Procedures for treatment of molar furcation invasion defects range from open flap debridement, apically repositioned flap surgery, hemisection, tunneling or extraction, to regenerative therapies using bone grafting or guided tissue regenerative therapy, or a combination of both. Several clinical evaluations using regenerative techniques have reported the potential for osseous repair of treated furcation invasions. Regenerative treatment of maxillary molars are more difficult due to the multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances therefore, purpose of this study was to evaluated histologically compomer and Ketac Silver as a barrier in the treatment of a bi-furcated maxillary premolar. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiosteal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, furcation defect was made on maxillary premolar. 2 month later one premolar was filled with compomer and the other premolar was filled with Ketac Silver. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by vascular perfusion. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with H-E staining. Results were as follows. 1. Compomer & Ketac Silver restoration were encapsulated fine connective tissue. 2. In 4 weeks, compomer & Ketac Silver restoration slightly infiltrated inflammatory cells but not disturb the new bone or new cementum formation. 3. In 8 weeks, compomer & Ketac Silver restoration were less infiltrated inflammatory cell and encapsulated fine connective tissue. 4. Therefore, compomer & Ketac Silver filling to the grade III maxillary furcations with multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances is possible clinical method and this technique is useful method for maxillary furcation involvement but it is thought that periodic maintenace should be needed
Adult ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Bone Transplantation ; Cermet Cements* ; Connective Tissue ; Debridement ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Furcation Defects ; Humans ; Molar ; Perfusion ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To compare the results of IM nailing of femur shaft fractures using trochanteric and piriformis fossa entry portal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 37 patients were treated with IM nail using Trochanteric (Trochanter group: TG, n=17) and piriformis fossa entry portal (piriformis group: PG, n=20) and were followed from February 2004 to 2007. The outcomes were assessed based on the clinical and radiographic findings. RESULTS: The functional result, ROM and union time were similar in both groups. The alignment was similar in both groups but PG showed variable alignment in proximal 1/3. Incision was larger in PG (PG=8.7 cm, TG=5.8 cm, p<0.05) and there was a difference between overweight and normal weight group. Operative time was 95 minutes in PG, 87 minutes in TG (p>0.05), there was statistically significant difference in overweight groups (PG=125 minutes, TG=90 minutes, p<0.05). Blood loss was 313 cc in PG, 268 cc in TG and less in TG in overweight patients (p<0.05). There was 5.7degrees of varus angulation in PG, 2 nonunion cases in both groups. CONCLUSION: The femoral nail specially designed for trochanteric insertion resulted in high union rates, low complication rates similar to conventional nail and the trochanteric nail can be the alternative choice especially in proximal femur fracture and overweight patients.
Femur ; Humans ; Nails ; Operative Time ; Overweight

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue treatment effects of nonextraction therapy using the modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) to those of premolar extraction (PE) treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion. METHODS: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalographs of 40 adult patients with Class II malocclusion were retrospectively analyzed. The MCPP group comprised 20 patients treated with total arch distalization of the maxillary arch while the PE group comprised 20 patients treated with four PE. Fifty-eight linear and angular measurements were analyzed to assess the changes before and after treatment. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to evaluate the treatment effects within and between the two groups. RESULTS: The MCPP group presented 3.4 mm of retraction, 1.0 mm of extrusion, and 7.3° lingual inclination of the maxillary central incisor. In comparison, the PE group displayed greater amount of maxillary central incisor retraction and retroclination, mandibular incisor retraction, and upper lip retraction (5.3 mm, 14.8°, 5.1 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). In addition, the MCPP group showed 4.0 mm of distalization and 1.3 mm of intrusion with 2.9° distal tipping of the maxillary first molars. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the MCPP is an effective distalization appliance in the maxillary arch. The amount of incisor retraction, however, was significantly higher in the PE group. Therefore, four PE may be recommended when greater improvement of incisor position and soft-tissue profile is required.
Adult ; Bicuspid* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

STUDY DESIGN: A retrograde study of metal failures at thoracolumbar spinal fractures fixed using pedicle screws. OBJECTIVES: The predictability and usefulness of the McCormack's classifications for metal failures was compared with Magerl's classifications. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The load sharing classification was introduced to predict metal failure after short-segmental pedicle screw fixation by McCormack. However, its reliability is uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2000 to July 2003, this study examined the plain radiographs and CT images of 31 out of 46 patients who underwent posterior stabilization using pedicle screws for thoracolumbar fractures and could be followed up at least 1 year. Fractures were classified utilizing Denis's, Magerl's, and McCormack's systems. RESULTS: As a result of analysis of relation between metal failure and classification system by Magerl or McCormack, there was no significant difference in its distribution. There was no correlation between the fixation range and metal failures in type C3 fractures, but there was a correlation between short fixation and metal failures in rotational burst fractures in short fixation. CONCLUSIONS: In order to prevent metal failures after fixing thoracolumbar spinal fractures by pedicle screws, the stability should be evaluated using Magerl's classification and McCormack's total score. In addition, in cases of type C3 fractures according to the Magerl's classification, reconstructions should be carried out with a long segment fixation or anterior supporting bone grafts, particularly when McCormack's total score is greater than 7.
Humans ; Spinal Fractures ; Spine ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the center of resistance of the maxillary teeth in relation to alveolar bone loss. METHODS: A finite element model, which included the upper dentition and periodontal ligament, was designed according to the amount of bone loss (0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm). The teeth in each group were fixed with buccal and lingual arch wires and splint wires. Retraction and intrusion forces of 200 g for 4 and 6 anterior teeth groups and 400 g for the full dentition group were applied. RESULTS: The centers of resistance were at 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm apical and 12 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm posterior in the 4 incisor group; 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm apical and 14 mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm posterior in the 6 anterior teeth group; and 11 mm, 13 mm, 14.5 mm apical and 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 25.5 mm posterior in the full dentition group respectively according to 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm bone loss. CONCLUSIONS: The center of resistance shifted apically and posteriorly as alveolar bone loss increased in 4 and 6 anterior teeth groups. However, in the full dentition group, the center of resistance shifted apically and anteriorly in the 4 mm bone loss model.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Dentition ; Finite Element Analysis ; Incisor ; Periodontal Ligament ; Splints ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Histopathological classification of invasive breast carcinoma with its earliest phases is fraught with pitfalls. We were willing to clarify the biology and clinicopathological features of microinvasive carcinoma which is not fully understood in comparison with those of in situ cancer. Particular attention is paid to identifying the novel markers which can be representative of the microinvasive carcinoma. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 1996, a total of 72 microinvasive carcinomas, defined as in situ carcinomas with invasion present in less than 10% of the histological section, were found out. Their paraffin blocks were chosen for immunohistochemical staining against four molecules. RESULTS: Microinvasive carcinoma was greater in primary tumor size (2.66?0.17cm vs 2.21?0.19cm, P=0.045) and metastatic axillary nodes (0.21?0.25 vs 0.06?0.16, P=0.019) than DCIS. In terms of nuclear grade(P=0.198) and comedo type(P=0.562), there was no statistical significance between microinvasive carcinoma and DCIS. Among three primary tumor features(size, comedo component, and nuclear grade), the tumor size> or =2.5cm had marginal significance affecting the incidence of axillary node metastasis in microinvasive carcinoma(P=0.081). Of investigational prognostic factors, determined by immunohistochemical staining, p53 expression was observed more frequently in microinvasive disease entity from in situ to invasive from than DCIS(P=0.031). CONCLUSION: Microinvasive carcinoma is thought to be transitional disease entity from in situ to invasive form. The microinvasive carcinoma of 2.5cm could be indication for axillary node dissection. In addition, p53 mutation might play a important biological role in progression from noninvasive to invasive form and these results provide further evidence that p53 mutation could have potential use as a molecular marker.
Biology ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Classification ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin

To overcome the limitations of clonogenic assay (low plating efficiencies, clumping artifacts, long assay duration), we performed chemosensitivity test using MTT and neutral red biologic assay on SC-115 (androgen stimulated mouse tumor) and TCC-SuP (human bladder tumor) cell lines. The anticancer agents tested were adriamycin, cisplatin, methotrexate and combination of these drugs. And the following results were obtained ; 1) The growth of two cell lines were inhibited dose-dependently by application of adriamycin, cisplatin and combination of drugs. But methotrexate was not effective on TCC-SuP cell line. 2) The neutral red biologic assay is more convenient and rapid method than MTT assay but staining ability is superior in MTT assay. 3) The MTT and neutral red biologic assay offer advantages in speed, simplicity, cost & safety for the chemosensitivity test and for determining the new regimen.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Artifacts ; Biological Assay* ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Humans* ; Methotrexate ; Mice* ; Neutral Red* ; Staining and Labeling ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: The histopathological classification of an invasive breast carcinoma in its earliest phases is fraught with pitfalls. We wanted to clarify the biology and the clinicopathological features of a microinvasive carcinoma, which are not fully understood, by comparing then with those of an in-situ cancer. Particular attention was paid to identifying the novel markers which might be representative of a microinvasive carcinoma. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 1996, a total of 72 microinvasive carcinomas, defined as in-situ carcinomas with invasion present in less than 10% of the histological section, were found. Their paraffin blocks were chosen for immunohistochemical staining against four molecules. RESULTS: Microinvasive carcinomas had a greater primary-tumor size (2.66+/-0.17 cm vs 2.21+/-0.19 cm, p=0.045) and a larger number of metastatic axillary nodes (0.21+/-0.25 vs 0.06+/-0.16, p=0.019) than DCIS (Ductal carcinoma in situ). In terms of nuclear grade (p=0.198) and comedo type (p=0.562), there were no statistical significances between microinvasive carcinomas and DCIS. Among three primary- tumor features (size, comedo component, and nuclear grade), a tumor size> or =2.5 cm had a marginal significance affecting the incidence of axillary-node metastasis in microinvasive carcinomas (p=0.081). Of the investigational prognostic factors determined by using immunohistochemical staining, p53 expression was observed more frequently in microinvasive tumors than in DCIS (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: A microinvasive carcinoma is thought to be transitional disease entity between the in-situ to the invasive forms. In spite of the marginal statistical significance of the result a microinvasive carcinoma larger than 2.5 cm could be an indication for axillary-node dissection. In addition, p53 mutation might play an important biological role in the progression from a noninvasive to an invasive form. Also the results provide further evidence that p53 mutation might have potential use as a molecular marker.
Biology ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Classification ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is a very rare sex cord stromal tumor occurring in a younger age group than other types of stromal tumors and most commonly accompanied by menstrual irregularity. Several unique histologic features including pseudolobulation, sclerosis and prominent vascularity are clearly reflected at ultrasonography and MRI. We report the ultrasonographic and MR features of three cases of histologically confirmed SSTs, and relate them to the pathological findings.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Reflux esophagitis is pertained to gastroesophageal reflux disease. On recent studies, western GERD patients shows reflux esophagitis over than 50% on gastroscopy. We expect lower incidence of reflux esophagitis in Korea, but few epidemiological data are available for korean patients. We intended to investigate the alteration of incidence of reflux esophagitis by gastroscopy result for patients who visited general health screening center and department of gastroenterology with chief complaint of gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: The 13,439 people of general health screening center visitors, 28,037 patients who visited department of gastroenterology due to gastrointestinal symptoms from March, 1996 to August, 1999 were underwent gastroscopy. And 24,952 patients who showed gastrointestinal symptoms and general health screening center visitors from March, 1993 to Feburary, 1996 were also underwent gastroscopy. The grading of esophagitis was based on the Savary-Miller classification and prevalence alteration of reflux esophagitis was investigated by retrospective manner. RESULTS: 1) Overall prevalence of general health screening people group and patients with gastrointestinal symptoms from March, 1993 to Feburary, 1996 was 2.08%. 2) Overall prevalence of general health sceening group from March, 1996 to August, 1999 was 2.37%. During the same period, Overall prevalence of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 3.69%. Overall prevalence was 2.96% and it was higher than that of 3 years ago (2.02%). CONCLUSIONS: On recent gastrofiberscopy studies, prevalence of reflux esophagitis is increasing. So further investigation is needed on the prevalence of reflux esophagitis over the whole country by prospective manner.
Classification ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Esophagitis ; Esophagitis, Peptic* ; Gastroenterology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence* ; Retrospective Studies