We examined the nuclear overexpression of p53 protein by immunohistochemical analysis of the deparaffinized tumor tissue specimens from 45 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The data were then correlated with conventional prognostic variables such as histologic tumor grade, stage and DNA ploidy. In addition, we related the expression of the 53 protein to indicators of cellular proliferative activity, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), mean number of silver-binding nucleoar organizer regions(AgNORs) per nucleus, flow cytometric S-phase fraction(SPF) and proliferation index(PI). Survivals of the patients according to mutant p53 protein expression, stratified by histologic tumor grade and stage were analyzed.None of the urothelial cells from normal bladder specimens showed nuclear expression of mutant p53 protein. Mutant p53 protein expression was not associated with histologic tumor grade, stage, flow cytometric SPF and PI, but there was an association between mutant p53 protein expression and flow cytometric DNA ploidy with marginal statistical significance(p=0.0892) There was statistically significant difference of mutant p53 protein expression between low and high AgNORs counts per nucleus(p=0.0108), but here was no significant correlation between mutant p53 protein expression and PCNA expression rate. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, we could not identify the statistically significant difference of survivorship between patients with and without mutant p53 expression. These results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis of bladder cancer specimens could be a good method of screening for the presence of mutant p53 protein, and mutant p53 protein expression may be an indicator of bladder cancer with more proliferative and/or aggressive activity, but it may not be an clinically useful prognostic factor in patients with bladder TCC.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; DNA ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mass Screening ; Mutant Proteins ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Prostate* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Urethral stricture usually follows the urethral rupture and periodical urethral soundation, which is an annoying procedure for. patients, is the usual method of treatment throughout their life. A case of urethral stricture who was successfully treated with modified Cecil's Operation, is presented.
Humans ; Rupture ; Urethral Stricture*

This Study was designed to characterize the unfavorable prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma through reviewing 27 cases with radical nephrectomy during the past 10 years from 1976 through 1986. The presence or absence of tumor invasion into renal capsule, perinephric fat, renal vein, regional lymph node, pelvis and/or ureter, hematuria at the time of first examination and the difference in the size of tumor and tumor cell type were studied. The 100 person-year mortality rates were analyzed with the chosen prognostic variables. Tests of significance between the difference in mortality rates of each two groups with or without a given characteristics were performed with Z-test. Author results as follows. : 1. The survival rate was decreased independently by the unfavorable factors such as the presence of tumor invasion into renal vein, regional lymph node, pelvis and/or ureter and tumor cell type other than clear cell(P<0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.05 respectively). 2. The survival rate was not affected by the following factors such as the presence or absence of hematuria at the time of first examination, tumor invasion into renal capsule, perinephric fat and the difference in size of tumor.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Hematuria ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Prognosis ; Renal Veins ; Survival Rate ; Ureter

During the period from Jan. 1978 to June 1978, clinical and laboratory observations were done on the 46 cases of gonorrhea and 40 cases of non-specific urethritis at random selection in the Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1. The average age of the gonorrheal patients were 24 years old and 30 years in non-specific urethritis patients. 2. The main clinical symptoms of gonorrheal patients were profuse yellowish urethral discharge found in 91.3 % of cases and painful urination in 37 %. The symptoms of non-specific urethritis patients showed scanty urethral discharge in 525 % of cases and urethral discomfort in 25%. 3. The incubation period of gonorrheal cases was 3 to 7 days while in one-fourth of non-specific urethritis the period was shorter than 10 days. 4. In the past history 43.5 % of gonorrheal patients had V. D. and 62.5 % of non-specific urethritis patients had them. 5. In 20 cases ( 50%) of non-specific urethritis had positive shred culture with no evidence of positive findings in urinalysis or in Gram stain of urine sediment. 6. In 31 cases(77.5%) of positive shred cultures, staphy lococcus albus were grown in 12 cases, diphtheroid in 10 cases, mixed growth of staphylococcus albus and diphtheroid in 5 cases. Antimicrobial sensitivity test with Gram(+) cocci obtained from 19 cases of nonspecific urethritis showed highly sensitive resultes to hentamicin, lincomycin, carbenicillin, novobiocin and highly resistant reactions to oxytetracycline. 7. 82.6% of cases of gonococcal infection were cultured on the Thayer-Martin medium and antimicrobial sensitivity test was done with these colonies by disc diffusion method. Penicillin and its derivatives were highly sensitive, other antibiotics such as erythromycin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin were also sensitive.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Diffusion ; Erythromycin ; Gentamicins ; Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lincomycin ; Novobiocin ; Oxytetracycline ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus ; Urethritis* ; Urinalysis ; Urination ; Urology ; Young Adult

Transurethral resection syndrome are caused by the sudden intravascular absorption of large volumes of the irrigating solution which are used during transurethral surgery. It relates to many determining conditions of the patient postoperatively. We studied changes in serum electrolyte following transurethral resection of prostate in 61 patients used 5% Dextrose-Water solution as the irrigant and 46 patients used 1.5% glycine as the irrigant of benign prostatic hypertrophy. We divided the patients into group I and II. group I : those were given 5% Dextrose-Water solution as the irrigant. group II : those were given 1.5% glycine as the irrigant. Change in serum ammonia was obtained in 19 patients of group II. Following results were obtained. 1. Operation time, resected weight and amount of irrigant between group I and II showed no difference, statistically. 2. Serum sodium concentration was decreased in 42 cases of group I (range : 1-20mEq/L, mean : 5.0mEq/L). 3. Serum sodium concentration was decreased in 31 cases of group II (range : 1-18mEq/L, mean : 6.0mEq/L). These changes in serum concentration between group I and group II showed no significant difference, statistically. 4. Change in serum sodium concentration in the group I showed no significant correlation with operation time, resected weight and amount of irrigation. 5. Change in serum sodium concentration in the group II showed no significant correlation with operation time, resected weight and amount of irrigation. 6. Serum ammonia concentration was increased in 10 patients of 19 patients in group II (range : 5-100ug/dl, mean : 42ug/dl).
Absorption ; Ammonia ; Glycine* ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Sodium ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

PURPOSE: The goal of this in vivo study is to determine the feasibility and efficacy of suicide gene therapy using adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and the prodrug acyclovir (ACV) system in animal model of human prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a replication-defective adenoviral vector containing the beta-galactosidase gene (Ad-CMV-beta-gal) as a control and Adenovirus-Cytomegalovirus-Thymidine Kinase (Ad-CMV-TK) as the therapeutic vector under the trascriptional control of the CMV promoter. Transduction efficiency was assessed in vitro by infection of LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells with Ad-CMV-beta-gal utilizing X-gal staining. TK activity in LNCaP and PC-3 cells infected with Ad-CMV-TK was determined by measuring the TK-mediated [3H]-Ganciclovir (GCV) phosphorylation. Sensitivity of LNCaP and PC-3 cells to Ad-CMV-TK in vitro was determined after infection of therapeutic vector with or without ACV. Subcutaneous tumors were established in athymic nude(nu/nu) mice with PC-3 cells, and Ad-CMV-TK/ACV sucide gene therapeutic system-induced inhibition of tumor growth in vivo was determined in separate and controlled experiments. RESULTS: The mean TK activity was significantly higher in Ad-CMV-TK-infected LNCaP and PC-3 cells than in cells infected with Ad-CMV-beta-gal that was used as a control(P<0.05). The growth of human prostate cancer cells with Ad-CMV-TK was significantly inhibited by the addition of GCV in vitro(p<0.05). In vivo experiments using PC-3 human prostate cancer animal model demonstrated that tumor volume and growth at the conclusion of experiment was significantly attenuated in the suicide toxic gene therapy (Ad-CMV-TK / ACV) group compared with Ad-CMV-TK, ACV and no treatment control groups(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy using HSV-TK / ACV system provides an effective therapy in an experimental human prostate cancer animal model by significantly inhibiting tumor growth.
Acyclovir ; Adenoviridae ; Animals ; beta-Galactosidase ; Genetic Therapy* ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Simplexvirus* ; Suicide* ; Thymidine Kinase ; Tumor Burden

419 bacterial strains in 395 specimens of urine(significant bacteriuria) were found during the period of 12 months from January 1,1979 to December 31,1979, and the following results were obtained: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1(male;210,female;185) and the most common age group was 6th decade in male and 3rd decade in female. 2. 85.4% was gram negative bacilli group,14.1 percent was Gram positive cocci group and 0.5% was fungus in 419 isolated strains the isolated organisms were E.coli(35.1%), Serratia(11.2%), Proteus(11.2%), Psuedomonas(9.8%), Streptococcus(7.2%), Staphylococcus(6.0%), Klebsiella(5.7%), alcaligencs(3.3%), Citrobacter(2.6%), Enterococcus(1.0%), fungus(0.5%), acinebacter(0.2%) and flavobacter(0.2%) . In male patient E.coli(17.4%), Serratia(14.3%), Proteus(17.0%), Psuedomonas(15.2%), Streptococcus(7.2%) were the common causative organisms and in the female patients E.coli(57.0%) was the main invader. 3. In 183 patients of urologic department, the indwelling catheter and other instrumentation was the most common cause of bacteriuria in male and the uncomplicated infection was the most common one in female./ the most common causative organism of bacteriuria in the cases of uncomplicated infection obstruction and urinary stone is E.coli but Pseudomonas, Proteus and Serratia a well as E.coli were common in indwelling catheter and instrumentation group. 4. The Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to amikacin(80.5%), colimycin(70.7%), tobramycin(64.4%), and gentamicin(56.0%) and the Gram positive cocci were sensitive to carbenicillin(76.3%) tobramycin(46.7%) amikacin(43.5%) penicillin(41.4%) TAO(40.8%) and Gentamicin(40.4%).
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriuria ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Female ; Fungi ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Male ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Serratia ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

To develop criteria for prostatic cancer patient care related to early diagnosis, treatment according to accurate staging and follow up in Korea, a clinical study was made on 49 patients with prostatic malignancy who were admitted to the Departrnent of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine between January 1981 and December 1985. The results were as follows 1. The incidence of prostatic malignancy was 1.6% of all inpatients, 2.2% of male inpatients and 10.1% of all male G-U tract tumors. 2. The age distribution ranged from 17 to 85 years with the highest incidence of 60 to 80 years (65%) and 3 of these 49 patients (6.1%) were men less than 40 years old. 3. The incidence of prostatic cancer has increased over the years with B.P.H. and the numbers of patients was comparable to the numbers of patients with B.P.H. during this period representing 49 and 214. 4. Prostatism (59%) and acute urinary retention (41%) were two common presenting symptoms, with symptom caused by metastasis such as persistent bone pain (14%) and pulmonary symptoms (4%). 5. On digital rectal examination at admission, 12 patients had a hard nodule in the prostate with 8 patients of multiple nodules, and 7 patients had soft, smooth prostate presumed B.P.H. 6. Of 9 tumors that extended over the prostate by Intraoperative palpation, 7 (78%) were identified by transrectal ultrasonography but only 2(22%) were identified correctly by digital rectal examination. Transrectal ultrasonography was especially useful in detecting and staging the prostatic cancer. 7. Perineal or transrectal prostatic needle biopsy was done in 29 patients. Adenocarcinoma was found in 26 patients and rhabdomyosarcoma in 3 patients. The histopathologic classification of 3 rhabdomyosarcomas was embryonal, alveolar and pleomorphic. 8. Distant metastasis was found in 28 patients (57%): The sites involved were bone in 24 patients, lymph node in 5 patients, lung in 3 patients and liver and skin in each 1 patient. The sites most frequently involved were pelvis (65%) and spine (50%) in the bony skeleton, and obturator lymph nodes (60%) in lymph node metastasis. 9. In 54% of the patients in which bone scans were positive for metastasis conventional radiographic surveys were negative. The nuclear bone scan was a highly sensitive means for detecting skeletal metastasis 50% more than the conventional bone radiography. 10. The patients were grouped according to American Urological system. 30(6l.2%) patients had stage D, 7(l4.3%) had stage C, 6(12.2%) had stage B and 6 had stage A. Of 6 patients with stage A 4 had histologically proved stage A1, 2 had stage A2. Grade III lesions made up to the largest group accounting for approximately half (47%) of the total patients. This study showed significant correlation between tumor grades and clinical stage of the disease, demonstrating a shift from lower to higher clinical stage with increasing tumor grades. 11. Patients with clinical stage B lesions were preferentially and best treated with prostatectomy, stage C with external beam radiation therapy, stage D with endocrine therapy. 3 patients with prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma were treated with radiation and systemic chemotherapy and one of these 3 patients was also treated with total cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion. 12. Follow up study with serial measurements of acid phosphatase level and assessment of clinical status was made on 24 patients. (2l patients of adenocarcinoma, 3 patients of rhabdomyosarcoma, Of the 4 patients who had a response as determined by acid phosphates level 3 patients (75%) improved in clinical status and mean survival was more than 24 months. Of the 3 patients who had no change in acid phosphatase level 2 patients (67 %) deteriorated in clinical status and had a mean survival of 7 months. Of the 9 patients who had a progression in acid phosphatase level 7 patients (78 %) deteriorated in clinical status and had a mean survival of 10 months.
Acid Phosphatase ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Classification ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palpation ; Patient Care ; Pelvis ; Phosphates ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatism ; Radiography ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Skeleton ; Skin ; Spine ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Retention ; Urology