Eight bacterial strains were examined whether they have phoP/phoQ genes which were known to be involved in the intracellular survival of Salmonella typhimurium. The phoP/phoQ operon were known to sense the stimuli of the genes involved in the adaptation of the environment. Using 514-basepairs EcoRV DNA fragment of phoP region of Salmonella typhimurium as a probe, dot blot hybridization were performed. Chromosomal DNAs of Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marscescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Listeria monocytogenes were examined by DNA hybridization assay. Against our expectation, intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes, did not have similar DNA sequences to phoP/phoQ of S. typhimurium, while E, coli, S. dysenteriae, and E. cloacae showed the positive signal even though they were not intracellular pathogens. This result suggested that the phoP/phoQ operon was absent in intracellular pathogenic bacterias other than S. typhimurium. Rather it was found in phylogenetically closer bacterias to S. typhimurium, which were not able to survive in intracellular environment. Some different mechanism, which is not dependent on phoP/phoQ operon, could be involved in the intracellular survival of L. monocytogenes.
Bacteria* ; Base Sequence ; Cloaca ; DNA ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Operon ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Serratia ; Shigella dysenteriae

The authors report the clinical results of ten cases of complex supracondylar fractures treated by external fixation with a mean follow up of 21 months. Six cases were closed comminuted fracture, and four cases were open fractures. By AO classification six cases were type C2, two type C3, one type Al, and one type A3. Four cases had associated vascular injury. Reduction was performed by closed method in eight cases, and two cases were reduced through open wound. All cases healed at average of 142 days. Final healing of all cases occurred with an average range of motion of 3°-119° except one case which required reapplication due to infected nonunion with a gap. In nine cases of the ten functional results were rated as "good", and one case was "fair" by Iowa Knee Rating Scale. In conclusion, definitive external fixation can be a good alternative treatment modality despite previous recommendations to limit external fixation to temporary application in cases of limb salvage, such as severe comminution or pre-existing infection.
Classification ; External Fixators ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Iowa ; Knee ; Limb Salvage ; Methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Vascular System Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

Pigmented neurofibroma, a variant of neurofibroma, has rarely been observed in patients with or without neurofibromatosis. Pigmented neurofibroma is characterized histologically by the coexistence of scattered melanin-laden cells and benign spindle cells with neural differentiation. We report a case of pigmented neurofibroma in a 22-year-old female patient.
Female ; Humans ; Neurofibroma* ; Neurofibromatoses ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of the treatment of the percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation of bony mallet finger using an 18 gauge needle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2002 to September 2009, we performed closed reduction using an 18 gauge needle and percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wire for 15 cases of bony mallet finger and followed up at least 1 year. The fractures were classified by the Wehbe and Schneider's method. Indications of operative treatment were fractures involving more than 30% of articular surface, fracture fragments displaced more than 3 mm, or subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint. The results were evaluated by the Crawford criteria. RESULTS: All the fractures united, with an average healing time of 5.3 weeks(4-6 weeks). According to Crawford criteria, 10 cases were excellent, 5 cases were fair at a mean follow-up of 13 months. There were no pin tract infections and migrations of the pin. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation of mallet finger using an 18 gauge needle is an easy technique which can achieve anatomical reduction and diminish operation-related complications.
Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Joints ; Needles

Experiments were performed in mice (Balb/C) to support the basic efficacy of the human immunoglobulin (IgG) preparation. The antibacterial activity of IgG purified from human sera was examined with or without the quinolone agent, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens. Results were as follows: Antibacterial activities in terms of percentage of survivors, after administration of Ps. aeruginosa into mouse intraperitoneal cavity were in the following order, single IgG group, CPFX administration after IgG pretreatment group, IgG and CPFX combined administration group and CPFX alone group. The number of living bacteria was monitored in blood and liver tissue of mice infected with Ps. aeruginosa and treated by IgG administration. The increase of living bacteria in liver was more drastic than that in blood. Leukocytosis was observed in mice injected with IgG, excluding those only with ciprofloxacin, after 8 hours of administration to see a decrease to normal number of bacteria after 18 hours. No significant difference was noticed between pretreatment group and post treatment group. In vitro susceptibility test of IgG against Ps. aeruginosa, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 250 µg/ml, resistant to IgG, regardless of a combined administration with CPFX. In vitro test revealed that the IgG itself did not have anti-Ps. aeruginosa activity.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Ciprofloxacin* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Mice ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa* ; Pseudomonas* ; Survivors

Primary malignant lymphoma of the appendix is an unconnnon neoplasm although the gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site of malignant lymphoma. We report a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the appendix in a 54-year-old male, who presented with pain in the right lower abdomen. An appendectomy was performed. The appendix measured 9.5 cm in length and 5.5 cm in diameter. Cut sections showed a solitary circumferential mass in the appendiceal lumen. Light microscopic features were compatible with malignant lymphoma of diffuse large cell type(Working Formulation) and the immunophenotype was B cell type.

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Bacteria, Aerobic* ; Quinolones* ; Virulence*

No abstract available.
Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Stomach Volvulus*

No abstract available.
Cystitis*