The concept of comfort has been regarded as a core concept of nursing and it has been frequently used as one of main goals of nursing care. Promoting comfort has been a very important objective in clinical nursing practice. There have been some ambiguities in defining the concept of 'comfort" among nursing scholars. Therefore it was necessary to analyse the concept of comfort for clearer definition to be able to share among scholars. This study is an attempt to analyse concept of comfort and to do it according to a series of concept development processes described by Walker and Avant. Based on the results of the study, the attributes of scope, precedence and consequence of comfort were identified : 1. Attributes 1) stability 2) directionality 3) equilibrium 4) firmness 2. Scope 1) physical 2) social 3) emotional 4) spiritua~ 3. Precedence and Consequence 1) precedence (1) instability (2) unsatisfied needs 2) consequence (1) physical & psychological relaxation (2) enhancement of self-worth (3) enhancement of self-efficacy (4) satisfied needs.
Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Animals ; Heterografts* ; Humans* ; Interferon-alpha* ; Melanoma* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis A Antibodies* ; Hepatitis* ; Immunoglobulin M*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

PURPOSE: To compare the decentration, tilt and anterior chamber depth between aspheric AcrySof(R) IQ IOL (SN60WF) and spheric AcrySof(R) Natural IOL (SN60AT). METHODS: The subjects of this study consisted of 22 patients (26 eyes) using an aspheric AcrySof(R) IQ IOL and 26 patients (31 eyes) using spheric AcrySof(R) Natural IOL. All lenses were inserted into the capsular bag after 5 mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and phacoemulsification. The decentration, tilt and anterior chamber depth of both IOLs were measured on the 1st, 30th and 60th postoperative day using an anterior eye segment analysis system (Scheimpflug camera, EAS-1000, Nidek, Japan). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the decentration between the IQ IOL and Natural IOL on the 1st (p=0.05), 30th (p=0.09) and 60th (p=0.06) postoperative day. There was a statistically significant difference in tilt between IQ IOL and Natural IOL on the 1st (p=0.000053) and 30th (p=0.018) postoperative day. However, there was no statistically significant difference in tilt on the 60th postoperative day (p=0.05). The anterior chamber depth of IQ IOL was decreased, but was not statistically significant on the 1st (p=0.10), 30th (p=0.07) or 60th (p=0.06) postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between AcrySof(R) IQ IOL and AcrySof(R) Natural IOL in decentration, tilt or anterior chamber depth, showing that posterior aspheric surface causes little effect on the IOL stability.
Anterior Chamber ; Anterior Eye Segment ; Capsulorhexis ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification

To investigate the relationship of the density change of lens nucleus and cortex with anterior chamber depth and lens thickness, we measured the anterior chamber depth, density and length of lens nucleus and cortex of 312 eyes with a Scheimpflug camera. The mean values of density of lens nucleus and cortex were 108.45+/-46.33CCT and 27.74+/-13.76CCT, respectively. The mean values of the thickness for both were 2.85+/-0.54mm and 1.29+/-0.46mm, respectively. The mean value of anterior chamber depth was 2.93+/-0.49mm. The densities of lens nucleus and cortex were increased significantly with aging, but lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were decreased. The value of anterior chamber depth changes and lens thickness changes were more rapid especially in the 5th and 7th decades compared with other groups(P<0.01), and more rapaid in the density group(100~150CCT) than other group in changing densities(P<0.05), and they were highly correlated with anterior cortex, posterior cortex, nucleus in order at each portion of lens. Both anterior chamber depth changes and lens thickness changes were more rapid in the lens cortex than those in the lens nucleus.
Aging ; Anterior Chamber*

To study the frequency of the most common organisms according to culture sites, age, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance, we researched the medical records of the patients for the past 5 years who had ever been treated for infectious ocular disease. Total 19 strains and 226 bacterial organisms were cultured in 207 eyes. Most common organism was staphylococcus(37.6%). The overall percentage of gram-positive organisms showed 61.9% and that of gram-negative 38.1%. According to age, the most common organism was staphylococcus in neonatal period, streptococcus in the age from 1 to 10 and over 60, pseudomonas in the age from 21 to 30 and 41 to 50. The common organisms according to the culture site were staphylococcus in conjunctiva, staphylococcus and streptococcus in punctum, staphylococcus and pseudomonas in cornea, and staphylococcus in vitreous. The antibiotic sensitivity test of gram-positive organisms showed sensitivity more than 90% and rare resistance to ofloxacin and vancomycin. Gramneganisms showed sensitivity more than 80% to ofloxacin and resistance less than 30% to tobramycin. Ofloxacin showed high sensitivity and low resistance to all of the gram-positive and negative organisms. According to culture sites, it was vancomycin in conjunctiva and punctum, ofloxacin in cornea, and ciprofloxacin in vitreous that showed relatively high sensitivity and low resistance. Though it is necessary to culture and test antibiotic sensitivity in treating the ocular disease, it seemed effective as primary therapeutic agents to use appropriate antibiotics based on the clinical findings before the test results are reported. Periodic culturing of causative organisms and testing the antibiotic sensitivities would be helpful in selecting the effective antibiotics for treatment and reducing abuse of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Ofloxacin ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Tobramycin ; Vancomycin

We reported a case of cutaneous focal mucinosis in a 19 year-old male, which occured by multiple nodules on the both dorsa of hands, extensor surface of elbows, intergluteal folds and shins, and responded well to intralesional injection of triamcinolon acetonide. Histopathologically, most of the collagen in the dermis is replaced to homogeneous mucinous material which was confirmed as hyaluronic acid.
Collagen ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Mucinoses* ; Mucins ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Intussusception*