PURPOSE: Early diagnosis of congenital hearing loss through the neonatal hearing screening test minimizes language defect. This research intends to identify frequency of congenital hearing loss in infants through neonatal hearing screening test with the aim of communicating the importance of hearing test for infants. METHODS: From May 20, 2003 to May 19, 2004, infants were subjected to Automated Auditory Brainstem Response test during one month of birth to conduct the test with 35 dB sound. Infants who passed the 1st round of hearing test, were classified into 'pass' group whereas those who did not were classified into 'refer' group. Infants who did not 'pass' in the hearing test conducted within one month of birth were subjected to re-test one month later, and if classified as 'refer' during the re-test, they were subjected to the diagnosis for validation of hearing loss by requesting test to the hearing loss clinic. RESULTS: There was no difference among the 'pass' and 'refer' group in terms of form of childbirth, weight at birth and gestational age. In the 1st test, total of 45 infants were classified into 'refer' group. Six among 35 who were subjected to re-test (17%) did not pass the re-test, and all were diagnosed with congenital hearing loss. This corresponds to 0.35% (3.5 per 1, 000) among total number of 1, 718 subjects. CONCLUSION: In our study the congenital hearing loss tends to be considerably more frequently than congenital metabolic disorder. Accordingly, newly born infants are strongly recommended to undergo neonatal hearing screening test.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Gestational Age ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing Tests ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mass Screening* ; Parturition

OBJECTIVE: To develop guidelines and recommendations to prevent and treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in Korea. METHODS: The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean College of Rheumatology developed this guideline based on Guidance for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines version 1.0 established by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. This guideline was developed by adapting previously-published guidelines, and a systematic review and quality assessment were conducted. RESULTS: This guideline applies to adults aged 19 years or older who are using or plan to use glucocorticoids (GCs), but does not include children and adolescents. An initial assessment of fracture risk should be performed within 6 months of initial GC use. Fracture risk should be estimated using FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) with adjustments for GC dose, previous osteoporotic fracture history, and bone mineral density (BMD) results. All patients taking more than 2.5 mg/day prednisolone or equivalent for more than 3 months are recommended to take adequate calcium and vitamin D. Patients at moderate to high fracture risk should be treated with additional osteoporosis medication. All patients continuing GC therapy should receive an annual BMD measurement, vertebral X-ray, and fracture risk assessment using FRAX. When a treatment failure is suspected, switching to another drug should be considered. CONCLUSION: This guideline is intended to provide guidance for clinicians in prevention and treatment of GIOP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Child ; Denosumab ; Diphosphonates ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Korea ; Miners ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Prednisolone ; Rheumatology ; Risk Assessment ; Teriparatide ; Treatment Failure ; Vitamin D

BACKGROUND: To develop guidelines and recommendations to prevent and treat glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in Korea. METHODS: The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean College of Rheumatology have developed this guideline based on Guidance for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines ver. 1.0 established by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. This guideline was developed by adapting previously published guidelines, and a systematic review and quality assessment were performed. RESULTS: This guideline applies to adults aged ≥19 years who are using or plan to use GCs. It does not include children and adolescents. An initial assessment of fracture risk should be performed within 6 months of initial GC use. Fracture risk should be estimated using the fracture-risk assessment tool (FRAX) after adjustments for GC dose, history of osteoporotic fractures, and bone mineral density (BMD) results. All patients administered with prednisolone or an equivalent medication at a dose ≥2.5 mg/day for ≥3 months are recommended to use adequate calcium and vitamin D during treatment. Patients showing a moderate-to-high fracture risk should be treated with additional medication for osteoporosis. All patients continuing GC therapy should undergo annual BMD testing, vertebral X-ray, and fracture risk assessment using FRAX. When treatment failure is suspected, switching to another drug should be considered. CONCLUSIONS: This guideline is intended to guide clinicians in the prevention and treatment of GIOP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Child ; Denosumab ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Korea ; Miners ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Prednisolone ; Rheumatology ; Risk Assessment ; Teriparatide ; Treatment Failure ; Vitamin D

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea and the world. Since 2004, this is the 4th gastric cancer guideline published in Korea which is the revised version of previous evidence-based approach in 2018. Current guideline is a collaborative work of the interdisciplinary working group including experts in the field of gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and guideline development methodology. Total of 33 key questions were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group and 40 statements were developed according to the systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and KoreaMed database. The level of evidence and the grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation proposition. Evidence level, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability was considered as the significant factors for recommendation. The working group reviewed recommendations and discussed for consensus. In the earlier part, general consideration discusses screening, diagnosis and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. Flowchart is depicted with statements which is supported by meta-analysis and references. Since clinical trial and systematic review was not suitable for postoperative oncologic and nutritional follow-up, working group agreed to conduct a nationwide survey investigating the clinical practice of all tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to provide baseline information on follow up. Herein we present a multidisciplinary-evidence based gastric cancer guideline.