Endodontic microsurgery is defined as the treatment performed on the root apices of an infected tooth, which was unresolved with conventional root canal therapy. Recently, the advanced technology in 3-dimensional model reconstruction based on computed tomography such as cone beam computed tomography has opened a new avenue in application of personalized, accurate diagnosis and has been increasingly used in the field of dentistry. Nevertheless, direct intra-oral localization of root apex based on the 3-dimensional information is extremely difficult and significant amount of bone removal is inevitable when freehand surgical procedure was employed. Moreover, gingival flap and alveolar bone fenestration are usually required, which leads to prolonged time of surgery, thereby increasing the chance of trauma as well as the risk of infection. The purpose of this case report is to present endodontic microsurgery using the guide template that can accurately target the position of apex for the treatment of an anterior tooth with calcified canal which was untreatable with conventional root canal therapy and unable to track the position of the apex due to the absence of fistula.
Apicoectomy ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dentistry ; Diagnosis ; Fistula ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been hypothesized to be more effective for the control of bleeding esophageal varices than ligation alone. The present study was to compare the combined therapy with ligation alone in terms of variceal eradication, rebleeding, complication and survival rates in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation alone in 20 patients or the combined therapy in 18 patients. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients in the ligation group were similar to those of patients in the combination group. In the combination group, 1-3 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Treatments were repeated every 2- to 3-month until varices were eradicated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the ligation and combination groups in variceal eradication rates (70% vs. 72%), numbers of endoscopic sessions required to achieve eradication (3.5+/-0.33 vs. 3.3+/-0.31), rebleeding rates (30% vs. 28%) or 2-yr cumulative survival rates (95% vs. 75%). There were significantly more complications in the combination group (25% vs. 89%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ligation alone is recommended rather than the combined ligation and sclerotherapy because of its lower complication rates.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been hypothesized to be more effective for the control of bleeding esophageal varices than ligation alone. The present study was to compare the combined therapy with ligation alone in terms of variceal eradication, rebleeding, complication and survival rates in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation alone in 20 patients or the combined therapy in 18 patients. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients in the ligation group were similar to those of patients in the combination group. In the combination group, 1-3 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Treatments were repeated every 2- to 3-month until varices were eradicated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the ligation and combination groups in variceal eradication rates (70% vs. 72%), numbers of endoscopic sessions required to achieve eradication (3.5+/-0.33 vs. 3.3+/-0.31), rebleeding rates (30% vs. 28%) or 2-yr cumulative survival rates (95% vs. 75%). There were significantly more complications in the combination group (25% vs. 89%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ligation alone is recommended rather than the combined ligation and sclerotherapy because of its lower complication rates.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

We experienced a case of clipping of an intracranial aneurysm of a 63 year old male with a subarachnoid hemorrhage under general anesthesia. Preoperative electrocardiography showed complete Left Bundle Block (LBBB) without subjective symptoms. Among the intraventricular blocks, bundle branch block is the most common type and in particular, complete LBBB may progress to the more serious condition of complete heart block. Consideration of anesthetic management in such patients requires a knowledge of normal cardiac physiology, neurophysiology, the circulatory effects of various anesthetic agents and the pathophysiology of these diseases, to prevent any hypertension in response to intubation and surgery. We report upon the anesthetic management of a patient for clipping of an intracranial aneurysm with complete LBBB, which was performed successfully without complication.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Bundle-Branch Block* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Intubation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurophysiology ; Physiology ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine relationships between nurse staffing level and postsurgical patient outcomes using inpatient database from the National Health Insurance. METHODS: Records of 111,491 patients who received one of 12 types of surgery between January and December, 2009 were identified and analyzed in this study. Nurse staffing level was measured using adjusted nurse staffing grades from 0 to 7. Patient outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality, or pneumonia, sepsis, or urinary tract infection after surgery. Logistic regression analyses estimated by Generalized Estimation Model, were used to analyze the association between nurse staffing level and patient outcomes. RESULTS: An inverse relationship was found between nurse staffing and patient mortality. Compared with patients who were cared for in hospitals with the highest nurse staffing (Grades 0-1), increases in the odds of dying were found in those with Grades 6-7 [OR (odds ratio)=2.99, 95% CI (confidence interval)=1.94-4.60], those with Grades 4-5 (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.24-2.57) and those with Grades 2-3 (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.25-1.98). Lower nurse staffing level was also associated with higher number of cases in pneumonia and sepsis. CONCLUSION: Policies for providing adequate nurse staffing is required to enhance quality of care and lead to better perioperative patient outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; *Hospital Mortality ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*supply & distribution ; Odds Ratio ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pneumonia/etiology/*mortality ; Sepsis/etiology/*mortality ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects ; Urinary Tract Infections/etiology/*mortality

Living donor liver transplantation is increasingly performed as an alternative to cadaveric transplantation. Preoperative screening of the donor candidates is very important. The quality, size, and vascular and biliary anatomy of the liver are best assessed with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography (CT). In particular, the volume of the potential graft must be measured to ensure sufficient liver function after surgery. Preoperative liver segmentation has proved useful for measuring the graft volume before living donor liver transplantations in previous studies. In these studies, the liver segments were manually delineated on each image section. The delineated areas were multiplied by the section thickness to obtain volumes and summed to obtain the total volume of the liver segments. This process is tedious and time consuming. To compensate for this problem, automatic segmentation techniques have been proposed with multiplanar CT images. These methods involve the use of sequences of thresholding, morphologic operations (ie, mathematic operations, such as image dilation, erosion, opening, and closing, that are based on shape), and 3D region growing methods. These techniques are complex but require a few computation times. We made a phantom for volume measurement with pig and evaluated actual volume of spleen and liver of phantom. The results represent that our semiautomatic volume measurement algorithm shows a good accuracy and repeatability with actual volume of phantom and possibility for clinical use to assist physician as a measuring tool.
Animals ; Cadaver ; Dietary Sucrose ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Screening ; Mathematics ; Spleen ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benig nepithelial tumor of the liver. The etiology of FNH is unknown, but recent evidence suggests that FNH may represent a localized, hyperplastic response to a pre-existing vascular malformat ion. There is a high probability of as sociat edlesions , most commonly hepatic hemangiomas, meningioma, as trocytoma, and arterial dysplasia in various organs . In the present report we describe a FNH with aberrant lymphatics in a 24-year-old woman. In operation field, lymphatics were located on the site of falciform ligament. Histologically, aberrant lymphatics were composed of well vas cularized complex lymphatic channels and the mass were typical FNH. In this case, the role of aberrant lymphatics in the development of FNH was unclear . But as the FNH frequently as sociated with ot her anomalies , we think the aberrant lymphatic as such anomaly that have not been reported.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Female ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Liver ; Meningioma ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: B1 field of birdcage RF (radiofrequency) coil that is used most for brain imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) decreases toward endring from the coil center. We investigated how much RF B1 homogeneity effect the endcap shield brings form the coil center as it towards to endcap region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared RF B1 field distribution by each finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations for lowpass, highpass and hybrid birdcage RF coils. We selected the highpass birdcage RF coil that was the highest RF B1 field condition as simulation result, and studied how much RF B1 homogeneity effect was occurred when endcap shield was applied to endring area. RESULTS: B1 field of the highpass birdcage RF coil was higher than other birdcage RF coil types as simulation result. However, the RF B1 homogeneity was lower than other coil types. RF B1 field of highpass birdcage RF coil with endcap shield is similar with RF B1 field of hybrid birdcage RF coil and the overall RF B1 homogeneity in sagittal direction was better. CONCLUSION: In this paper, proposed method can apply improving RF B1 homogeneity of RF coil in clinical examination.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neuroimaging

No abstract available.
Brain*

No abstract available.
Brain*