There are many procedures for stabilizing the foot but all frail feet, all complete drop feet, and all calcaneocavus deformities due to paralysis are best treated by pantalar fusion. Hunt and Thompson advised one stage pantalar arthrodesis by astragalectomy and replacement of the denuded bone in paraiytic feet resulting from poliomyelitis. At the Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea, 12 one stage pantalar arthrodesis were performed between 1973 and 1978 and following observations were made. 1. Seven of the patient had pantalar fusions because of poliomyelitis. 2. Five feet were equinovarus and 4 had frail feet with varying amounts of varus or valgus of the forepart of the foot and of the heel. 3. Nine patients were considered to have a good result, two had a fair and one was failure 4. Length of immobilization was from 13 weeks to 37 weeks and the average length of immobilization was 17 weeks. 5. In one stage pantalar arthrodesis, there was no complication except one non-union and the period of hospitalization was decreased.
Arthrodesis ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Foot ; Heel ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Jeollabuk-do ; Korea ; Paralysis ; Poliomyelitis ; Protestantism

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen is a major regulator/modulator of bone metabolism, and bone loss in estrogen deficiency is associated with increased bone turnover, But the mechanism for estrogen action on bone metabolism is still unknown. Recent studies have suggested that the increase in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency is mediated by increased paracrine production of bone resorbing cytokines. Among cytokines, 1nterleukin-6(IL-6) is released from osteoblasts in estrogen deficiency and increases bone resorption by stimulation of osteoclastic activities and recruitment. Thus we performed this study to evaluate the effect of ovariectomies on bone mineral density and IL-6 in cultured monocytes of peripheral blood and bone marrow. METHODS: The experimental animals were 13 female Sprague-Dawley rats that were 8 weeks of age and weighed an average of 188.5 gram at the beginning of the study. Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in all rats from a ventral approach. Bone mineral density(BMD) of the total body, spine and level of IL-6 of cultured monocytes of peripheral blood and bone marrow were measured before and 8 weeks after ovariectomy. RESULTS: 1) BMD of total body and spine were lower after ovariectomy(0.257+/-0.069g/cm2, 0,208+/-0.005g/cm2) than before ovariectomy (0.276+/-0.005g/cm2, 0.229+/-0.011g/cm2), respectively (P<0.01). 2) Although IL-6 level of cultured monocytes in peripheral blood tended to be higher after ovariectomy than before ovariectomy, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). 3) IL-6 level of cultured monocytes in bone marrow was higher after ovariectomy(82.78+/-4.99pg/ml) than before ovariectomy(48.85+/-2.42pg/ml)(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is possible that increased production of IL-6 in estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy occurs in the local environment of bone or bone marrow rather than in the pheripheral blood and stimulates bone resorption.
Animals ; Bone Density* ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Resorption ; Cytokines ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Metabolism ; Monocytes ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spine

Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein normally expressed in mesenchymal cells, but the evidence of the aberrant expression of vimentin in epithelial cancer cells suggests that the vimentin expression might be related to local invasiveness and metastatic potential. There have been a few previous studies on the vimentin expression in human cervical carcinogenesis using in vivo and in vitro models. We examined the immunohistochemical vimentin expression in various squamous epithelial neoplasms of the uterine cervix, including the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia group (n=25), the microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma group (n=15), the invasive squamous cell carcinoma group (n=15) and the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma group (n=8). Vimentin positivity was significantly higher in the invasive than in the intraepithelial group, and in the cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis, suggesting a relationship between the vimentin expression and progression of the uterine cervical epithelial tumors.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Intermediate Filaments ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial* ; Vimentin*

No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head*

Hypernephroma comprises about 85-90% of renal malignancy in adults. The natural course of hypernephroma isvery diverse and unpredictable from abrupt explosive growth with wide spread metastasis to asymptomatic slowgrowth for several years. Reports from aliens indicated that hypernephroma with histopathological papillary growthpattern has better prognosis and more frequently hypovascular on renal angiography and less echogenic onultrasonography than non-papillary hypernephroma. Reviewed here retrospectively all the patients who were admittedand diagnosed as hypernephroma histopathologically at the Severance Hospital from March, 1973 through September,1984, in respective of angiographic vascularity, ultrasonographic echogenicity, histopathologic cell type andgrowth pattern, and following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of calcification in hypernephroma was 7cases out of 53 cases(13%). The incidence of hypernephroma according to cell type was clear cell type 20 cases(56%), mixed cell type 11 cases (31%), granular cell type 4 cases (11%), sarcomatous cell type 1 case(2%). Theincidence of hypernephroma according to growth pattern was papillary growth pattern 14 cases(45%) andnon-papillary growth pattern 17 cases(55%). 2. Renal angiographically, hypervascular hypernephroma was 19cases(73%), hypovascular hypernephromas was 6 cases(23%), all of which showed abnormal marginal vessels. 3.Angiographically hypervascular hypernephroma had high incidence of predominantly high echogenicity andangiographically hypervascular hypernephroma had high incidence of predominantly low echogenicity. 4. Clear celltype hypernephroma had high incidence of predominantly low echogenicity on ultrasonography. 5. Predominantly lowechogneic hypernephroma had high incidence of papillary growth pattern and predominantly high echogenichypernephroma had high incidence of non-papillary growth pattern. In summary, clear cell type hypernephroma hadhigh incidence of hypovascularity angiographically and hypovascularity on angiography was correlated withpredominantly low echogenicity on ultrasonography, and predominantly low echognicity had high incidence ofpapillary hypernephroma which was reported to have more good prognosis than non-papillary hypernephroma. So, itcan be suggested that if a hypernephroma show hypovascularity on angiography or predominantly low echogenicity onultrasonography, it has a good prognosis than hypervascular or predominantly high echogenic hypernephroma.
Adult ; Angiography ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma

Unicameral bone cyst is an uncommon tumor-like lesion of the bone, containing distended channels or cavities filled with serous fluid. Four cases of cystic lesion at the upper end of the humerus were revealed to be unicameral bone cyst roentgenographically and microscopically. Two cases were treated with radical curettage followed by homogenous and autogenous bone graft, and one case was treated with radical curettage followed by homogenous bone graft. The other was treated with radical curettage followed by autogenous fibula graft. All cases made uneventful recoveries, and they had no complaints and no evidence of recurrence, A brief summary of literatures is submitted.
Bone Cysts ; Curettage ; Fibula ; Humerus ; Recurrence ; Transplants

30 cases of distal femur fracture were treated with cast-brace for 2 years and 6 months from Feb., 1977 till July, 1979 at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, in Jeon Ju. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In 9 cases, cast-brace were applied initially and other 21 cases were treated with cast-brace secondarily after operation. 2. 20 cases were male and 10 cases were female. 3. 12 cases were on mid 1/3 fracture and 18 cases were distal 1/3 fracture involving 2 condylar fractures. 4. The average duration of fracture healing was 14.7 weeks in the cases with cast-brace which is compared with 20.7 weeks of hip-spica cast control group. 5. A.G.F. of knee joint was 80–115 degree at removal of cast-brace, otherwise merely 50–65 degree at dlscarding of hip-spica cast. 6. There were no complication such as nonunion or delayed union in the cases with cast-brace.
Braces ; Female ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Protestantism

Harrington Instrumentation is very effective method for treating the unstable thoraco-lumbar spine fracture and fracture-dislocations. Authors performed Harrington Instrumentations in 8 cases of unstable thoraco-lumbar spine fracture and fracture-dlslocations. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Spinal fracture and fracture-dislocations are most common in thoraco-lumbar junction. 2. Laminectomy increases the instability of the spine. 3. Pain was more common in the patient who has severe deformity of the spine. 4. Neurological recovery; a) In case of complete paralysis... returns of useless motor power in 2 of 6 cases. b) In case of incomplete paralysis... complete returns in all 2 patients. 5. Harrington Instrumentation is very effective for restoring the spine stability in unstable fracture and fracture-dislocations. 6. Early mobilization was possible and hospitalization period was shortened by Harrington Instrumentation.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Methods ; Paralysis ; Spinal Fractures ; Spine

Cervical spine injuries are increasing recently due to increasing traffic accidents. Many patients have been treated with cervical laminectomy but stabilization of the cervical spine has been neglected as a part of the treatment. 30 patients with cervical spine injuries who were admitted to our hospital from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 1978 were evaluated. The following observations were made: 1. The ratio between male and female was 2:1 and the majority(43%) were found in the 4th decades. 2. The common causes of cervical spine injuries were traffic accident(40%) and falls(33.3%). The most common site of the lesion was the 5th and 6th cervical spine level (33.3%). 3. Among 30 cases, 10 cases(33.3%) had complete paralysis, 12 cases(40%) incomplete paralysis, 6 cases (20%) had nerve root injury and no neurological change is 2 cases. 4. The mechanisms of cervical injuries were classified morphologically and flexion-rotation injuries (55.5%) were the most common. 5. We evaluated the results of treatment neurological & radiographically. In complete paralysis, there was no neurological improvement and cervical kyphosis increased after laminectomy. In incomplete paralysis and nerve root injury, anterior fusion showed slight neurological recovery but mild cevical kyphosis and displacement of the graft were observed. In posterior fusion or cast immobilization, we had a satisfactory result with a high fusion rate and normal cervical curvature. 6. lt is impossible to compare anterior interbody fusion with posterior fusion for neurological recovery. For early mobilization and rehabilitation, we emphasize early stabilization by anterior or posterior fusion according to the mechanism of injury.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Kyphosis ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Spine ; Transplants