No abstract available.
Blood Gas Analysis* ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Immobilization* ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs*

The most important indication for the removal of the lead-electrode system is the presence of an infection. When an infection occurs, the entire pacemaker system including the impluse generator and lead-electrode system should be removed. The entrapped electrode can be removed by a continous traction, by the use of forceps, snares or baskets, by the use of a locking stylet or a dilator sheath, and by an operation. We report a case that underwent a removal of an entrapped transvenous pacemaker electrode by the use of snaring technique.
Electrodes* ; SNARE Proteins ; Surgical Instruments ; Traction

No abstract available.
Esophagus* ; Rupture*

No abstract available.
Esophagus* ; Rupture*

Although the ultlrasonography has been regarded as a main procedure in the diagnosis of bile duct andgallbladder diseases, a few reports concerning the ultrasonographic findings of biliary ascariasis appeared in theliterature. Seven cases of real-time ultrasonographic diagnosis of biliary ascariasis were made in our hospitalduring last 15 months. In six, the diagnosis was confirmed by surgery or radiographic examination. The resultswere as follows; 1. The characteristic long, thick, highly reflective echo without distal acoustic shadowing inthe extra and/or in tra-hepatic ducts were seen in all six proven cases. 2. The echogenic, nonshadowing images ofthe worms were seen as single stripe in five cases(containing a central longitudinal, anechoic tube, suggestingits digestive tract in three cases ) or multiple stripes in one case. But so-called coiled appearance or amorphousfragments were not seen in our cases. 3. Associated findings were as follows; mild to moderate dilatation of theextrahepatic duct in all six duct in 1 case, intrahepatic stone in 1 case, contracted gallbladder containingsingle stone in 1 case and evidence of cholecystitis in 4 cases. 4. One false positive diagnosis of ascariasis inthe gallbladder is considered due to reverberation artefact. No false negative was seen.
Acoustics ; Artifacts ; Ascariasis ; Bile Ducts ; Cholecystitis ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Gallbladder ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Shadowing (Histology)

Authors analyzed 72 cases of abdominal CT of Korean adults who didn't have any medical reasons to believe thespleen was abnormal. The following criteria were measured with mulitiple transverse scanning of the entire lengthof spleen (height, breadth, thickness) & relationship with fixed midline structure, the spine( the shortestdistance from midline to medial edge of spleen, the longest distance from anterior margin of vertebral body toanterior tip of spleen). The reults were as follows; 1. The average size in adult was 8.0±1.5cm in height,8.6±1.2cm in breadth and 3.4±0.6cm in thickness; in adult female, 7.8±1.1cm, 8.4±1.0cm and 3.4±0.6cm,respectively; total average, 7.9±1.3cm, 8.5±1.1cm and 3.4±0.6cm, respectively. No remarkable difference wasnoted between both sexes and age groups. 2. The shortest distance from midline to medial edge of spleen was4.1±1.1.cm in male, 3.6±1.0cm in female and total average of 3.9±1.1cm. There was remarkable difference betweenboth sexes(p<0.005) but not between age groups. 3. The longest distance from anterior margin of vertebral body toanterior edge of spleen was 2.3±1.7cm in male, 2.0±1.4cm in female and total average of 2.2±1.6cm. Noremarkable difference was seen between both sexes and age groups.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Although the ultrasonography has been regarded as a important procedure in the diagnosis of intraabdominalabscess, there were relatively few papers concerning the ultrasonographic findings of periappendiceal abscess.Nineteen cases of surgically proven periappendiceal abscess caused by perforated appendicitis were studied byultrasonography at the Kyung Hee University Hospital during last 34 months. The results were as follows; 1.Diagnostic accuracy of the real-time ultrasonography was 94.7%(18/19). There were only one false positive and onefalse negative. 2. The location of abscesses were ; periappendiceal 68.4%(13/19), pelvic 21.0%(4/19), subhepatic5.3%(1/19) and subphrenic 5.3%(1/19) in order of frequency. 3. Variable echo-patterns of abscesses wereencountered. But irregular, thick walled, posteriorly reinforcing, echo-free or mixed echo-patterns were mostcommon.
Abscess ; Appendicitis ; Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography

It is difficult to distinguish benign from malignant, pulmonary nodule by conventional roentgenologic examination. But CT makes it easier to evaluate adjacent parencymal invasion, pleural or mediastinal extenstion,or early metastasis to intra- or extrathoracic lymph node as well as distant organs, although only a solitaryperipheral pulmonary nodule is seen on plain radiograph. Authors reviewed CT of 22 cases of histopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer seen as a solitary peripheral pulmonary mass from May 1980 to Sep. 1984 at DongsanMedical Center, Keimyung University. The results are as follows: 1.The incidence was most common in the 6thdecade(36%). Male to female ratio was 10:1 and 2 females all had bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. 2. Thedistributions of histologic cell type were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 40%, adenocarcinoma, small cellcarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and unclassified carcinoma 14% in each cases, and adenoid cysticcarcinoma 4% . 3. The CT findings were as follows: a) Superior and posterior basal segments of both lower lobeswere most frequently involved(68%). b) The mean diameter of the mass was 48mm, and most common in the range of30-49 mm in the greatest dimension(46%). c) The mean CT atttenuation value was 57 H.U., and most common in thegroup of 41-70 H.U. (64%). d) Lymph node metastasis was found in 13 (59%) of 22 cases, and the involved nodes wereas follows: hilar nodes 10 cases, paratracheal nodes 8 cases, subcarinal nodes 7 cases and extrathoracic nodes 3cases. In 2 of 3 cases with small cell carcinoma, diffuse multiple lymph nodes were involved. e) Distantmetastasis was seen relatively early in 3 cases; cerebral metastasis in 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, rightaderenal metastasis without intrathoracic lymph node metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures in 1 case ofbronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, and liver and bone metastases in 1 case of unclassified carcinoma. f) Adjacentpleural or mediastinal invasion was found in 7 cases(32%): pleural invasion along chest wall in 4 cases, andinvasion of adjacent mediastinal pleura in 3 cases of 2 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 unclassifed carcinoma. g)Calcifications witihin the mass were found in 5 cases (23%), and most common in squamous cell carcinoma(3 cases).In all cases, a few granular calcification were seen along the peripheral margin of the mass. h) Tumor necrosiswas seen in 4 cases(18%), and 3 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and one of them showed irregular centralcavitation. i) The margins of tumor were irregularly lobulated with radiating spiculations in all except one ofadenoid cystic carcinoma, which revealed oval shaped, smooth clear margin. j) In 9(41%) of 22 cases, someenlargement of pulmonary vessels with perivascular linear infiltrations were found in the adjacent lungparenchymes of the mass, which were thought to be retrograde perivascular lymphangitic spread along pulmonaryvessels.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleura ; Thoracic Wall

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find the differences of temperamental characteristics of Korean children according to family environment and developmental history. METHODS: 1) The mothers whose children had been educated at twenty-five Samsung Child Care Centers nationwide participated in the survey using Parent Temperament Questionnaire for Children (PTQ) and the Child Development Questionnaire (CDQ). 2) The temperament of 1,175 children whose mothers completed PTQ were classified into 5 diagnostic clusters (Easy, Intermediate Low, Intermediate High, Difficult, Slow-To-Warm-Up) according to the method proposed by Fullard et al. 3) The results of classification were compared and analysed statistically according to each CDQ parameters. RESULTS: Statistically meaningful difference in the distribution of temperamental clusters were found in the CDQ parameters such as birth order of children, number of intimate friends, children's relationship with their peers, children's relationship with their siblings, children's relationship with their parents, type of milk feeding, motor development of children during 2 years after birth, motor development during from age 2 to 5, stranger anxiety, present health state of children, and relationship between parents. After all, the proportion of Easy type was greater in the children who were first-born, or who had good relationship with their peers or family, fast motor development, mild stranger anxiety, good health condition, or good relationship between each parent. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the distribution of temperamental cluster was significantly different in several parameters of family environment and developmental history of Korean children. The children with fast development, good interpersonal relationship or favorable family environment are more likely to be the Easy type.
Anxiety ; Birth Order ; Child Care ; Child Development ; Child* ; Classification ; Friends ; Humans ; Milk ; Mothers ; Parents ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Siblings ; Temperament*