Thirteen guinea pigs and 23 rabbits were challenged with 300 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis each and the recovery of adult worms and egg counts in feces were compared at 11-13 weeks post-infection in guinea pigs and at 7-9 weeks post-infection in rabbits. The recovery rate of adult worm was 23.5 percent in guinea pigs and 20.l-30.5 percent in rabbits. The mean E.P.G. of these animals in above period of infection was 106 in guinea pigs and 121 in rabbits. When one hundredth of E.P.G. was expressed as X and the number of adult worms as Y, the relationships between X and Y were as follows; Y=0.8X+10.8 in guinea pigs and Y=0.7X+6 in rabbits.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; guinea pig ; rabbit ; egg

Randomly selected 193 patients who received elective operation under general anesthesia and were able to communicate with anesthesiologists and follow up for 5 days between May and September 1994 at Chonnam University Hospital, were interviewed and evaluated on the night before, 2 and 5 days after their operation. Distribution of physieal status by ASA was that more than half the total patients belongs to class I and 36.8% of patients were under class II. Sedation scores did not chang between on the night before and the day of operation. A significant correlation existed among the visibility of pharyngeal structures, the exposure of glottis by laryngoscopy, and the degree of difficulty with intubation. About 83% of patients was readily intubated, and none of patient was impossible to intubate. All of the patients lost consciousness during induction of anesthesia, and did not recall during operation. Postanesthetic complications were sore throat(30%), nausea and vomiting(28%), lumbago(15%), urticaria(3%), and dizziness(3%).
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Consciousness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glottis ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intraoperative Awareness* ; Intubation* ; Jeollanam-do ; Laryngoscopy ; Nausea

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* ; Varicose Veins*

BACKGREOUND: Despite many advantages of spinal anesthesia, hypotension after spinal anesthesia is a common complication. The practice of routine preemptive infusion of crystalloid before spinal anesthesia has been widespread acceptance. But the value of this practice has recently been questioned. This study was designed to determine whether preoperative administration of crystalloid decrease the incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty ASA I and II patients for elective lower extremities operations under spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive either 500 ml Ringer's lactate solution prior to induction of spinal anesthesia (group I) or no prehydration (group II). Hypotension was defined as a 30% decrease from baseline systolic blood pressure or systolic <90 mmHg, and was treated with ephedrine 5 mg IV boluses. RESULTS: The incidence of hypotension was not significantly different between the two groups. Baseline systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after 5 min in the group I, 1 min in the group II, after induction of spinal anesthesia. The ephedrine dose requirement to maintain systolic pressure >70% of baseline, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, in normovolemic adult patients undergoing elective lower extremities surgery, an intravenous infusion of 500 ml of Ringer's lactate solution is ineffective in preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Pressure ; Ephedrine ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Incidence ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lactic Acid ; Lower Extremity

To evaluate the effect of superior oblique tenotomy on horizontal deviation at primary position in A-pattern exotropia with bilateral superior oblique overaction.We performed adjustable strabismus surgeries under topical anesthesia in 6 patients with A-pattern exotropia. After adjusting horizontal deviation to orthotropia in primary position by horizontal muscle surgery, we measured angle deviation in up, primary, downgaze position and added bilateral superior oblique tenotomy, and remeasured the angle deviation at same positions. We analyzed the angle deviation at postoperative one day, one month, and three month in comparison with the preoperative value. There were no change of horizontal deviation in primary position in 2 patients, qhile 3 to 8 prism diopter(PD) esotropic shift occurred in 4 patients(average 3.3PD) after bilateral superior oblique tenotomy at last follow-up of 3 month. At 3 month postoperatively, there was a tendency of exotropic shift from esotropia noted at immediate postoperative period. When combined surgeries of superior oblique and horizontal muscle are considered and intraoperative adjustable surgery is not permitted, horizontal muscle surgery can be performed with disregarding the effect of bilateral superior oblique tenotomy on primary position horizontal alignment.
Anesthesia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Strabismus ; Tenotomy*

Background : There is a substantial body of evidence that intraocular pressure increase with age among western population. However, Japanese study showed that intraocular pressure was inversely related with age. So we investigated whether intraocular pressure is related with age for Koreans. Methods : Between March, 1996 and February, 1997, 6201 subjects underwent comprehensive health examinationinthe Kyung Hee medical screening center in Seoul, Korea. The intraocular pressure was measured with pneumatonograpyh. At the same time blood pressure, body weight, height, serum osmolarity, fasting blood glucose, T3, T4, TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone), hematocrit measurements were performed. We selected 250 case randomly and investigated whether the distribution of C/D ration(cup/disk ratio), smoking status, alcohol drinking amount are uniform by aged group. So we measured C/D ratio by fundusphotograph and investigated smoking and drinking habits by questionnaires. Results : In the randomly sampled 250 cases, the amounts of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower in the elderly group. But, the C/D ration didn't show any difference between young and elderly group. In a multivariable analysis, both right and left intraocular pressure showed significantly inverse correlations with aged and visual acuity. Male had significantly higher intraocular pressure than female. Both right and left intraocular pressure showed significant positive correlations with body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hematocrit and systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure, serum osmolarity, T3 and T4 were not associated with intraocular pressure. TSH had significant positive correlation with right intraocular pressure, but no correlation with left intraocular pressure. Conclusion : Age was independently and inversely related with intraocular pressure for Koreans.
Aged ; Aging* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Drinking ; Fasting ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Osmolar Concentration ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Inguinal herniorrhaphy remains one of the most common general surgical operations. Mesh repair is advocated by several specialized hernia centers. The purpose of this study was to compare results of mesh and Shouldice repair for inguinal herniae. METHODS: A clinical review was made of 73 cases of inguinal herniae treated during the 3 years from January 1993 to December 1996 at the Department of Surgery, Dae Rim Saint Mary's Hospital, and at the Department of Surgery, Eum Sung Saint Mary's Hospital. We treated 38 patients with mesh repair and 35 patients with a Shouldice procedure. Among 73 cases, 72 cases were males and only one case was a female. All except 8 cases had indirect types of hernias. RESULTS: Mesh repair required less time (80 minutes) and was an easier operative technique than the Shouldice procedure (95 minutes), but postoperative pain was similar between the two procedures. Postoperative pain was relieved after one week in 60% of the patients and after four weeks in 88% of the patients. The complications following the operations were similar between the two procedures: voiding difficulties developed in two cases, wound infection in one case, and a hematoma in two cases. There were no recurrences during the 6 month to 3 year follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Inguinal herniorrhaphy using a mesh repair technique provides is simple, rapid, less painful, and effective.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Humans ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Recurrence ; Saints ; Wound Infection

INTRODUCTION: Protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation often produces profound hypotension. However, the precise mechanisms of its hypotensive effect have not been fully elucidated. Using a canine model, we explored the effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (INDO), and nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) either alone or both on the cardiopulmonary responses to protamine. METHODS: Fifty-four mongrel dogs in five groups were studied during 1.5% halothane anesthesia. GroupI (n=17) received heparin (300 IU/kg iv) followed by protamine (3 mg/kg iv over 30 s) 5 min after the heparin. The same protocol were used in groups II (n=11), III (n=12), and IV (n=7), except that L-NAME (20 mg/kg), INDO (10 mg/kg), and INDO (10 mg/kg) plus L-NAME (10 mg/kg) were infused over 10 min beginning 30 min before the protamine injection, respectively. Animals in group V (n=7) were given protamine (3 mg/kg) alone. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LVdP/dt and cardiac output and left circumflex coronary flow (LCX flow) via Doppler flowmeter and heart rate were continuously recorded in baseline conditions and up to 15 min. Plasma NOx (NO2-, NO3-) levels were also measured before (baseline) and 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after protamine injection. RESULTS: In group I, protamine caused immediate but transient decreases of MAP (41%), cardiac index (CI, 58%), dP/dt (28%), and LVEDP (62%) and increases of MPAP (38%) and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices (SVRI, 30%; PVRI, 316%). INDO significantly attenuated the hemodynamic responses to protamine, whereas L-NAME did not affect them at all. INDO plus L-NAME prevented protamine-induced hypotension, but CI (-24%) and LVEDP (-30%) showed similar changes as those in group II. Protamine increased MPAP but inconsistently, meanwhile no correlation was found between the magnitude of increase of MPAP and decrease of MAP at peak responses in groups I-IV. LCX flow increased significantly (124~188%) immediately after protamine infusion without any changes in plasma NOx levels in groups I-IV. Neither significant hemodynamic effects nor NOx release was found in animals given protamine alone. CONCLUSION: Protamine in the presence of heparin induces profound hypotension which may be mediated by a prostanoid and other potent vasodilators. In addition, increase of PAP and NO release may not play a significant role in the protamine-induced hypotension.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Dogs* ; Flowmeters ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Heparin ; Hypotension* ; Indomethacin ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Plasma ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Protamines* ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilator Agents

Lisfranc joint injuries are rare and account for 0.2% of all injuries. The pattern of Lisfranc injuries varies from low-energy ligamentous sprain to high-energy fractures or crushing injuries. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Lisfranc injuries are important to prevent chronic foot pain and dysfunction.
Early Diagnosis ; Foot ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Sprains and Strains

A 41-year-old female complaining of easy fatigue, headache, thickened extremities and deepened facial folds was admitted to the hospital. As early as 6 years ago, she had been told by family members that her voice was changed and both hands was thickened. Cranial plain radiography indicated ballooning of sella turcica. Sella MRI disclosed 2.2cm sized pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension. The pituitary tumor with hypothalamic extension was removed via a transsphenoidal approach. The postoperative course was uneventful until hyponatremia with sudden headache and respiratory arrest was developed. The case was due to hyponatremic encephalopathy on the basis of the clinical course and symptoms, and 3% hypertonic saline was infused for 12 hours until the hyponatremia was corrected. We have experienced a mortality case of hyponatremic encephalopathy in which surgieal removal of a pituitary tumor from a female acromegalic patient in menstruant period was followed by the sudden occurrence of hyponatremia, which in turn was later associated with marked brain edema.
Adult ; Brain Edema ; Extremities ; Fatigue ; Female ; Hand ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mortality ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Radiography ; Sella Turcica ; Voice