donors* ; Risk Factors* ; Transplants*

Ascorbic acid in aqueous humor, the concentration is 15-69 times higher than in plasma, protects ocular tissues from free radicals as an antioxidant and absorbs ultraviolet rays. It is regarded that the concentration of ascorbic acid in the vitreous body is greater than in the plasma, but there is no knowledge about it's role and relationships to retinal disease. We measured the concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma, aqueous humor, vitreous and subretinal fluid in 10 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who were treated with scleral encircling by high performance liquid chromatography. The average concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma, anterior chamber aqueous humor, vitreous, and subretinal fluid were 30.8 +/- 7.5 micro gram/ml, 157.4 +/- 2.5 micro gram/ml, 195.3 +/- 7.5 micro gram/ml, and 178.5 +/- 2.5 micro gram/ml respectively. The ascorbic acid concentrations in intraocular fluids were 5-6 times higher than in plasma.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Plasma ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Diseases ; Retinaldehyde* ; Subretinal Fluid* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitreous Body

It is generally accepted that in acute pancreatitis, the enzymes normally excreted by the pancreas are released from the disrupted parenchyma into the extraductal space and taken up by way of the lymphatics and capillaries. The enzymes in the blood stream may appear in high concentration in the serum. Therefore, serum amylase and lipase determinations has long been a mainstay in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and other pancreatic diseases. However, many investigators have claimed that the urinary output of amylase may be elevated more consistently in acute pancreatitis than in the serum concentration of either amylase or lipase, and urinary amylase measurement is a more sensitive reflection of the presence of pancreatitis and of its clinical course than is the measurement of serum amylase or lipase. Clinically, one of the ominous signs which may develop during the early course of acute pancreatitis is severe hypotension. But, no agreement has been reached among investigators as to the cause of the hypotension, although several investigators have implicated a blood volume deficiency resulting form inflammatory process, and hypercalcemia. Perhaps, the majority have attributed the hypotension to systemic effect of some of the pancreatic enzymes, especially trypsin. Nevertheless, the correction of these factors sometimes fail to restore a normal blood pressure clinically. The purpose of the present investigation was to observe the relationships between serum concentration and urinary output of pancreatic enzymes, and to determine the degree of hypotension resulting from the systemic administration of pancreatic enzymes. These experimental procedures, consisted of heteroinfusion of human pancreatic juice and homoinfusion of canine pancreatic emulsion intravenously, and pancreatic ductal ligation in dogs. Blood and urine samples for the enzyme analysis were collected serially thorough the femoral vein and ureteral catheter before and after the procedure. Blood pressure was measured consistently by the kymograph before and after infusion of pancreatic juice. Activities of amylase and lipase were determined by methods of Nelson and, Cherry and Crandall, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Following intravenous infusions of pancreatic juice exogenously. serum and urine concentrations of amylase and lipase increased rapidly, but these enzymes decreased rapidly in urinary excretion and gradually in serum concentration. Urinary recovery of amylase was approximately 10% of the total infused amount of pancreatic juice at the end of 4 hours. 2. Following ligation of the pancreatic duct, the amylase and lipase levels of serum rose gradually and reached the maximum at 24-48 hours after ligation and then gradually fell. The output of these enzymes in the urine were relatively constant while serum enzymes were increased. 3. When the human pancreatic juice was infused, hypotension was pronounced, and it was deeper and more prolonged in hypotensive effect with infusion of highly concentrated juice in the enzyme activities. With human pancreatic juice, a more sustained hypotension occurred than was observed after infusion of canine pancreatic emulsion. As a result of this investigation, it is felt that the hypotension in acute pancreatitis is probably the result of pancreatic enzymes itself. 4. In postinfusion period, the urine volume was markedly decreased following hypotension, and the urine volume was increased following blood pressure to normal level. This suggests that urine volume may diminish resulting from transient acute renal failure due to hypotensive effect by pancreatic enzymes.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Amylases ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Dogs* ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypotension ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ligation ; Lipase ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Juice ; Pancreatitis ; Prunus ; Research Personnel ; Rivers ; Trypsin ; Urinary Catheters