The main objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease, to find the important risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. This study is a part of Eumseong Community Health Project supportes by GTZ(West German Government). 116 perceived cases of cerebrovascular disease were first screened by health interview and examinations and 80 cases were diagnosed as a cerebrovascular group. For comparison, 80 cases were matched with their neighbor controls of the same sex and the similar age. 1. The prevalence rate for cerebrovascular diseases was 476.3 per 100,000 population which is considered to be very high compared with that of other countries. Age adjusted rate for cerebrovascular diseases was 261.6 per 100,000. 2. Among the risk factors examined for the association with cerebrovascular diseases by case-control study, and analyzed by paired marginal test(McNemar's chi-square-test) and odds ratio, only hypertension showed high significant statistical association.
Case-Control Studies* ; Hypertension ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Rural Population*

Endobronchial tuberculosis is frequently associated with lymphadenopathy, bronchial stenosis, atelectasis which needs to be differentiated with other pulmonary disease. Authors are presenting 25 cases of endobronchial tuberculosis which were confirmed boy bronchoscopic biopsy and AFB smear and/or culture. The study was done on patients who visited Yeungnam University Hospital from May 1983 to July 1985. The following results were obtained: 1. Of the 25 cases, 8 cases were male and 17 cased were female (male:female=1:2). 32 percent of the cases was older than 60 years of age. 2. Abnormal findings on chest x-ray were seen on 22 cases of 25 cases (88%) and its most predilective site was right upper lobe (24%). 3. Symptoms were coughing (56%), hemoptysis, hoarseness, chest pain, dyspnea and fever in orders. 4. The positive results were obtained in 73 percent of sputum AFB smear (11 cases of 15 cases). 60 percent of AFB culture (3 cases of 5 cases) and 58 percent of bronchoscopic biopsy (14 cases of 24 cases). 5. Complete pulmonary function test was done on 19 cases and showed normal result in 6 cases, restrictive pattern in 8 cases and small airway dysfunction in 5 cases. No case of obstructive airway disease was detected. 6. Associated disease were hypertension (2 cases), tuberculous meningitis (1 case), diabetes mellitus (1 case), and cataract (1 case). 7. The site of bronchoscopic lesion on bronchoscopic examination were as follow; 8. All 25 patients were treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy and 6 patients were treated with additional steroid therapy because of severe respiratory symptom and showed dramatic improvement of symptom as well as lung function.
Biopsy ; Cataract ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cough ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fever ; Hemoptysis ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

No abstract available.
Brain*

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and young children, but the pathogenesis of RSV-induced inflammation is not well defined. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In order to examine the potential interactions between virus-infected airway epithelial cells and neutrophils, we studied the ability of neutrophils to adhere to yirus-infected airway epithelial cell monolayers by myeloperoxidase assay. Also we measured the ability of airway epithelial cells to secrete interleukin-8(IL-8) and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in virus-infected airway epithelial cell cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The degree of IL-8 and ICAM-1 gene expression in the RSV-infected BEAS-2B cell cultures were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). RESULTS: The RSV-infected BEAS-2B cell resulted in significantly enhanced level of neutrophil adherence compared to the uninfected control(p (0.001). IL-8 and ICAM-1 production significantly increased by RSV infection(p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between neutrophil adherence and IL-8 level(r=0.73, p=0.002), and ICAM-1 level (r=0.843, p=0.001) in RSV-infected cells. The degree of both IL-8 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression increased in the RSV-infected cells compared with the uninfected ones. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RSV infection significantly enhances the production of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in airway epithelial cells which then results in increased neutrophil adherence.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Child ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interleukin-8 ; Neutrophils* ; Peroxidase ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Gallstones* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

A clinical study was performed on 940 cases of essential hypertension observed at Dept. of Internal Medicine of Seoul National University Hospital during a period of last seven years from 1971 to 1977. The followings were the results: 1. The incidence of hypertensive patients was 13.8% among all medical in-patients and 68.2% among all cardiac in-patients. 2. The highest occurence was observed in sixth decade and accounted for 34.2% of all cases and least occurence was in second decade of life which accounted for 0.6% of all cases. No difference was found in age distribution between both sexes. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. 3. The mean value of blood pressure was 178.1+/-21.8/107.4+/-12.3 mmHg and tended to increase with age at least over the decades from second to seventh and there was tendency to decrease after the eighth decade. No paticular difference in blood pressure levels was found in both sexes. 4. The most outstanding symptom was headache which was found in 51.5% of all cases. Dizziness, dyspnea and palpitation were the next orders in frequency. There was a general trend of the the subjective symptoms which were more pronounced in younger than older patients. 5. Hypertensive retinopathy was found in 83.3% of all cases. Hypertensive retinopathy of K-W grade II was found in 36.1% of all cases and was the most frequent finding among the Keith-Wagener grades. Malignant hypertension of K-W grade IV was found in 4.2% of all cases and the largest numbers were between the fourth and fifth decade of life. 6. The abnormal retinal finding was found to be rather proportional to the blood pressure levels. 7. Albuminuria was detected in 56.2% of all cases and it was more frequent in male than in female patients. 8. The appearance of albuminuria seemed to have a close correlation with hypertensive retinal change and blood pressure levels. 9. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were associated in 71.9% of all cases. The most frequent association among electrocardiographic abnormalities was left ventricular hypertrophy which accounted for 45.2% of all cases. There was the reverse correlation between the normal electrocardiogram and degree of blood pressures. The finding of left ventricular hypertrophy and degree of blood pressures were closely correlated. 10. Cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation were four major complications. It was recorded in 26.5%, 10.4%, 5.4% and 2.0% of all cases respectively. The complications were common in men than in women. 11. Renal failure, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction were closely corelated with hypertensive retinopathy.
Age Distribution ; Albuminuria ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Headache ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertension, Malignant ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retinaldehyde ; Seoul ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Fingers*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Mucosa* ; Macrophages* ; Salmonella typhimurium* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Braces* ; Collateral Ligaments* ; Knee Joint* ; Knee*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical features, microbiologic results, and the efficacy of perineal hygienic care of pediatric vulvovaginitis. METHODS: Forty-two unselected premenarcheal patients with symptoms or signs of vulvovaginitis who were attended the outpatient pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic at Pundang CHA General Hospital from August 1997, to September 1999 were systematically interviewed and examined using a standardized format, studied microbiologically, and followed the efficacy of perineal hygienic measures prospectively. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 4.8 years (range 2.9 years to 10.9 years). Vaginal complaints of 42 patients were discharge(79%), genital pain or irritation(31%), odor(17%), pruritus(14%), and vaginal bleeding(7%). On physical examination, vaginal discharge and vulvar erythema were noted in 17(40%) and 22(52%) patients, respectively. Aerobic bacteria or yeast excluding vaginal normal flora were found in 24 of 42 patients(57%). Convincing evidence of specific pathogens was found in 9 of 42 patients(21%) including one case of pinworm infestation. Isolated pathogens were H. influenza(3), S. pyogenes(2), K. pneumonia(2) and N. gonorrhea(1). No patients were found to have chlamydial infection or trichomoniasis. In 14 patients, risk factors were identified such as swimming(14%), bubble bath(5%), sexual abuse(5%), genital trauma(5%) and foreign body(2%). After two weeks instructions of perineal hygienic care, 26(62%) of 42 patients revealed complete resolution of symptoms and signs of vaginitis without antibiotics. Efficacies of perineal hygienic care were 94%(17/18) in the patients with normal flora alone, 60%(9/15) in the patients with organisms suspected for nonspecific infection and 0%(0/9) in the patients with specific pathogens(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Majority(62%) of the pediatric patients with symptoms or signs of vulvovaginitis were cured with perineal hygienic care alone. And the efficacy of hygienic measure were higher in the patients without specific pathogens(79%, 26/33). Therefore, proper physical examination, microbiologic study and appropriate instructions of perineal hygienic care were more important than empirical antibiotic treatment in initial management of pediatric vulvovaginitis.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; Enterobius ; Erythema ; Gynecology ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginitis ; Vulvovaginitis* ; Yeasts