OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of obese infertile women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Height, weight, body mass index, menstrual pattern, glucose, insulin, glucose / insulin ratio, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone, free testosterone and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) of 15 obese infertile women were tested. RESULTS: Of 15 obese infertile women, the number of diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance was 2 (13%), 2 (13%), 2 (13%), respectively. The incidence of increased DHEA-S, testosterone, and free testosterone was 7 (47%), 1 (7%), 6 (40%), respectively. Notably, all patients showed increased PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with infertility as well as many kinds of health problems. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and it also causes hyperandrogenism. Increased PAI-1 is one of the important causes of thrombophilia. Consequently, in the workup of obese infertile patient, many aspects of health problems should be considered.
Body Weight ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyperinsulinism ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Plasminogen Activators ; Testosterone ; Thrombophilia

No abstract available.
Thrombocythemia, Essential*

OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and infertility. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies were analyzed by Diluted Russell's Viper Venom Test (DRVVT) and solid phase enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: In 200 patients with infertility, there were 6 cases (3%) with positive lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies. Of these, 3 patients (1.5%) showed positive lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies, respectively. In 120 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion, there were 13 cases (10.8%) of positive lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies. Of these, one patient (1%) showed lupus anticoagulants and 12 patients (10%) showed anticardiolipin antibodies. But in two groups, there was no cases with positive lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies. CONCLUSION: Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies are definite cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. There has been a speculation that they might be associated with infertility and repeated IVF failures. But it was found that the role of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies in these cases are not clear.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin* ; Anticoagulants* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Infertility* ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Russell's Viper ; Venoms

Ocular rosacea is the eye manifestations of rosacea, which involves the lids, conjunctiva, and cornea. A recent study revealed that all patients with cutaneous rosacea had some degree of ocular involvement which is often undiagnosed. It is difficult to make a diagnosis of ocular rosacea because it lacks clinical or pathological hallmarks. However, early diagnosis and treatment are emphasized to decrease morbidity and prevent potential blindness. We report a case of ocular rosacea in a 49 year-old man who showed blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, and cutaneous manifestations of persistent erythema, telangiectasia, and papules. The ocular symptoms and signs had improved significantly with tetracycline therapy.
Blindness ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Erythema ; Eye Manifestations ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Middle Aged ; Rosacea* ; Telangiectasis ; Tetracycline

Steatocystoma multiplex is a relatively rare condition characterized by multiple, small, yellowish, cystic nodules 2 to 4mm in diameter locatcd princioally on the upper arms and the thighs. This has a high familial tendency and probably has an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. These tumors of steatocystoma multiplex characteristically contain hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and are to be the dermoid cyst. There was a familial and congenital inferiority in the ectoderm in both patient and family, ie, ichthyosis, hypohidrosis, koilonychia, milia and comedones. A 26 year-old Korean soldier was seen in February of 1970. His condition started 10 years previously. The widespread cystic nodules were 0. 2 to 1 cm in size and yellowish in color, and located on chest, back, scrotum and behind both ear lobes. There was thickening and daky brownish discolorations of all finger and toe nails. His father and two brothers had similar disorders, HistoIogieally clusters of hairs, mainly of lanugo size but some of intermediate character, were found in the lumen.
Adult ; Arm ; Dermoid Cyst ; Ear ; Ectoderm ; Fathers ; Fingers ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis ; Ichthyosis ; Military Personnel ; Scrotum ; Sebaceous Glands ; Siblings ; Steatocystoma Multiplex ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Toes

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

Many authors reported the etiology of hypoplasia of the nasomaxillary complex as trauma, infection, underdevelopment. To correct these deformities, Le Fort II Osteotomy and its modification has been popularly applied. This method enabled total advancement of nasomaxillary complexes and acquirememt of midfacial esthetics. But it has some limitations such as various occlusal deviation or lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex in case of nasomaxillary retrusion. We grouped these patients as follows : 1. Nasomaxillary retrusion without shifting of nasomaxillary complex (1) Anteroposterior deviation of occlusal plane (2) Lateral deviation of occlusal plane(including canting) (3) Supero-inferior deviation of occlusal plane (4) Combined disturbance of occlusal plane without shifting of nasamaxillary complex 2. Lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex with or without deviation of occlusal plane We performed Le Fort II and I combined osteotomy on eleven cases of midfacial deformity from June 1994 to July 1997 and in most of the cases, followed up maximum 36 months and could acquire positional stability and improvement of facial eathetics.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Dental Occlusion ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Osteotomy*

Forty cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were examined immunohistochemically for expression of TGF-beta and angiogenesis in order to analyze significant correlation with prognostic parameters including tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. The TGF-beta expression was observed in tumors center and advancing edges of tumors. To determine microvessel density for angiogenesis, we stained endothelial cells for Factor VIII related antigen and counted microvessel within tumor. The results were as follows: 1) The strong immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta and higher counts of microvessels were observed in advancing edges of tumors (p<0.05). 2) The TGF-beta expression in the advancing edges of tumors was closely related to clinical stage and presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). 3) The mean microvessel counts were significantly higher in tumors from patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and increased with increasing clinical stage (p<0.05). 4) The TGF-beta expression was not related to histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status(p>0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that the TGF-beta expression and angiogenesis in infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast may play an important part in prognostic factors, closely related to the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 2*

Recent technological advances in ultrasound instrumentation have resulted in equipment that will image in "real-time" slices of the human brain similar in quality to computerized tomography(CT). Multiple authors have attested to its usefulness in locatin, characterizing, and facilitating in the biopsy or removal, or both, of intracerebral masses. In this study, the author has examined the efficacy of intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasound in 18 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital. The results were as follows : 1) It can provide critical assistance in precise localization of subcortical masses, since in many instances the overlying surface of brain provides no clue for localization. 2) This technique is very useful for the identificantion of deep lesions, provding infromation about their solid and cystic components and about the shortest route of access to tumor. 3) It provides precise information to help guide biopsy needles into deep lesions, and to confirm their presence within the lesion itself. 4) The system is highly accurate in visualizing ventricular catheters during and after their placement. 5) The system is inherently safe for the patient and the operating room personnel since there is no radiation exposure.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Brain ; Catheters ; Humans ; Needles ; Neurosurgery* ; Operating Rooms ; Ultrasonography*