No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines*

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Brain* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Brain* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Defense Mechanisms*

No abstract available.
Depression* ; Humans

Hermann Hesse's personal life (1877–1962) is characterized by traumatization caused by suppressive pietistic discipline of his parents during his youth, and depression in his middle age accompanied by psychoanalysis treatment. At the age of 15, he was admitted to mental institutions due to defiant behavior. With this traumatic experience, his psychosexual development seemed inhibited during his adolescence. At age 39, depression developed precipitated by the death of his father. Hesse had received Jungian psychoanalysis from Dr. Lang and Dr. Jung over a 10-year period. However, psychoanalysis could not prevent the recurrence of depression. His appreciation of psychoanalysis became critical. Meanwhile, Hesse announced that he had been a Protestant Christian. In his 50s, he began to create new novels which, beyond polarity based on Jungian psychoanalysis, described the journey toward a greater harmonious and spiritual oneness. Pietism was at one time the reason of his pain, but became life-long support for Hesse's spiritual maturity. He was diagnosed with type II bipolar disorder. The main dynamic factors are thought to be ambivalence, feelings of guilt regarding his aggression toward his parents, and sexual conflict. His coping mechanisms seemed to include pietistic self-control, avoidance, scholarship and creation of literature. By writing the autobiographical Bildungsromans, Hesse tried not only to master his own personal problems but to enlighten readers. However, it seemed that he could not overcome the feelings of guilt associated with leaving his father.
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Fathers ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Guilt ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parents ; Protestantism ; Psychoanalysis ; Psychosexual Development ; Recurrence ; Self-Control ; Writing

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the essential symptoms for diagnosing Hwabyung. METHODS: We assessed 221 patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, adjustment disorder, and so-called Hwabyung, using a structured diagnostic interview schedule that included the Korean version of SCID-I and the preliminary diagnostic criteria for Hwabyung. To select essential symptoms for diagnosing Hwabyung, we performed statistical analyses including factor analysis and logistic regression RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that sensations of heat, an epigastric mass, and something pushing up in the chest ; feelings of unfair treatment ; anger ; respiratory stuffiness ; palpitations; headaches ; sighing ;"haan" ; depressive mood ; frightening easily ; dry mouth; and many thoughts were the essential symptoms for a diagnosis of Hwabyung. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we suggest a research diagnostic criteria for Hwabyung.
Adjustment Disorders ; Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Appointments and Schedules ; Depressive Disorder ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Headache ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Sensation ; Somatoform Disorders ; Thorax

This review describes the types of psychiatric treatment studied during the Japanese colonial period of 1910–1945 in Korea, known at the time as Chosun. Twenty-nine research papers and abstracts on psychiatric treatment were reviewed, which were published in the Shinkeigaku-zassi (Neurologia), the Seishin-shinkei-gaku zassi (Psychiatria Et Neurologia Japonica) and the Journal of Chosun Medical Association, by faculty members of the department of neuropsychiatry, Chosun-Governor Hospital and Keijo (Seoul) Imperial University School of Medicine. The major research area was biological psychiatry and biological treatment, as Japanese pioneers in psychiatry at that time had introduced German psychiatry into Japan. Professor Kubo published the most papers, followed by Dr. Hattori, Dr. Hikari, and Professor Suits. In Chosun-Governor Hospital, research on prolonged sleep therapy was an active field. In the Imperial University Hospital, malarial fever therapy, sulphur-induced fever therapy, and insulin shock treatment were the most frequent research topics. Some were tried for the first time in the Japanese Empire, which reflected the pioneering position of the university. These achievements are attributed to Professor Kubo. Six papers on psychotherapy were published. Among them, two papers were on persuasion therapy, three papers were case reports of psychoanalytic therapy, and one paper on Freud. However, this psychoanalytic therapy research seemed to be limited trials conducted following literal guidance, and no further development was noted. Generally, research was characterized by simple design, small numbers of subjects, lack of objective evaluation method, lack of statistical treatment, and especially lack of ethical consideration comparing with today's standard.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Biological Psychiatry ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Insulin Coma ; Japan ; Korea* ; Methods ; Neuropsychiatry ; Persuasive Communication ; Psychiatry* ; Psychoanalytic Therapy ; Psychotherapy