1.Antithrombotic and Neuroprotective Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2009;52(4):356-364
As, until now, many studies have failed to establish the clinical effect of numerous neuroprotectives, antithrombotic therapy must be emphasized as one of critical options among limited treatment strategies in acute ischemic stroke. Based on the accumulating evidences that platelets and coagulating proteins play an important role in the thrombus formation, antiplatelets and anticoagulants are served as antithrombotics. Recently, major advances have been made in understanding the effects of antiplatelets and anticoagulants. Large randomized clinical trials have highlighted the effectiveness and safety of early and continuous antiplatelet therapy in reducing atherothrombotic stroke recurrence. Urgent anticoagulation has been used often to prevent early recurrent stroke and to improve neurological outcomes, however, its formal use in acute stroke has been the subject of debate even in cardioembolic stroke. That's because anticoagulants also increase the risk of fatal or disabling intracranial hemorrhage and it is difficult to monitor proper anticoagulation. Although early administration of anticoagulants should be considered to prevent the secondary injury and the propagation of thrombosis in patients with atherothrombotic stroke, more evidences are needed especially in patients with infractions secondary to large artery thrombosis or cardioembolism. This review discusses recent advances related to antithrombotic strategies and putative neuroprotectives.
Anticoagulants
;
Arteries
;
Blood Platelets
;
Humans
;
Intracranial Hemorrhages
;
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
;
Proteins
;
Recurrence
;
Stroke
;
Thrombosis
2.Stroke subtypes and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young Korean adults
Dokyung Lee ; Sung Hyuk Heo ; Jung Hwa Kim ; Dae-Il Chang
Neurology Asia 2011;16(4):281-289
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to describe the ischemic stroke subtypes and risk
factors in young Korean adults, focusing mainly on traditional risk factors and management of
ischemic stroke. Methods: The study patients were the fi rst-ever acute cerebral ischemic infarction
age 49 years or below admitted to the Kyung Hee University Medical Centre from September 2003 to
June 2009, with ischaemic stroke patients >50 years as control. The stroke subtypes was categorized
according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classifi cation. The traditional risk factors
of ischemic stroke were examined. For those known to have hypertension and diabetes prior to onset
of stroke, their adherence to treatment of hypertension and diabetes was also assessed. Results: Close
to half of the patients ≤49 years were due to premature atherosclerosis from small vessel occlusion
and large artery atherosclerosis. The most common risk factor in declining order was hypertension,
smoking, dyslipidemia and obesity. On logistic regression analysis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and
obesity were strongly associated with small vessel occlusion. In patients who were known to have
hypertension and diabetes prior to the onset of stroke, the younger patients were less adherent to the
treatment as primary prevention than the older stroke patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that
premature atherosclerosis from small vessel occulusion is the most common cause of ischaemic stroke
among young adults in Korea. Non-adherence to primary preventive treatment of hypertension and
diabetes is common.
3.The Expression of c-erbB-2 and CD44 Gene in Breast Cancer.
Jun Heyoung HEO ; Yong Gui KIM ; Sung Hyuk KIM ; Jai Hak LEE
Journal of the Korean Cancer Association 1998;30(6):1119-1130
PURPOSE: There are some controversial opinions on the prognostic value of metastasis- associated tumor markers in breast cancer. Out of them, the overexpression of c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene or CD44 gene has been debated on their activities in promoting metastatic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To detennine the relationship between expression of these genes, and, clinicopathological parameters and disease outcomes including relapse and survival, 48 archival paraffin-embeded breast-cancer tissues were stained using monoclonal antibody against each gene product by immunohistochemical staining method, and the result was analyzed. RESULTS: The positive expression rates of c-erbB-2 and CD44 genes were 45.8% and 18.8%, respectively. The expression rates of both genes were 14.6% and 50% of cases showed no expression of either gene. Except the statistically significant positive correlation between CD44 and tumor size (P=0.003), the expression of c-erbB-2 or CD44 expression had no significant relationship with tumor size, stage, lymph node status, and disease recurrence (P>0.05). In the positive expression cases for CD44, disesase-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in months were shorter than the negative ones (53+/- 8 vs. 64+/-5 and 67+/-8 vs. 77+/-5 S.E.). And, the c-erbB-2 positive cases had longer OS than the negative ones (78+/- 6 vs. 71+/- 6). The OS of positive co-expression cases with the c-erbB-2 and CD44 was shorter than that of one-gene expression ones (66+/- 6 vs. 75+/-7). Thus the OS result observed in the expression of c-erbB-2 alone was reversed in the co-expression study. Though these results had no statistically significant level (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest a question if there is any interaction or dependency between c-erbB-2 and CD44 expression in view of disease process including OS. Finally, further randomised controlled studies are advisable for the reproducible and significant results.
Breast Neoplasms*
;
Breast*
;
Genes, erbB-2
;
Lymph Nodes
;
Recurrence
;
Biomarkers, Tumor
4.Early-stage Alcoholic Cerebellar Degeneration: Diagnostic Imaging Clues.
Ji Hoon LEE ; Sung Hyuk HEO ; Dae Il CHANG
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2015;30(11):1539-1539
No abstract available.
Aged
;
Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/etiology/*pathology
;
Alcoholism/complications/*pathology
;
Cerebellum/*pathology
;
Diagnosis, Differential
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
;
Male
;
Reproducibility of Results
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
;
Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*etiology/*pathology
5.Impairments of Inhibitory Motor Control in Cerebral Cortical Infarction.
Jin San LEE ; Sung Hyuk HEO ; Dae Il CHANG
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2015;33(2):116-118
No abstract available.
Infarction*
6.Cerebral Artery Stenosis in a Young Stroke Patient with Eales’ Disease
Hyun-Ho KIM ; Kyung Mi LEE ; Sung Hyuk HEO
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2021;39(4):327-330
Eales’ disease is an idiopathic disorder induced by ischemic retinal vasculitis, usually affecting the peripheral retina. We encountered a young patient diagnosed as cerebral infarction with a history of Eales’ disease. The patient’s middle cerebral artery showed multifocal stenosis with contrast enhancement, suggesting vasculitis. These findings might give clues to a rare cause of cerebral artery stenosis.
9.Different Clinical Courses of Idiopathic Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy.
Jin Keon PARK ; Yu Yong SHIN ; Ji Hoon LEE ; Sung Hyuk HEO
Korean Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2016;18(1):25-27
No abstract available.
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases*
;
Hypoglossal Nerve*
;
Paralysis
;
Prognosis
10.Treatment of advanced gastric cancer with 5-fluorouracil, etoposide and cisplatin(FEP).
Joung Soon JANG ; Young Hyuk IM ; Sung Soo YOON ; Jae Yong LEE ; Dae Seog HEO ; Yung Jue BANG ; Noe Kyeong KIM
Journal of the Korean Cancer Association 1992;24(5):702-707
No abstract available.
Etoposide*
;
Fluorouracil*
;
Stomach Neoplasms*