OBJECTIVES: To investigate the nature of emotional responsiveness in normal adults, we exam the emotional responses to emotional pictures in an evaluative space defined by arousal and valence. METHODS: Subjects were instructed to rate the arousal and valence that they experienced from the presentation of one of two sets of 60 emotional pictures. These two picture sets were comprised of 107 pictures: 101 selected from International Affective Pictures System and six pictures from our own collection. According to "evaluative space model", the authors set an evaluative space defined by the arousal scores as independent variable and the valence scores as dependent variable. In this evaluative space, one-hundred-and-seven pairs of coordinates representing respective emotional pictures were plotted. With regression analyses, the steepness of the regression lines on the plots with positive emotional responsiveness (n=51) and those with negative emotional responsiveness (n=56) were compared. RESULTS: In the evaluative space, the regression line of negative emotional responsiveness was significantly different from that of positive responsiveness. The slope of negative responsiviveness was significantly steeper than that of positive responsiveness. At a low arousal level, the absolute valence of a positive stimuli was larger than that of a negative picture. CONCLUSION: This finding indicates that the function of the negative affective responsiveness might be different from that of the positive responsitiveness. IAPS also seems applicable to Korean subjects.
Adult ; Arousal ; Humans

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Residual platelet reactivity in patients who are taking clopidogrel is commonly measured with VerifyNow assay, which is based on the principle of light transmission aggregometry. However, to evaluate the residual platelet reactivity, it would be more accurate if the reactivity of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa is directly monitored. In this study, PAC1, a monoclonal antibody against activated platelet GP IIb/IIIa, was used to measure the residual platelet reactivity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty seven patients with coronary artery disease taking clopidogrel were enrolled. Platelets in whole blood were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated PAC1. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and % positive platelets (PP) were measured with flow cytometry, and the binding index (BI; MFI x %PP/100) was calculated. P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) and % inhibition of VerifyNow assay were also measured in the usual manner. RESULTS: PRU of VerifyNow assay correlated significantly with MFI, %PP, and BI at 10 microM (r=0.59, 0.73, and 0.60, respectively, all p<0.005) and 20 microM of adenosine diphosphate (ADP; r=0.61, 0.75, and 0.63, respectively, all p<0.005). The % inhibition also correlated significantly with MFI, %PP, and BI at 10 microM (r=-0.60, -0.69, and -0.59, respectively, all p<0.005) and 20 microM of ADP (r=-0.63, -0.71, and -0.62, respectively, all p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Direct measurements of the reactivity of platelet GP IIb/IIIa were feasible using PAC1 and flow cytometry in patients taking clopidogrel. Further clinical studies are required to determine the cut-off values which would define high residual platelet reactivity in patients on this treatment protocol.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Blood Platelets* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescence ; Glycoproteins* ; Humans ; Platelet Function Tests

Tuberculosis generally affects the respiratory tract. In developing nations, the pericardium is the most common location of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, tuberculous pericarditis rarely appears as a localized mass or tuberculoma. We present here a case of a 62-year-old woman with pericardial tuberculoma. She had a history of effusive tuberculous pericarditis and drainage. Because she had taken regular medication over a period of six months, the pericardial mass with an adjacent lung nodule newly detected on the chest radiogram was initially suspected of being invasive lung cancer. Prior to pathologic confirmation, precise information from imaging tests, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography are helpful when making decisions regarding which methods should be used for surgical approach and treatment. Through imaging, our case showed typical features of pericardial tuberculoma and a favorable clinical course after two months with a change in antituberculous therapy.
Developing Countries ; Drainage ; Electrons ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Pericarditis, Tuberculous ; Pericardium ; Respiratory System ; Thorax ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: The prevalence and treatment patterns of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) vary according to ethnicity and region. This study analyzed nationwide data on the epidemiology, practice patterns, and mortality rates of AAA in Korea.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from patients treated for AAA from 2012 to 2016 were extracted from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) database.RESULTS: A total of 30,766 patients in Korea had treatment codes for AAA and 2,618 patients were treated for ruptured AAA. Of the 6,356 patients treated surgically, 1,849 and 4,507 underwent open surgical aneurysmal repairs (OSAR) or endovascular aneurysmal repairs (EVAR), respectively. The number of surgical treatments performed annually for AAA increased from 1,129 cases in 2012 to 1,501 cases in 2016. The number of EVAR cases increased from 753 to 1,109 during these five years, while the number of OSAR cases remained similar, at 376 and 392, respectively. The 30-day mortality rates after EVAR and OSAR were 4.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure. There were significant differences in the prevalence, proportion of EVAR, and mortality rates according to the regional area.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of AAA and the proportion of EVAR in Korea increased in the past 5 years, while the rupture rate and the proportion of OSAR remained similar. To minimize mortality and regional discrepancies, nationwide registry and treatment standardization are needed.
Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Mortality ; National Health Programs ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Rupture

Silica contaminates frequently accidental wounds, but most silica-contaminated wounds heal uneventfully with normal scarring. In exceptional cases, a delayed hypersensitivity granulomatous reaction occurs at the site of the old scar. We report a case of silica granuloma in a 30-year-old female. She had presented four discrete asymptomatic, mildly erythematous to skin colored papules or deep-seated nodules on upper extremity and trunk for 3 months. Histopathology of right upper arm lesion showed a well-demarcated conglomerate nodule in subcutaneous tissue, composed of numerous non-caseating granulomas without central necrotic or hyalinized foci. Small polarizable birefractile fibrous particles are found within the nodule. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) revealed thin needle shaped fibers with fracture ends and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA) of the fiber showed major peak for a silica component.
Adult ; Arm ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Needles ; Silicon Dioxide* ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Upper Extremity ; Wounds and Injuries

Isotopic response is the occurrence of a new skin disorder at the site of another, unrelated, and already healed skin disease. Various diseases have been reported in terms of isotopic response associated with herpes zoster, but the development of comedones is uncommon. We report a case of comedones that had developed on the site previously affected by herpes zoster in a 59-year-old male, which is thought to be an isotopic response. Eight months ago, he visited with herpes zoster lesions on the left upper eyelid, forehead and scalp(dermatome cranial nerve V1). He had grouped and discrete, slightly elevated, skin colored papules with dark, firm hyperkeratotic plug on the healed site of herpes zoster.
Cranial Nerves ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive behavioral therapy of schizophrenia has been developed as a psychological therapy for drug resistant patients with schizophrenia. However, there are some controversial issues regarding the size and mode of the therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy with supportive therapy after treatment. METHODS: Patients with drug resistant schizophrenia were randomly allocated, and stratified according to two mental health institutes to two different therapy groups. We used four assessment scales to evaluate residual symptoms of patients in detail. Patients were assessed twice by a blind rater, at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS: No significant differences in the change of PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) scores were observed between the cognitive behavioral therapy and supportive therapy groups at one month after treatment. There was no significant difference in change of K-PSYRATS (Korean-Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale)-Delusion score, however, a trend toward significance in K-PSYRATS - Hallucination was observed between the two groups. In the aspect of insight, a significant difference in the change of SDMD-K (The Scale to assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder-Korean version) score was observed between the two groups after treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite remarkable development of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia, many patients still suffer from residual symptoms. Findings of this study showed that cognitive behavioral therapy can improve the insight of patients and reduce the severity of residual positive symptoms, especially hallucination. Cognitive behavioral therapy should be practiced effectively in the psychiatric clinic and community mental health system.
Academies and Institutes ; Cognitive Therapy ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Schizophrenia ; Weights and Measures

A few case of deep granulomatous cutaneous infection have been reported in the Korean dermatologic literature, but Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes granuloma is rare. We report a case of Trichophytic granuloma caused by T. mentagrophytes in a 10-year-old male, who showed three, mild pruritic, coin to walnut-sized, erythematous plaques with indurations and crusts on the face for 1 month. Fungal culture of the biopsy specimen and scales of the lesion revealed T. mentagrophytes. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesion showed chronic granulomatous inflammation in the dermis and fungal hyphae in the hair shaft. After four weeks of terbinafine administration, lesions were cleared with mild erythematous macules.
Biopsy ; Child ; Dermis ; Granuloma* ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Inflammation ; Male ; Numismatics ; Skin ; Trichophyton* ; Weights and Measures

Segmental neurofibromatosis(neurofibromatosis type V) is rare disorder characterized by limitation of cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibroma or only neurofibroma on a given unilateral segment of the body. We report a case of segmental neurofibromatosis that developed in a 58-year-old male. The skin lesion was situated on the right antecubital area and wrist in the distribution of dermatomes C5 and C6. Histopathologic examination showed well-demarcated, non-encapsulated tumor of the dermis was composed of thin wavy collagenous fibers and loosely spaced spindle cells with elongated wavy nuclei. The patient was treated with surgical excision and carbon dioxide laser.
Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Skin ; Wrist

Psoriasiform lesion is rare in secondary syphilis. We report a case of psoriasiform syphilid in a 36-year-old man, who showed condyloma lata on the perianal area and multiple erythematous scaly plaques on the face, glans penis, scrotum, and both palms and soles. He had sexual contact with prostitute about 3 months ago. The differential diagnosis included papulosquamous diseases, especially psoriasis but a psoriasiform syphilid was confirmed through skin biopsies and serologic tests. The patient was treated with benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units intramuscularly weekly for 3 weeks. After the treatment with benzathine penicillin G, the skin lesions disappeared completely.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Penicillin G Benzathine ; Penis ; Psoriasis ; Scrotum ; Serologic Tests ; Sex Workers ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cutaneous*