DNA pyrosequencing, one of the advanced methods for DNA sequencing, has been employed for phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities using the conserved 16S rRNA gene. We performed a pilot study on a mother-neonate pair utilizing the DNA pyrosequencing assays to investigate the diversity of microbial communities in maternal amniotic fluid (AF), vagina, and rectum and newborn gastric fluid (GF) and stool. Phylum level analysis revealed that bacterial community was dominated by Firmicutes (63.2%) in maternal feces, and Actinobacteria (84.9%) in maternal vaginal swab. The bacterial communities in both the AF and GF were dominated by Proteobacteria (67.8%). Interestingly, the bacterial community in the newborn's meconium was quite similar to that in the AF. However, the composition of the bacterial community in newborn's feces was different on day 14 and dominated by Firmicutes (91.1%). Genus-level analysis revealed that the bacterial community in maternal feces was dominated by Anaerococcus (19.5%) and Prevotella (18.7%), whereas that in the maternal vaginal swab was dominated by Atopobium (83.6%). The bacterial communities in both the AF and GF were dominated by Sphingomonas (38.5%). The bacterial community in the newborn's meconium was quite similar to that in the AF, which was dominated by Sphingomonas (45.2%). However, the composition of bacterial community in the newborn's feces on day 14 was relatively different. Future studies with a large number of infants are needed to determine the factors involved in the changing profile of newborn's fecal bacterial communities.
Actinobacteria ; Amniotic Fluid ; DNA ; Feces ; Female ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature* ; Meconium ; Microbiota ; Pilot Projects* ; Prevotella ; Proteobacteria ; Rectum ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sphingomonas ; Vagina

The exact analysis of urinary calculi is very important to study of the etiology of calculus formation, prevention of recurrence and medical treatment. Compared with all the other method, the infrared spectroscopic analysis furnished a permanent record in a very short time. And it is ideal method for qualitative identification and semiquantitative estimation of small fractions of calculi by simple procedure rapidly. A retrospective review of stone analysis by infrared spectroscopy, with KBr tablet method was performed in 105 cases of 219 urinary stone patients, who had been admitted to the Fatima Hospital from May, 1980 to December, 1983. And the following results were obtained 1. Mixed calculus is more than single calculus(1 : 1.56) . The most common type of calculi is calcium oxalatetribasic calcium phosphate (47.6%) . And the most common type of single calculi is calcium oxalate (29.5%) . 2. The most common type of component is calcium oxalate (55.6%) 3. Calcium oxalate-tribasic calcium phosphate is the most common type in the renal (46.2%) and the ureteral stones (53%) . But in the bladder stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate is the most ( 33.3%). 4. Among the 10 laminated stones, 4 cases contain the different components in nucleus and outermost layer 5. Pyuria is observed in 48.6% of all urinary stone patients, in 32.3% of calcium oxalate stone and in more than 80% of magnesium ammonium phosphate stone. 6. Calcium oxalate stone is most common in the age of 20, calcium oxalate-tribasic calcium phosphate stone are in the age of 20 & 30, and magnesium ammonium phosphate stone is above the age of 40.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Pyuria ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spectrum Analysis* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi*

We report a case of left adrenal pheochromocytoma in 17-year-old girl, we observed all of vital sign were returned to normal in 19-th postoperative day
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

Synovial sarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor which arising from the synovial lining connective tissue, tendon sheaths and bursae. However, there are a few case reports of this tumor arising from the bone. We have experienced 3 cases of the tumor from the bone, i. e. the head of the left fibula, the sacrum and the right ileum, and the distal end of the left femur. Microscopically they showed typical slit like spaces, lined by epitheloid cells or cuboidal cells and one could easily find out spindle, polygonal, or giant cells. The proximal third of the left fibula was excised, and the other case arising from the sacrum & right ilium was treated with radiation therapy. Another case refused hip disarticulation, The effectiveness of the treatment is uncertain.
Connective Tissue ; Disarticulation ; Femur ; Fibula ; Giant Cells ; Head ; Hip ; Ileum ; Ilium ; Sacrum ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Tendons

During the period of 18 months from December 1984 to May 1986, 41 cases(25.0%) of subpulmonic ventricular septal defect(VSD) were diagnosed among 164 cases of isolated VSD in the cardiac catheterization labortory. The incidence of aortic regurgitation associated subpulmonic VSD(19.5%) was much higher than that of the other types of VSD(2.4%). None of patients less than 1 year old developed aortic regurgitation, the incidence of which has increased with the age after that. That amount of left to right shunt through the VSD was smaller in the patients with aortic cusp prolapse than those without aortic cusp prolapse, and the severity of aortic regurgitation was correlated with that of aortic cusp prolapse. 10 out of 41 patients revealed more than 20mmHg pressure gradient through right ventricle outflow tract and 9 of these patient were as sociated with aortic cusp prolapse.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prolapse

Presacral cystic teratoma is a very rare congenital disease. We report a case of presacral cystic teratoma with review of literature.
Sacrum ; Teratoma*

Presacral cystic teratoma is a very rare congenital disease. We report a case of presacral cystic teratoma with review of literature.
Sacrum ; Teratoma*

A rare care of Sparganosis invading the spinal caral was presented with review of the literatures. A 45 years old male, who had a history of having eaten a raw snake on Sept. 1966, was admitted to our Woo Sok Hospital on Apr. 1967 complaining of the motor weakness of both legs, tingling sensation of both arms and urinary disturbance for 5 months. On surgical exploration, a Sparganum Mnnsoni was completely removed from the extradural space of the spinal canal at T2 and C7 level. The source in infection and route of infestation of Sparganum Mansoni in the case were discussed.
Arm ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensation ; Snakes ; Sparganosis ; Sparganum* ; Spinal Canal*

We have treated total 37 cases of femoral neck fracture in children who were under the 16 years old in age at the Catholic University Medical College since 1985, followed them for average 21 months to analyse their types of fracture and treatment, complications and prevention of complications, and obtained the following results. 1. According to the Delbet's classification, type I was 1 case, II were 18(49%), most common, III were 10 and IV were 8 cases. Their ages were average 8.2 years and boys were predominant in 27 cases. 2. Thirty-six cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation within 1-13 days after fracture, but only one type IV was treated with closed reduction, followed by hip spica cast for 6 to 9 weeks in all. 3. The fixation devises were removed at average 8.7 months after operatio. 4. fifteen complications were observed in 11 cases(37%), that were AVN(3 cases), early physeal closure(8 cases), coxa vara(3 cases), coxa valga and limb shortening(each 1 case), and their causes were severe fracture displacement(2 cases), penetration of fixation devices to physis(8 cases), incomplete reduction and loss of initial reductio (1 case) etc, but were not correlated with their method of fracture treatment. Conclusively, the femur neck fracture in children could favorably be treated with open reduction and internal fixation to reduce their complications. Physeal early closures due to penetration of screws and pin were most common cause of complications, and their long-term follow-up should be necessary.
Child ; Classification ; Coxa Valga ; Extremities ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Methods

OBJECTIVE: In order to establish the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) in large intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we analyzed clinical characteristics, radiological features, and radiosurgical outcomes. METHODS: Between March 1992 and March 2005, 28 of 33 patients with large AVMs (> 10 cm3 in nidus-volume) who were treated with GKS underwent single session radiosurgery (RS), and the other 5 patients underwent staged volumetric RS. Retrospectively collected data were available in 23 cases. We analyzed treatment outcomes in each subdivided groups and according to the AVM sizes. We compared the estimated volume, defined as primarily estimated nidus volume using MR images, with real target volume after excluding draining veins and feeding arteries embedded into the nidus. RESULTS: Regarding those patients who underwent single session RS, 44.4% (8/18) had complete obliteration; regarding staged volumetric RS, the obliteration rate was 40% (2/5). The complete obliteration rate was 60% (6/10) in the smaller nidus group (10-15 cm3 size), and 25% (2/8) in the larger nidus group (over 15 cm3 size). One case of cerebral edema and two cases (8.7%) of hemorrhage were seen during the latent period. The mean real target volume for 18 single sessions of RS was 17.1 cm3 (10.1-38.4 cm3), in contrast with the mean estimated volume of 20.9 cm3 (12.0-45.0 cm3). CONCLUSION: The radiosurgical treatment outcomes of large AVMs are generally poor. However, we presume that the recent development in planning software and imaging devices aid more accurate measurement of the nidus volume, therefore improving the treatment outcome.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain Edema ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Veins