No abstract available.
Dental Porcelain* ; Resin Cements*

The human trachea is normally lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium where ciliated, goblet, intermediate and basal cells are mainly represented. However the fetal tracheal epithelium was found to be composed of ciliated, non-ciliated and basal cells. The present study was designed to characterize the development of ciliated cells in the fetal trachea at mid (19 weeks) and last (32 weeks) trimester of gestation. At 19 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium, 35 µm in height, was composed of surface, intermediate and basal layers. The surface cells were subdivided into ciliated, immature ciliated, non-ciliated, granule containing and goblet cells. The ciliated cells covered approximately half of the luminal surface area. The immature ciliated cells contained basal bodies, but the apical membrane was not invested with cilia. The granule containing cells contained numerous dense granules, 0.3-0.7 µm in diameter, in the apical cytoplasm. The goblet cells contained less electron dense granules, 1-2 µm in diameter, in the apical cytoplasm. The cells in intermediate layer were relatively undifferentiated and contained poorly developed organelles. Submucosal gland were well differentiated and were composed of the mucous and serous cells. At 32 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium, 50µm in height, was also composed of surface, intermediate and basal layer. The surface cells were composed of ciliated, non-ciliated and goblet cells. The ciliated cells, dominant type of surface cells, were subdivided into mitochondria-rich cells (type I) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum-rich cells (type II). The non-ciliated cell were of three subtypes : mitochondria-rich cells (type A), glycogen and microfilament-containing cells (type B) and cells with bulging apical surface into the lumen (type C). Small granule containing cell appeared in the basal layer. These cells contained clear vesicles, 50 ㎚m in diameter, and dense granules, 100-300 ㎚m in diameter. Submucosal gland were well developed and consisting of mucous, serous and myoepithelial cells. These results indicate that the cell populations of the tracheal epithelium at late stage of pregnancy have essential features similar to those of adult. and show that the different steps of ciliogenesis could be identified.
Adult ; Basal Bodies ; Cilia ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium* ; Fetus* ; Glycogen ; Goblet Cells ; Humans* ; Membranes ; Organelles ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Trachea

Trachea is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium which usually expresses a complex mixture of stratified as well as simple epithelial-type cytokeratins. In the present work, the cytokeratin expressions was studied immunohistochemically in the tracheal epithelium and gland of human fetus at 14, 26 and 32 weeks of gestation. The primary antibodies used were CK7, 8, 10, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. In PAS-hematoxylin stain, the tracheal eithelium was composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar type and consisted of surface, intermediate and basal layers regardless of gestational ages. The PAS positive cells, however, were decreased in number in proportion to gestational ages. The tracheal gland was not fully differentiated at 14 weeks of gestation, and had well differentiated secretory portions consisting mucous and serous cells at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation. The mucous cells and luminal border of the duct were positive for PAS stain. The tracheal eithelium showed different immunoreactivity between cartilageous and membranous portions. In general, CK7 and 5D3 were expressed in surface cells, AE8 in intermediate cells, and MNFl16 and AE3 in the cells of all layers. At 14 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium immunoreacted for CK7, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The premordium of tracheal gland was positive for 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The tracheal epithelium at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation showed same staining properties to those at 14 weeks of gestation. The duct cells at 26 weeks of gestation were immunoreactive for CK7, 8, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3, and those at 32 weeks of gestation were immunoreactive for CK7, 14, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The acinar cells at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation were positively stained for CK7, 8, 18, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. These results suggest that CK7 and 5D3 may serve as useful markers for mature cilated cells, AE8 (CKl3) for immature ciliated cells, and CKl4 for duct cells in tracheal epithelium and gland.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies ; Epithelium* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins* ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Trachea

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic*

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Humans

To identify the developmental characteristics of intermediate filaments, the expressions of various cytokeratines (CK), desmin and vimentin in fetal (14032 weeks of gestations) and adult epidermis were studied immunohistochemically. The primary antibodies used were CK7, 8, 10, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, and MNFl16 for cytokeratins, D33 for desmin, and V9 for vimentin. At 14 weeks of gestation, the epidermis consisted of basal cells and periderm. The periderm exhibited positive staining for CK8 and AE8, and weak staining for MNF116 and D33. The basal cells showed positive staining for MNF116 and D33. The epidermis did not reacted for CK7, 10, 14, 18, 5D3, and V9 at this period. At 16-20 weeks of gestation, the epidermis was composed of basal, intermediate, and periderm layers. The periderm was positive for CK8, 18, AE8, MNF116, and D33. The intermediate cells were positive for CK10 and the basal cells CK14, MNF116, and D33. Few cells were stained positively with V9 among the basal cells. At 24-32 weeks of gestation, the epidermis exhibited no longer positive reactions for CK8, 18, AE8 and D33. The intermediate cells were positive for CK10. Immunoreactivity for MNF116 was noted in intermediate layer just above the basal layer. CKl4, MNFl16, D33, and often V9 were expressed in basal cells. The expressions of CK7 and 5D3 were not observed at any period of gestation. In adult epidermis, basal cells exhibited positive staining for CKl4, MNFl16, and D33. The intermediate cells were strongly positive for CK10, and weakly positive for CK7, 8, and MNFl16. The cells positive for V9 were often present among the basal cells. These results indicate that CK8 and 18 may serve as useful markers for periderm, CK10 for intermediate cells, CKl4 for basal cell, and suggest that the vimentin immunoreactive cells in basal cell layer are Langerhans cells.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Desmin ; Epidermis* ; Fetus* ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratins* ; Langerhans Cells ; Pregnancy ; Vimentin

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-1beta on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in cochlea and regulation of IL-1beta-mediated MMP-9 expression by dexamethasone and the molecular and signaling mechanisms involved. METHODS: House ear institute-organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were used and exposed to IL-1beta with/without dexamethasone. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU486, was used to see the role of dexamethasone. PD98059 (an extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERKs] inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPK] inhibitor), SP600125 (a c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitor) were also used to see the role of MAPKs signaling pathway(s) in IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression in HEI-OC1 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography were used to measure mRNA expression level of MMP-9 and activity of MMP-9, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with IL-1beta-induced the expression of MMP-9 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IL-1beta (1 ng/mL)-induced MMP-9 expression was inhibited by dexamethasone. Interestingly, p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 mRNA and MMP-9 activity. However, inhibition of JNKs and ERKs had no effect on the IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta strongly induces MMP-9 expression via activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in HEI-OC1 cells and the induction was inhibited by dexamethasone.
Cochlea ; Dexamethasone* ; Ear ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; Gelatin ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukins ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9* ; Mifepristone ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; RNA, Messenger

Many authors reported the etiology of hypoplasia of the nasomaxillary complex as trauma, infection, underdevelopment. To correct these deformities, Le Fort II Osteotomy and its modification has been popularly applied. This method enabled total advancement of nasomaxillary complexes and acquirememt of midfacial esthetics. But it has some limitations such as various occlusal deviation or lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex in case of nasomaxillary retrusion. We grouped these patients as follows : 1. Nasomaxillary retrusion without shifting of nasomaxillary complex (1) Anteroposterior deviation of occlusal plane (2) Lateral deviation of occlusal plane(including canting) (3) Supero-inferior deviation of occlusal plane (4) Combined disturbance of occlusal plane without shifting of nasamaxillary complex 2. Lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex with or without deviation of occlusal plane We performed Le Fort II and I combined osteotomy on eleven cases of midfacial deformity from June 1994 to July 1997 and in most of the cases, followed up maximum 36 months and could acquire positional stability and improvement of facial eathetics.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Dental Occlusion ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Osteotomy*

This study was undertaken to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and intake rate of Kimchi provide to five foodservice elementary schools in Sungnam area selecting 4th and 6th grade students pH indicated 4.73~5.29 at before-serving state. Total acidity were 0.23~0.44% and salinity just before-serving state were 2.41~2.82%. Vitamin C were 6.88~8.12mg% and Total dietary fiber showed the range of 19.18~22.60. While the intake rate of kimchi of female students was higher than that of male students for 4th grade students, the intake rate of kimchi of male students was higher than that of female students for 6th grade students. As a whole, the intake rate of male students was higher than that of female students. The intake rate of male students correlated significantly that of female students, the preference rate of kimchi was almost the same regardless of sex distinction.
Ascorbic Acid ; Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lunch* ; Male ; Salinity

In order to compare the corneal sensation after phacoemulsification and the planned extracapsular cataract extraction(p-ECCE), we studied 40 eyes of 31 patients prospetively. A Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was used to measure corneal sensitivity preoperatively and at one day, three day, one week, one month, and two months postoperatively, by the same surgeon using the same technique. There was no difference in corneal sensation between phacoemulsification and p-ECCE group preoperatively. The mean corneal sensitivity at 10:00(2:00) o`clock in phacoemulsificantion/p-ECCE was 17.3+/-7.0(18.2+/-6.7)/9.9+/-1.5(10.3+1.9), 22.1+/-6.9 (23.2+/-6.3)/14.1+/-2.3(14.3+/-2.3), 29.4+/-7.7(30.6+/-7.2)/17.7+2.2(18.7+/-2.2), 37.7+/-9.3(37.8+/-9.4)/26.3+/-7.9(27.7+/-8.4), 56.3+/-7.6(56.3+7.9)/59.2+/-3.8(59.4+/-2.7)mm after 1, 3, 7, 30, 60 days, respectively. Corneal sensation at the center and the 3, 6, and 9 o`clock positions was not changed in all eyes. Corenal sensitivity was significantly more recovered in phacoemulsification group than the p-ECCE group at postoperative onemonth(p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant difference in recovery of corneal sensation between phacoemulsification group and p-ECCE group at postoperative two months. Conclusively corneal sensation returned to peroperative level at two months postoperatively in both groups.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Sensation*