OBJECTIVE: The effects on spermatogenesis by expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testicular specimens were obtained from 40 infertile males due to primary testicular failure and from 10 fertile males with other urologic problems. The specimens of infertile males were devided into 4 groups according to histologic findings; Sertoli cell only syndrome (A), maturation arrest (B), hypospermatogenesis (C) and sloughing and disorganization (D). VEGF and ET-1 expression were detected with immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: VEGF expression on Leydig cell was detected in all cases. But, VEGF expression rates on germ cell were significantly higher in infertile group B, C, D compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). ET-1 expression rates on Leydig cell was significantly lower in all infertile group compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). But, ET-1 expression rates on Sertoli cell was significantly higher in all infertile group compared to that of the control group (p>0.05). In germ cell of infertile group, LH, FSH and prolactin were significantly decreased, and estradiol is increased in positive stain group on ET-1 immunohistochemical stain (p<0.05). VEGF and ET-1 expression were not correlated mean seminiferous tubule diameter (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal spermatogenesis would be reflected in VEGF expression in germ cell.
Endothelin-1* ; Estradiol ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Prolactin ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.
Joints* ; Range of Motion, Articular* ; Spine*

No abstract available.
Elbow*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The growth of elderly population increased the need for oral health care. Elderly patients with poor teeth alignment needs more attention with orthodontic treatment METHODS: Elderly patients visiting department of orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital between 2000-2004 were treated with fixed appliances in one or both dental arches. Treatment plans were different from than that of younger patients and included uncommon and strategic removals of teeth and prosthesis. RESULTS: There was decrease in orthodontic treatment forces with increasing age, and the observation made from this study was favorable in the patients' as well as in the orthodontist's, point of view. It was possible to move the remaining teeth considerably, and the retention was made with various fixed appliances. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment is not limited by patient age. However, it is wise not to extend treatment goals too far beyond the patients' objective needs
Aged* ; Dental Arch ; Heart ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Orthodontics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

A 29 year old man without any noticeable past or familial history presented with left ACA and MCA territorial hemorrhagic infarction after consuming an overdose of disulfiram in a drunken state. This hemorrhagic infarction was thought to be caused by cardiac embolism, which developed following cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac injury induced by O form acceptor reductase associated with disulfiram poisoning. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(3):294~297, 2001)
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Disulfiram* ; Embolism ; Humans ; Infarction ; Oxidoreductases ; Poisoning*

Clavicular fractures commonly occur in adults and children. The usual site of these fractures is the mid clavicle with lateral end and medial end clavicular fractures being less common. Bipolar segmental clavicular injuries involving medial and lateral ends are rare but almost always occur in adults. This paper reports a very rare case of segmental clavicular fracture involving the medial and lateral end in an adolescent caused by direct trauma. The surgical management of a segmental fracture clavicle in an adolescent is reported with a discussion of the relevant literature.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Clavicle ; Humans

Primary ovarian pregnancy is comparatively rare in ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian pregnancy occurs in corpus luteum cyst and is usually accompanied with the rupture of ovary and a massive hemoperitoneum. It presents as a hemorrhagic ovary and frequently misdiagnosed as a ruptured corpus luteum. Spiegelberg's criteria should be fulfilled for the diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy. Two cases of ovarian pregnancy were presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Corpus Luteum ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemoperitoneum ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Rupture

Localized fibrous tumor is an uncommon submesothelial origin tumor found in pleura most commonly. Sixty five-year-old man with right lower quadrant pain was admitted. He was treated with resection of tumor and was diagnosed as localized fibrous tumor of pelvic cavity. He is now being followed up without any evidence of recurrence for 34 months. This case is presented with reviewing references.
Pleura ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVE: To determine if birth weight greater than 4000gm can be predicted by ultrasound measurement of abdominal circumference(AC) and if shoulder dystocia in macrosomic infants can be predicted by ultrasound measurement of the difference between the abdominal diameter(AD) and biparietal diameter(BPD). METHODS: A Retrospective study was performed of births occuring from March, 1998 to August, 1999 at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University. Among neonates of birth weight greater than 4000 gm, 50 cases in that ultrasound examination was done within 2 weeks before delivery were selected for macrosomic group and 50 cases were selected for control group during the same period, among neonate of birth weight from 3100gm to 3900gm. RESULTS: 1) Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery(NSVD) was 41 cases in control group and 30 cases in macrosomic group. Among NSVD, shoulder dystocia was 1 case in 41 cases of control group and was 7 cases in 30 cases of macrosomic group. 2) On ultrasound measurement, 6 cases had AC greater than 35 cm in control group and 45 cases in macrosomic group. Among 30 cases in NSVD was done in macrosomic group, difference between AD and BPD was 2.9 0.271 cm when shoulder dystocia was existed and was 2.1 0.409 cm when shoulder dystocia was not existed. Between the two groups, statistically significant difference was detected. 3) When AC(cutoff value of 35cm) was used for screening of macrosomia, sensitivity for macrosomia was 88.2% and specificity was 89.8% and when AD-BPD difference(cutoff value of 2.6cm) was used for prediction of shoulder dystocia, sensitivity for shoulder dystocia was 66.6% and specificity was 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In prenatal ultrasound measurement, AC measurement at third trimester of pregnancy will be a valuable indicator for macrosomia screening. The AD-BPD difference of shoulder dystocia group was greater than uncomplicated group in macrosomia and the AD-BPD difference cutoff value of 2.6cm was significant value statistically.
Birth Weight ; Dystocia* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder* ; Ultrasonography*