We evaluated retrospectively the clinical characteristics of 16 consecutive exotropia patients over 10PD following surgery for esotropia, the patients were differentiated into nonoperative and operative group. The nonoperative group comprised of 11 patients with exodeviation 10PD through 20PD(mean 12.9PD) and the orthphoria through 15PD(mean 10.5PD) at final visit. The operative group of 5 patients with exodeviation of 10PD through 30PD(mean 21PD) at postoperatively 2 weeks and 20PD through 35PD(mean 24PD) before operation of consecutive exotropia. In the second operatio, 3 patients with adduction limitation were operated with advancement of medial rectus or recession of lateral rectus of same eye. Four patients showed orthotropia at postoperatively 2 weeks, and 2 patients revealed orthotropia at the final visit. The results suggest that the degree of deviation and adduction limitation will influence the choice of therapy and second operation method.
Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

We evaluated retrospectively the clinical characteristics of 16 consecutive exotropia patients over 10PD following surgery for esotropia, the patients were differentiated into nonoperative and operative group. The nonoperative group comprised of 11 patients with exodeviation 10PD through 20PD(mean 12.9PD) and the orthphoria through 15PD(mean 10.5PD) at final visit. The operative group of 5 patients with exodeviation of 10PD through 30PD(mean 21PD) at postoperatively 2 weeks and 20PD through 35PD(mean 24PD) before operation of consecutive exotropia. In the second operatio, 3 patients with adduction limitation were operated with advancement of medial rectus or recession of lateral rectus of same eye. Four patients showed orthotropia at postoperatively 2 weeks, and 2 patients revealed orthotropia at the final visit. The results suggest that the degree of deviation and adduction limitation will influence the choice of therapy and second operation method.
Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Double urethra is a very rare congenital disease. We observed and treated two cases of incomplete double urethra, one had ventral opening and stones, the other had subscrotal opening. And report with review of literatures.
Urethra*

We analyzed the clinical results of 58 patients who had undergone bilateral medial rectus muscle recession from January, 1988 to June, 1991 at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. The results were as follows; 1. Mean preoperative deviation, mean recession amount, and mean postoperative deviation were 51PD, 5.8mm and 4PD respectively in suspension recession group and 53PD, 5.7mm and 4PD respectively in conventional recession group. 2. Overall success rate was 81% in suspension recession and 84% in conventional recession at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 67% and 76% respectively at the time of most recent follow-up. The statistical difference in the success rate of recession over 6.0mm and recession under 5.5mm as well as overall success rate between suspension and conventional recession group was not found. 3. Overcorrection was 5% in suspension recession and 2% in conventional recession at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 14% and 3% respectively at the time of most recent follow-up. 4. Undercorrection were 14% in suspension recession and 14% in conventional recession at 6weeks postoperatively, and 19% and 21% respectively at the time of most recent follow-up.
Esotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

We compared the clinical results of 37 patients who had undergone bilateral lateral rectus muscle suspension recession and conventional recession from July, 1989 to Decem ber, 1991 at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. The results were as follows; 1. Mean preoperative deviation, mean recession amount, and mean postoperative deviation were 40PD, 6.9mm and 8PD respectively in suspension recession group and 36PD, 6.3mm, and 4PD respectively in conventional recession group. 2. Success rate was 67% in suspension recession and 86% in conventional recession at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 60% and 82% respectively at the time of most recent follow-up. The statistical difference in the success rate between suspension and conventional recession group was not found. 3. Undercorrection were 33% in suspension recession and 14% in conventional recessoin at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 40% and 18% respectively at the time of most recent follow-up. It appears that high number of undercorrections occurred in suspension recession. But statistical difference in undercorrection between suspension and conventional recession was not found. 4. Overcorrection was not found in suspension recession and conventional recession group at 6 weeks postoperatively and the time of most recent follow-up.
Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

PURPOSE: Patients with diabetic cystopathy ultimately undergo morphometric and functional changes in their bladder. Therefore, various voiding symptoms such as frequency, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy, retention and weak stream were evaluated. Irritative symptoms usually develop in cases where the prevalence period of diabetes mellitus (DM) is short, and the obstructive symptoms develop in the opposite case. Improving the voiding symptoms might differ according to prevalence period. Therefore, the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment was compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ten patients were divided into three groups according to how long they had suffered from DM, and were treated with medical therapy over a 4 week period: group A (<5yrs), group B (5-10yrs), group C (>10yrs). The patients were asked to write their subjective symptoms in a voiding diary and a urodynamic study was undertaken. RESULTS: After medical therapy, the frequency, nocturia and urgency in group A had improved to 72%, 77% and 88% respectively (p<0.05). The frequency, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy, retention and weak stream in group B had improved to 51%, 57%, 66%, 59%, 69% and 61% respectively (p<0.05), and in group C these symptoms had improved to 15%, 12%, 10%, 17%, 12% and 8% respectively (p>0.05). In a urodynamic study of group B, the maximum detrusor pressure had increased from 20.3+/-6.7cmH2O to 53.5+/-8.1cmH2O and the post void residuals decreased from 62.3+/-36.4ml to 21.2+/-17.1ml (p<0.05). In addition, there were little improvements in the maximum bladder capacity, the first sensation and compliance (p>0.05). In group C, there was little improvement in the urodynamic study (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The medical therapeutic efficacy for these patients reduces as the DM revalence period is longer.
Compliance ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Nocturia ; Prevalence* ; Rivers ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics

We experienced chronic relapsing central corneal ulcer and chronic conjunctivitis with mucoid discharge. Both patients were transfered to our hospital because of no improvement with long term treatment of broad spectrum antibiotics topically and systemically Specimens from corneal scraping and conjunctival mucoid discharge were examined with calcofluor white staining method. We could find a narrow rim of light green colored cystic wall and orange red colored cytoplasm in dark field fluorescent microscopy in both cases, and those were diagnosed as Acnthamoebic cyst by pathologist. We couldn't find any report about ocular Aanthamoeba infections in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first case report about ocular Acanthamoebic infections in Korea.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis* ; Acanthamoeba* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Citrus sinensis ; Conjunctivitis ; Corneal Ulcer ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Korea ; Methyl Green ; Microscopy

PURPOSE: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth, progression and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was thought to be one such angiogenic factor and was also thought to be a selective mitogen for endothelial cells. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate for prognostic significance of VEGF in stomach cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded from 55 stomach cancer were stained immunohistochemically for VEGF. The rate of VEGF expression and correlation between expression of VEGF and other prognostic factor of stomach cancer were studied. RESULTS: There were 20 cases (36.4%) of VEGF-positive and 35 cases (63.6%) of VEGF- negative. There were no significant difference between VEGF expression and the histologic type, differentiation, depth of invasion of histologic stage, lymph node involvement. The frequency of hepatic recurrence was higher in patients with VEGF-positive tumor than that af patient with negative tumor (p=0.007). The prognosis of the patients with VEGF positive tumor was worse than that of patients with VEGF negative tumor (p=0.0214). CONCLUSION: There was a closely significant between positive expression of VEGF and a high incidence of hepatic metastasis, low survival rate. The expression of VEGF could be considered to be one of useful prognostic factor in human gastric carcinoma
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to determine the role of the VEGF and MVD expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and to observe the correlation between the expression of these VEGF/MVD, and other prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF and MVD with monoclonal antibody in pathologic specimens of 35 patients of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast was carried out. Reiationship between the expression of the VEGF/MVD and prognostic factors were assessed. RESULTS: The VEGF/MVD expression was closely related to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage, but not related to histologic grade, nuclear grade, estrogen receptor, and progestrone receptor. And the VEGF expression was closely related to MVD. CONCLUSION: The VEGF expression and microvessel density in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast may play an important prognostic factors, closely related to the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and stage.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

OBJECTIVES: The early detection of ectopic tubal pregnancy in unruptured state is increased as the transvaginal sonography and sensitive serum hCG test are available. For this unruptured tubal pregnancy, the medical treatment using methotrexate via various routes and dosage is being tried. Our study was to evaluate the efficacy of single systemic injection of methotrexate in the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancies. Material and METHODS: From the January 1997 to July 1999, of 152 ectopic pregnancy patients, 22 patients who were diagnosed as unruptured tubal pregnancies were treated with single-dose systemic methotrexate injection (50 mg/m2/IM). Exclusion criteria were unstable vital signs with hemoperitoneum, adnexal mass > 5-6 cm. Serum hCG titers were checked before injection and 4, 7 day after injection. If serum hCG titer declined more than 15% on 7 day after injection compared with titer on 4 day, the weekly hCG titer was followed until it was <10 mIU/ml .If the hCG titer did not decline more than 15 %, a second dose was given. If hCG titer was not decreased or vital signs became unstable after 1-2 injections, the treatment was considered failure and surgery was done. RESULTS: 18 cases (82%) of 22 were successfully treated with single-dose methotrexate. The mean size of ectopic mass and initial serum hCG titers were 2.7+/-1.3 cm (range, 1.5-5.4 cm) and 3,298+/-1,007 mIU/ml (range, 132-12,239), respectively. Of 22, 6 cases (28%) needed second dose of methotrexate. The mean time to resolution of serum beta-hCG titer was 27.5+/-13.6 days (range, 8-53 days). Elevation of liver enzyme did not occurred in all cases during treatment. Initial hCG titer was more important prognostic factor than ectopic mass size for successful medical treatment. CONCLUSION: Single-dose methotrexate appears to be an effective medical treatment for the unruptured tubal pregnancy. However, patients selection using strict criteria is needed to increase its success rate.
Female ; Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Liver ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Vital Signs