In femorsl neck fracture, viability of the femoral head depends on the revascularization of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of early fixation and anatomical reduction by measuring the Tc-99m-MDP uptake ratio of the femoral head in experimental animsls. Femoral neck region of 20 mature rabbits were osteotomized completely and divided into 2 groups ; each group consisted of 10 rsbbits. Group 1 had two Kirschner wire fixation after osteotomy and anatomic reduction. Group 2 had no fixation after osteotomy. The uptake ratio of Tc-99m-MDP of the femoral head in each group were measured st the intervals of 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In experimental group 1, the mean uptake ratio of the femoral head was 0.72±0.13 at 1 day after operation, increased to a level of 1.44±0.14 at 1 week, increased to a maximal value of 2. 90±0.36 at 3 weeks and decreased to a level of 1.10+0.12 at 4 weeks. 2. In experimental group 2, the mean uptake ratio of the femoral head was 0.70±0.10 at 1 day, 0.64±0.13 at 1 week, decreased to a maximal value of 0.33±0.05 at 3 weeks and 0.47±0.05 at 4 weeks, showing decreased level below 1.0. The results suggest that early anatomicsl reduction and rigid fixation of femoral neck fracture is helpful for revascularization of the femoral head and prevention of non union.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Neck ; Osteotomy ; Rabbits

Nd-YAG laser is known as a safe and effective treatment for posterior capsular opacity after cataract surgery. We studied the ocular complications after Nd-YAG laser treatment in uveitis patients. From January 1991 to December 1996, we retrospectively investigated the complications of uveitis in 22 persons(25 eyes) after Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, and also investigated that of nonuveitis in 563 persons(635 eyes) as a control group. The uveitis cases consisted of six anterior uveitis, eight intermediate uveitis, seven Behcet`s syndromes, three panuveitis, and one posterior uveitis. In the uveitis group, the complications(18 eyes) consisted of three retinal detachments, one giant retinal tear, three glaucoma, two aggravations of uveitis, two vitreous opacities, one retinal emorrhage, one proliferative vitreoretinopathy, one hyphema, and four transient high intraocular pressures(IOP), and in the control group, it consisted of two subluxations of intraocular lens(IOL), three glaucomas, one retinal tear, three transient high IOPs, two vitreous opacities, two retinal hemorrhages, three macular holes, two retinal detachments, and five cystoid macular edemas. From our experience, the incidence of complications after Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in uveitis was higher than that in nonuveitis. It was also noted that it is necessary to follow up thoroughly the complications after Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in uveitis patients.
Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Incidence ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Macular Edema ; Panuveitis ; Posterior Capsulotomy* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Uveitis, Intermediate ; Uveitis, Posterior ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

No abstract available.
Ear, Middle*

No abstract available.
Muscle, Smooth* ; Relaxation*

No abstract available.
Amyloidosis*

No abstract available.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome*

BACKGROUNDS: The inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia involving adhesion molecules aggravates neurologic deficit. This study aimed to study the change of plasma level of the adhesion molecules after acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Nineteen patients with acute cerebral infarction and ten control subjects without a history of cerebrovascular disease were included in this study. The patient groups were subgrouped into large artery atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion groups according to TOAST classification. Plasma levels of sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured within 24 hours and in 6 to 8 days after acute ischemic infarction. RESULTS: The plasma level of sP-selectin was elevated in acute stroke patients within 24 hours and in 6 to 8 days after stroke onset compared with control group(p<0.05). But plasma levels of sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not different from those of control group. The plasma level of sP-selectin was significantly elevated in large artery artherosclerosis group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that P-selectin actively involves in inflammatory process after acute ischemic stroke, especially associated with atherosclerosis.
Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Brain Ischemia ; Cerebral Infarction ; Classification ; Humans ; Infarction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; P-Selectin ; Plasma* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Pressure Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Female ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Ovary*

The pharmacological actions of ketamine in human volunteers were reported by Domino et al. in 1965, and use in 130 patients by Corssen and Domino (1966). Since then, its use in a wide variety of surgical procedures has been reported throughout the world. Several authors(Galloon, 1971; Gallon and Dick, 1971; Spoerel, 1971)reported that katamine has several advantages over conventional anesthetics. The advantages of using katamine anesthesia are: preservation of pharyngeal reflex and airway maintenance during induction of anesthesia, stimulation of the cardiovascular system, wide safety margin, short duration, fast recovery, little nausea and vomiting after anesthesia, little depression of the fetus and good uterine contraction with minimal bleeding. On the other hand, ketamine has also disadvantages: elevation of arterial pressure and pulse rate temporarily during induction of anesthesia, poor muscle relaxation and post-operative psychotic reactions are not uncommonly found. The authors tried to find out the feasibility of ketamine anesthesia for Cesarean section over the conventional method of thiopental muscle relaxant N2O with IPPV technique. Materials and Methods.52 Korean parturients were selected for Cesarean section including emergency and elective operation for this study. Thiopental Group. 25 cases were induced for anesthesia with 3.5+/-1.64mg/kg of thiopental and intubated with the help of 1 mg/kg of succinylcholine followed by N2O with controlled ventilation. After delivering the baby, anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2-ether throughout the procedures. Ketamine A Group. 9 cases, just before skin incision, were injected intravenously with katamine 1.67+/-0.03mg/kg slowly for over one minute with or without N2O: O2(2: 1 L/min) through a mask. After delivering the fetus, a supplement of ketamine and diazepam 10mg I.V. was given intermittently. Ketamine B Group. Anesthesia was induced by 1.72+/-0.05mg/kg ketamine and 1mg/kg of succinylcholine with endotracheal intubation. After delivery, N2O with O2 and additional ketamine were given to 9 patients. Ketamine C Group. Anesthesia was performed with 1. 30+/-0.15mg/kg of ketamine, 0.08mg/kg of pancuronium, N2O, with endotracheal intubation for 9 patients, ether supplement was given following delivery .Conclusion .With these mentioned methods of anesthesia, the authors formed several conclusions about ketamine anesthesia in Cesarean section. 1. Ketamine can be used as the main anesthetic or for induction in elective and emergency Cesarean section because of its rapid onset and intense analgesic effect. 2. As in the method of anesthesia, it is useful to combine N2O-O2 mixture and muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine or pancuronium. This technique is more suitable for maintenance of anesthesia because of the poor muscle relaxation of ketamine alone. 3. For induction of anesthesia, under 1.6mg/kg of ketamine is advisable. Exceeding this dose, the infant respiration is more likely to be depressed because of hypertonicity of the skeletal musculature. 4. Ketamine has a maternal cardiovascular stimulation effect particularly diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate in the Ketamine-pancuronium-N2O-intubation group. 5. Less bleeding was found during and after the delivery, possibly due to an increased uterine contraction from ketamine. 6. Disadvantages of ketamine included a prolonged maternal recovery period, and newborn respiratory depression end these seemed to be dose related. Fro the above, ketamine anesthesia appears to be another safe and satisfactory method of anesthesia for Casarean section, provided that toxema of pregnancy patients with hypertension and patients who have had psychotic problems previously are avoided.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Cesarean Section* ; Depression ; Diazepam ; Emergencies ; Ether ; Female ; Fetus ; Gagging ; Hand ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine* ; Masks ; Muscle Relaxation ; Nausea ; Pancuronium ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Skin ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Uterine Contraction ; Ventilation ; Vomiting