This study was undertaken to clarify whether the color changes of skin in summer are remarkable or not. The skin color of abdomen, extensor and flexor of forearm, forehead, and cheek were measured in 27 health male students who had never tanned their skin intentionally during this experiment with Color and Color Difference Meter(Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Ca. CP6R 1001-DP) which represents skin color as 'L', 'a', and 'b' values. The 'L', 'a', and 'b' values mean the degree of lightness, redness, and yellowness respectively. Measurements had been performed four times repeatedly from summer(june) to auturmn(October) with intervals of 6 weeks. The obtained values were evaluated with statistical method, and the results were sumrnarized as follows: l. Abdominal skin showed no significant color changes in this experiment. 2 Extensor and flexor skin of forearm showed significant decrease in lightness from July, and the degree of decrease was more remarkable on extensor skin than on flexor skin. The lighteness had not been recovered by October on extensor skin and by September on flexor skin. There was no significant change in redness and yellowness on both places in this experiment. 3. Forehead skin showed no significant change in lightness and yellowness in this experiment, and showed transient decrease in redness in July. 4. Cheek skin showed no significant change in lighteness and redness in this experiment, and showed transient increase in yellowness in October.
Abdomen ; Cheek ; Forearm ; Forehead ; Humans ; Intention ; Male* ; Skin* ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

Eighty long bone open fractures were treated with immediate internal fixation within an average of 7.4 hours after trauma from June, 1984 to September, 1989. Mean follow-up was 17 months ranging from 1 year to 3 years and 4 months. Fifty-four tibia, 11 femur, 9 forearm, and 6 humerus open fractures were encountered. According to Gustilo and Anderson's wound classification, there were 19 Type I, 26 Type II, and 35 Type III open fractures. Internal fixation was facilitated with plate and screws in 58 cases, Ender nails in 13 cases, Kuntscher nails in 3 cases, and screws only in 5cases. Bone grafting was performed in 47 cases. Uncomplicated union was achieved in 16cases (84 %) in type I, 23 cases (88%) in Type II, and 18 cases (51%) in Type III. Transient soft tissue infection was noted in 3 cases(16%) in Type I, 3 cases(8%) in Type II, and 5 cases(14%) in Type III. Transient osteomyelitis was present in 1 caes(4%) in Type II, and 4 cases(11%) in Type III, and all were resolved within 1 month. Three cases of Type III open fractures where mutilated injury was associated with severe vascular injuries were ended up with amputation. Five unions (14%) in Type III were complicated with chronic osteomyelitis. Overall uncomplicated union was achieved in 38 cases (87%) in Type I & II, and 18 cases (51%) in Type III. Soft tissue coverage especially with viable muscle and stable fixation with good cortical contact seemed to be important prognostic factors. While there exists potential disadvantages of higher minor and major complication rates and more sophisticated management of the patient, this one-stage open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft which converts open fracture into stable closed fracture might be of some value especially in Type I & II open fractures in terms of simultaneous management of fracture and open wound, prevention of secondary infection, anatomical reduction including joint congruity, stable maintenance of reduction, elimination of deformity, and early joint motion.
Amputation ; Bone Transplantation ; Classification ; Coinfection ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Humerus ; Joints ; Osteomyelitis ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Vascular System Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

The retinoic acid and retinoid(Ro 11-1430) were alternately applied topically on forty patients with acne vulgaris. Therapeutic effects and side reactions of this regimen were compared with our previous studies of the treatment with retinoic acid alone and with retinoid alone. Compared with the treatment with retinoic acid alone, the therapsutic effect of the alternating treatment was relatively superior as indicated by the markedly reduced severity of local side reactions.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Humans ; Tretinoin

Impaired sweating reportedly has been associated with a high incidence of heat pyrexia. An important cause is attributed to sweat gland fatigue following intense prolonged sweating. For further investigation, sweat gland fatigue was induced by heat exposure for 2 hours in a hot room (dry bulb 46c, wet bulb 37c) with 9 healthy subjects. Sweating rate of the right forearm increased progressively for the first 45 minutes with a maximum value of 40.0mg/4. 91 cm2/15 min followed by a slow decrease to 24.9 mg/4.91cm2/15 min at the end of 2 hours. Active sweat pores decreased in number following 2 hours of heat exposure but the differences were not significant statistically. In spite of the higher sweat rate on the back, the number of active sweat pores was smaller as compared to the right forearm. Na+ concentrations of the second hour sweat collections were higher than those of the first hour with difference of 14. 9 mEq/l on the right forearm and 12.3 mEq/1 on the back.
Fatigue ; Fever ; Forearm ; Hot Temperature* ; Incidence ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; Sweating

Serum IgE values were determined in 100 patients vith atogic dermatitis in the Department of Dermatology at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from Oct. 1, 1978 to Mar. 31, 1980. Mean IgE value of patients is 293. 4 unit/ml which is significantly higher than reference value, and the following results were obtained. 1. The mean IgE value in adults with atopic dermatitis, 339.8 unit/ml, 30 cases: more tian 16 years old) was significantly higher than in children(251. 4 unit /ml, 70 cases). 2. Male patierts showed higher IgE va,lue (mean 324. 5 unit/ml, 62 cases,' than female patients (242.7 unit/ml, 38 cases). 3. No close correlation was demonstrated between IgE values and eosiniphils in blood. 4. Patients with parasitic infesta,tion (5 cases) showed relatively increased IgE values (mean; 116. 2 unit/ml;. 5. Patients wifh bronchial asthma (2 cases) showed high IgE values exceeding 1000 unit/ml, 6. IgE. values roughly correlated with severity of the dermatitis. Four cases with high IgE values exceeding 1000 unit/ml were included in the clinically severe group.
Adult ; Asthma ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Male ; Reference Values

The incidence of skin diseases in the hospital practice cannot give a true picture of their prevalence in the population served. Nevertheless the hospital incidence figures usually offer the only available means of assessing prevalence, and therefore provide us with a potentially valuable source of information on the ecology of many skin disorders. (countinued..)
Ecology ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Diseases* ; Statistics as Topic*

Ants(Family Formicidae) are very successful organisms occuring in trernendous numbers worldwide in terrestrial habitats. All ant species may bite, and on species sting. 48 species in 26 genus have been reported in Korea, but only systemic reaction induced by the anti Brachyponera chinersis, has been reported in the Korea terature. A 48 year old man was stung on the neck, abdomen, and dorsum of the hand by flying stinging ants. He experienced moderate pain, burning and itching sensation. Clinical course and histopathologic findings of the lesions caused by the stinging ant was observed without specific treatment. The stinging ants collected from t,he patient.s skin and his house were identified as Euponera chosensis belonging to Subfamily Ponerinae. To the best of our know ledge, this is the first clinical repor of the insect sting by Euponera chosensis in the Korean literature.
Abdomen ; Ants ; Bites and Stings ; Burns ; Diptera ; Ecosystem ; Hand ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings* ; Insects* ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Skin

No abstract available
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Stents*

No abstract available.
Peripheral Nerves* ; Rabbits* ; Regeneration*

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humerus*