To know the correlation between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesion and to define the characteristics of interstitial inflammatory cell in IgA nephropathy and classified according to WHO classification and graded tubulointerstitial lesion as mild, moderate and severe. Paraffin-embedded 5u sections were stained with UCHL-l, L26 and CD68 antibodies. More than 20 fields were examined in each case under the high power microscopy and the number of positive cells were counted. There was positive correlation between the severity of glomerular and that of tubulointerstitial lesion. The mostcommoninflammatory cells in the interstitiuin were UCHL-l positive cells followed by CD68 and L26 positive cells. As the WHO grade or tubulointerstitial lesion increased, the numbers of positive cells were increased in all three groups. The proportion of UCHL-1 Positive cells were increased in cases with high WHO grade whereas that of L26 positive cells incases with severe tubulointerstitial lesion Proteinuria was correlated with the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, especially with that of L26 positive cells.

No abstract available.
Amenorrhea* ; Female

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Colon* ; Constipation* ; Enema* ; Fecal Incontinence* ; Humans

From November 1987 to December 1995, 76 patients with periampullary cancer underwent resectional surgery in the department of surgery, Kosin medical college. The object of this study was to assess the prognostic factors of the periampullary cancer after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The postoperative mortality rate was 11.8%. Significant morbidity occurred in 39.5% of the patients, early reoperation was required in 9.2% of these patients, and the mean hospital stay was 21.7 days. Univariate analysis on all patients revealed that the survival rate was significantly related to the size of the tumor (> or =3.0 cm 13%, <3.0 cm 41.4%; p<0.05), lymph node status (invasion 8.7%, no invasion 31.8%; p<0.05) and the age of the patient (>50 20.5%, < or =50 34.5%; p<0.05). The site was less significant(distal CBD 27%, ampulla of Vater 16.7%, pancreas 9%, duodenum 2%; p>0.05). These results indicated that patients with a tumor size lesser than 3cm, without lymph node involvement, and under the age of 50 had a long term survival rate.
Ampulla of Vater ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Reoperation ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation coefficient of knowledge about multicultural, and attitude toward migrant wives by nursing Students. METHODS: Research participants of this study were 212 students attending nursing university in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Jeollanam-do. A self-report instrument was used to measure knowledge about multicultural and attitudes toward migrant wives. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis with SPSS/Win 20.0 were used. RESULTS: The mean knowledge about multicultural was 8.10 out of 13 and the mean attitudes toward migrant wives was 2.45 out of 5. Factors affecting knowledge about multicultural were age. Factors affecting attitudes toward migrant wives were age, residential district, experience of overseas trip, experience of living abroad and foreign language fluency. There was a positive correlation between knowledge about multicultural and attitudes toward migrant wives. CONCLUSION: Developing knowledge about multicultural and positive attitudes toward migrant wives is necessary in nursing school curricula. Therefore, nursing educator should make actual and effective education program.
Curriculum ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Nursing* ; Schools, Nursing ; Seoul ; Spouses* ; Students, Nursing* ; Transients and Migrants*

The family Peronosporaceae, an obligate biotrophic group of Oomycota, causes downy mildew disease on many cultivated and ornamental plants such as beet, cucumber, grape, onion, rose, spinach, and sunflower. To investigate the diversity of Peronosporaceae species in Korea, we performed morphological analysis for dried plant herbariums with downy mildew infections by two largest genera, Peronospora and Plasmopara. As a result, it was confirmed that there are five species of Peronospora and two species of Plasmopara, which have been so far unrecorded in Korea, as well as rarely known in the world; Pl. angustiterminalis (ex Xanthium strumarium), Pl. siegesbeckiae (ex Siegesbeckia glabrescens), P. chenopodii-ambrosioidis (ex Chenopodium ambrosioides), P. chenopodii-ficifolii (ex Chenopodium ficifolium), P. clinopodii (ex Clinopodium cf. vulgare), P. elsholtziae (ex Elsholtzia ciliata), and P. lathyrina (ex Lathyrus japonicus). In addition, their phylogenetic relationship was inferred by molecular sequence analysis of ITS, LSU rDNA, and cox2 mtDNA. By rediscovering the seven missing species and barcoding their DNA sequences, this study provides valuable insights into the diversity and evolutionary studies of downy mildew pathogens.

PURPOSE: We compared the impact of prostate volume on oncological and functional outcomes 2 years after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2010, 253 consecutive patients who had undergone prostatectomy by a single surgeon were serially followed over 2 years postoperatively. RALP was performed on 77 patients and ORP on 176. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to prostate volume as measured by transrectal ultrasound: less than 40 g and 40 g or larger. Recoveries of potency and continence were checked serially by interview 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: RALP was associated with less blood loss (ORP vs. RALP: 910 mL vs. 640 mL, p<0.001) but a longer operation time (150 minutes vs. 220 minutes, p<0.001) than was ORP. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for oncological outcomes, such as positive surgical margin (40% vs. 39%, p=0.911) or biochemical recurrence (12% vs. 7%, p=0.155). The overall functional outcomes showed no statistically significant differences at 2 years of follow-up (continence: 97% vs. 94%, p=0.103; potency: 51% vs. 56%, p=0.614). In the results of an inter-subgroup analysis, potency recovery was more rapid in patients who underwent RALP in a small-volume prostate than in those who underwent ORP in a small-volume prostate (3 months: 24% vs. 0%, p=0.005; 6 months: 36% vs. 10%, p=0.024). However, patients who underwent RALP in a large-volume prostate were less likely to recover continence than were patients who underwent ORP in a large-volume prostate (97% vs. 88%, p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Patients can be expected to recover erectile function more quickly after RALP than after ORP, especially in cases of a small prostate volume.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Robotics ; Urinary Incontinence

Tuberculous meningitis is qutie a common disease and delay in treatment is associated with poor prognosis. But the study on the prognosis of tuberculous meningitis is rare in Korea. We analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings of 159 cases seen between 1986 and 1990 at the Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital. The specific aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical presentation, course and outcome and to determine the factors that may have influence on the outcome of tuberculous meningitis. The following results were obtained. 1. The highest incidence of age was noted in third decade as 37 cases (23.3%)and there was a tendency that the annual incidence of tuberculous meningitis declined since 1989. 2. The most presenting symptoms on admission were headache in 114 cases (71.7%), fever and chilling in 112 cases (70.4%), nausea and vomiting in 71 cases (44.7%), altered consciousness in 38 cases(23.9%) in order and clinical stage on admission revealed 83 cases of stage 2 and 14 cases of stage 3. 3. Associated tuberculous lesions other than central nervous system were found in 56 cases (35.2%) including miliary tuberculosis (15.7%), pulmonary tuberculosis (13.8%), spinal tuberculosis (3.1%), renal tuberculosis and so on. 4. Comparing with those who have not developed neurological sequelae on discharge, the mean protein value of cerebrospinal fluid on admission was increased and the mean glucose value and WBC count were decreased in patients who have developed neurological sequelae. 5. Brain computed tomography scan was performed in 122 cases and it revealed no abnormal findings in 54 cases (44.3%), enlarged ventricle in 44 cases (36.1%), basal enhancement in 25 cases (20.5%), lacunes in 18 cases (14.8%) and tuberculous granu-lomas in 8 cases (6.6%). 6. The neurological sequelae were developed in 53 cases (33.3%) including altered consciousness (13.2%), cranial nerve palsies (10.1%), death (5.0%), hemiparesis (4.4%), paraparesis(3.1%)and so on. 7. Prognosis of tuberculous meningitis app.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Consciousness ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Fever ; Glucose ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Nausea ; Paresis ; Prognosis ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; Vomiting