No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Neurilemmoma*

PURPOSE: recent studies have reported that the expression of Drg-1 is up-regulated by androgen. It has been suggested that Drg-1 gene be used as a molecular marker for prostate cancer therapies like PSA. To de termine the role of Drg-1 gene as a molecular marker during intermittent androgen deprivation(IAD) therapy, we investigated the expression of Drg-1 and compared it with PSA expression in human prostate cancer cell lines treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) continuously or intermittently. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two prostate cancer cells having different status of androgen receptor [LNCaP (androgen dependent) and PC-3 (androgen independent)] were used in this study. To know the change in PSA and Drg-1 expression after DHT treatment the cells were cultured in steroid-free RPMI media for 24 hours. 10(-7) and 10(-8)M of DHT and 10(-7)M bicalutimide was added into the cells and then cultured for 72 hours. And we established in vitro IAD model using LNCaP cells. Northern analyses were performed to determine the expression level of both PSA and Drg-1genes. Also, western analyses were performed to determine the protein level of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen and androgen receptor. RESULTS: Transcripts of Drg-1 were detected in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells but PSA was not expressed in PC-3 cells. The expression of Drg-1gene in LNCaP cells was up-regulated by 10(-8)M of DHT like PSA gene and down-regulated by 10(-7)M bicalutamide. In the treatment of intermittent androgen deprivation, the expression pattern of Drg-1was similar to that of PSA. However, up-regulation of PSA was detected earlier than of Drg-1. CONCLUSIONS: Based on observation, Drg-1 was up-regulated by androgen and down-regulated by anti-androgen. This suggests that Drg-1gene is useful for determining the androgen independency of prostate cancer during IAD.
Cell Line ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen ; Up-Regulation

No abstract available.
Bile*

No abstract available.
Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Humans ; Young Adult*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Foreign Bodies*

The popularity of baseball has resulted in an increase in medical attention directed toward participating players. This study focuses on injuries of the throwing arm in adolescents which occur during participation in organized youth baseball matches. History taking, physical examination and roentgenographic study of both elbows were made on 67 adolescent baseball players who visited the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Hanyang Vniversity Hospital from December, 1981 to January, 1982. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average age was 12.4 years and average career playing baseball was 1 year 11 months. 2. There were 18(85.7%) overhand type pitchers. This was the most common pitching style. 3. 7(10.4%) complained of elbow pain. In all cases the pain was located on the medial aspect of the elbow. 4, On physical examination, hypertrophy of the forearm was seen in 19(28.4%), hypertrophy of the arm in 27(40.3%), limb length discrepancy in 28(41.8%), cubitus valgus deformity in 2(3.0%), and flexion contracture of the elbow in 6(9.0%) cases. 5. On roentgenographic study, cortico-trabecular hypertrophy of the humerus, and separation and fragmentation of the medial humeral epicondyle were the common findings. 6. The pain and flexion contracture of the elbow were more marked in pitchers. 7. To prevent these injuries of the elbow, the following recommandations were made by authors. Use a pitching machine in batting exercise. Restrict the number of innings pitched per game, Abolish curve ball throwing in this age group. Ensue an adequate warmup period before exercise or games. Inform parents and coaches of the possible harmful nature of excessive throwing.
Adolescent ; Arm ; Baseball ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus ; Hypertrophy ; Parents ; Physical Examination

Squamous cell carcinoma from the draining sinus of chronic osteomylitis has been recognized as a rare complication. The incidence of this complication is between 0.23% and 1.6% in cases of osteomyelitis. The cause of development of carcinoma at the site of chronic osteomyelitis is not well understood. This is a disease of middle aged men, and tibia is the most common site. Biopsy of squamous cell carcinoma which arises in the proliferating edge of the cutaneous ulcer and invades the bone, should include tissues from all sites of ulcer and bone marrow spaces. Histological diagnosis may be difficult because of preexisting metaplasia and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Amputation at the adequate level is the treatment of choice. Four cases of squamous cell carcinoma involving tibia, metatarsal bone or calcaneus are reported with review of literatures.
Amputation ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Calcaneus ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Metatarsal Bones ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; Tibia ; Ulcer

The clinical data of 27 patiets with hypophosphatemic rickets treated with phosphate and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D were analysed retrospectively. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years, and the main clinical manifestations were bowleg and short stature. Among total 24 families, 5 families (21%) had X-linked dominant mode of inheritance, 1 family (4%) had autosomal dominant mode and 17 families (71%) had no family history, The serum phosphorus concentration rose from initial value of 2.7+/-0.13mg/dl to 3.5+/-0.19mg/dl. The serum alkaline phosphatase was reduced from 871+/-63IU/L to 393+/-41IU/L. Healing of rickets was demonstrated by radiography. Patients treated for at least two years before the onset of puberty had an increase in the mean height SD score from -1.58 to -0.79. Orthopedic surgeries for severe lower extremity deformity were performed in 11 patients, of whom 8(73%) were dignosed over 5 years of age. Complications of therapy were as follows; 12 patients (44%) developed more than one episode of hypercalciuria, 5 patients (19%) developed more than one episode of hypercalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis was noted in 5(33%) out of 15 patients by renal ultrasound. The group with nephrocalcinosis had a higher incidence of hypercalemic episodes than the group without nephrocalcinosis. In conclusion, treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets results in healing of rickets and acceleration of growth, and we must evaluate complications of therapy such as hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis.
Acceleration ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypercalciuria ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Orthopedics ; Phosphorus ; Puberty ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Rickets ; Rickets, Hypophosphatemic* ; Ultrasonography ; Wills

Congenital scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine caused by congenital anomalies of the vertebral development. In this study seventeen congenital scoliosis patients seen and treated by either Milwaukee brace or surgical intervention at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from December 1972 to April 1978 were evaluated according to frequency of the curve pattern, character of the deformity, method of treatment and its correctability. The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Age distribution was from 2 to 39 years and mean age was 13.4 years. 2. The most common deformity pattern was hemivertebra in 8 cases (47.1%), unilateral unsegmented bar in 4 (23.6%) and mixed type in 3 (17.6%). 3. The most common curve level was thoracic in 6 cases (35.3%), followed by thoracolumbar in 4 (23.5%) and lumbar in 4 (23.5%). 4. The best corrected type by Milwaukee brace was trapezoid vertebra (29.4%) and then mixed type(26.1%), followed by block type (20%) and hemivertebra(2.3%). 5. The operative treatment was performed in the cases of unilateral bar and progressive type with Milwaukee brace. In terms of the correctability of the curvature, the surgical intervention was better than the conservative treatment, with the result of its average correction of 33.5% that is compared with 15.9% of Milwaukee brace. 6. Halofemoral traction was effectively applied in the cases of rigid and severe curve; the initial curve 76.3 degress with 21.3% of flexibility. 7. Loss of correction in operative treatment was 2.3 degrees (6.5%).
Age Distribution ; Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Pliability ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Spine ; Traction

No abstract available.
Osteochondroma*