The pattern reversal visual evoked potential(PRVEP) and flash electroretinogram(flash ERG) were performed in 22 patients with optic atrophy. Patients with ophthalmologic problems other than optic atrophy or with systemic disorders were excluded from the analysis The results are as follows: 1. In the 41 eyes of patients with optic atrophy, 39 of them showed abnormal PRVEP, in which all the eyes had no consistent waveform except in one patient 2 eyes with delayed P1 latency. 2. 13 eyes were abnormal in both PRVEP and flash ERG but no eye was abnomnal in flash ERG only 3, Regarding the flash ERG examination, 13 eyes were abnomlal. Of these, there was a period of 1 to 2 years for 1 eye's disease, a period of 2 to 5 years for another eye' disease and after 5 years 11 eyes were diseased. Therefore, it showed that the longer the duration of disease lasted, the more flash ERG abnormalities developed. 4. The abnormalities of PRVEP haxe no significant relationship with the duration of the disease.
Evoked Potentials, Visual* ; Humans ; Optic Atrophy*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: The heat produced during polymerization of polymer-based provisional materials may cause thermal damage to the vital pulp. PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the exotherm reaction of the polymerbased provisional materials during polymerization by differential scanning calorimetry and to compare the temperature changes of different types of resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three dimethacrylate-based materials (Protemp 3 Garant, Luxatemp Plus, Luxatemp Fluorescence) and five monomethacrylate-based material (Snap, Alike, Unifast TRAD, Duralay, Jet) were selected. Temperature changes of polymer-based provisional materials during polymerization in this study were evaluated by D.S.C Q-1000 (TA Instrument, Wilmington, DE, USA). The following three measurements were determined from the temperature versus time plot: (1) peak temperature, (2) time to reach peak temperature, (3) heat capacity. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Bonferroni test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The mean peak temperature was 39.5 degrees C (+/- 1.0). The peak temperature of the polymer-based provisional materials decreased in the following order: Duralay > Unifast TRAD, Alike > Jet > Luxatemp Plus, Protemp 3 Garant, Snap, Luxatemp Fluorescence. The mean time to reach peak temperature was 95.95 sec (+/- 64.0). The mean time to reach peak temperature of the polymer-based provisional materials decreased in the following order: Snap, Jet > Duralay > Alike > Unifast TRAD > Luxatemp Plus, Protemp 3 Garant, Luxatemp Fluorescence. The mean heat capacity was 287.2 J/g (+/- 107.68). The heat capacity of the polymer-based provisional materials decreased in the following order: Duralay > TRAD, Jet, Alike > Snap, Luxatemp Fluorescence, Protemp 3 Garant, Luxatemp Plus. CONCLUSION: The heat capacity of materials, determined by D.S.C., is a factor in determining the thermal insulating properties of restorative materials. The peak temperature of PMMA was significantly higher than others (PEMA, dimethacrylate). No significant differences were found among PEMA (Snap) and dimethacrylate (P > 0.05). The time to reach peak temperature was greatest with PEMA, followed by PMMA and dimethacrylate. The heat capacity of PMMA was significantly higher than others (PEMA, dimethacrylate). No significant differences were found among PEMA and dimethacrylate (P>0.05).
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning* ; Crowns* ; Denture, Partial, Fixed* ; Fluorescence ; Hot Temperature ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Polymethyl Methacrylate

A psoas abscess is a potentially life-threatening infection. Multiple pyogenic spondylodiscitis with bilateral psoas abscesses accompanying an osteomyelitis of the lateral malleolus is an extremely rare event. We present our experience with needle aspiration for the treatment of osteomyelitis of the lateral malleolus and CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage for a psoas abscess in an elderly patient. Both infections were completely resolved without recurrence. A psoas abscess should be included in the differential diagnosis of a patient with low back pain during musculoskeletal infection. Percutaneous needle aspiration or CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage is an effective method for treating certain musculoskeletal infections.
Aged ; Catheters ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Discitis ; Drainage ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Needles ; Osteomyelitis ; Psoas Abscess ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of peritumoral bone marrow(BM) edema accompanying benign giant celltumor(GCT) of the appendicular bone by magnetic resonance(MR) imaging and to correlate MRI findings with those ofplain radiography and bone scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen cases of pathologically proven benignGCT of the appendicular bone were retrospectively analyzed using MR images, plain radiographs and bonescintigrams. A plain radiograph was available in 15 cases, and a scintigram in six. Marrow edema was defined asperitumoral signal changes which were of homogeneous intermediate or low signal intensity(SI) on T1WI and high SIon T2WI, relative to the SI of normal BM, and homogeneous enhancement on Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1WI. The transitionzone, sclerotic margin and aggressiveness of the lesion were assessed on the basis of plain radiographs. BM edemaseen on MR images was correlated with plain radiographic and scintigraphic findings. RESULTS: 1. Peritumoral BMedema was seen on MR images in 10 of 18 cases (55.5%). 2. In 8 of 15 cases for which plain radiographs wereavailable, MR imaging revealed BM edema. In six of these eight, transition zone was wide, while in two it wasnarrow. Six of seven patients without marrow edema showed a wide transition zone, and in one this was narrow.There was significant correlation between BM edema shown by MR imaging and the transition zone seen on plainradiographs (x2, p<0.05). But The aggressiveness shown by plain radiographs correlated only marginally, while thepresence of sclerotic rim did not correlate. 3. All six cases for which a bone scintigram was available showed anextended uptake pattern. In five of the six, MR imaging revealed edema. CONCLUSION: Peritumoral BM edema wasfrequently seen (55.5%) in the GCTs of appendicular bone ; it was more often shown in association with a widetransition zone by plain radiographs.
Bone Marrow* ; Edema* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

Ectopic paragonimiasis has been diagnosed in many organs, such as the mesentery, peritoneum, omentum, diaphragm, pleura, liver, ovary, central nervous system and subcutis. However, simultaneous involvement of the peritoneum, mesentery and omentum is relatively unusual. A 52 years old woman, who visited our hospital because of abdominal pain, is the subject of this report. A CT scan showed an approximate 3.9x9.0 cm sized omphalomesenteric duct cyst in the left paraumbilical area of abdomen. An explorative laparotomy was performed, and the pathologic diagnosis was nonspecific chronic inflammation, with diffuse foreign body granuloma due to parasitic eggs. Postoperatively, the immunoserologic test for paragonimus wetermani was positive. A case of peritoneal, mesenteric and omental paragonimiasis, presenting as omental cystic masses, is presented, with a brief review of the literature.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Eggs ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Mesentery ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; Ovary ; Ovum ; Paragonimiasis* ; Paragonimus ; Peritoneum ; Pleura ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vitelline Duct

It is important to recognize idiopathic osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis of the patella not only because of its rarity but because a majority of the patients remain asymptomatic without treatment. The etiology of osteonecrosis is unclear. Certain conditions and diseases have been associated with osteonecrosis of the patella including the systemic administration of steroids, a fracture of the patella, a total knee arthroplasty and other traumatic conditions. The diagnosis is usually made with radiographs, MR imaging and a radioisotopic bone scan. It is believed to have a benign course and a favorable prognosis. We report for the first time in Korea a patient with idiopathic osteonecrosis diffusely involving the whole patella without any obvious cause.
Arthroplasty ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Osteonecrosis* ; Patella* ; Prognosis ; Steroids

Hereditary progressive dystonia develope in the first decade of ?life and is characterized by marked diurnal fluctuation of symptoms(dystonic postures and movements), i.e.symptoms aggrevated towards evening and alleviated after sleep. These symptoms and signs responded dramatically to levodopa. With the high incidence of familial cases this disorder is considers to be hereditary, but inheritance is not clear yet. Segawa regarded this disorder as a dystonia different from Parkinson's disease and other types of dystonic movement disorders, thereafter it has been reported under name of hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation.
Dystonia* ; Incidence ; Levodopa ; Movement Disorders ; Parkinson Disease ; Posture ; Wills

Paroxysmal choreoathetosis(dyskinesia) is classified into two subtypes: paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis(PKC) and paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis(PDC). PDC consist of attacks of dystonia and /or choreoathetosis during which the patients are dysarthric or anarthric, have irregular clonic movement and dystonic posturing of extremities, and these not precipitated by sudden movement but rather by alocohol, coffee and stress. Attacks are longer (2ninute-4hours), but less frequently(3-4times/day) than PKC, they are not responsive to anticonvulsants(eg, phenytoin, carbamazepine) but controlled by clonazepam.This disease is rare, in the reported families, the transmission was clearly autosomal dominant with high penetrance.
Coffee ; Dystonia ; Extremities ; Humans ; Penetrance ; Phenytoin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence of clavicle fracture in birth trauma associated with delivery, fetal presentation, birth weight and to identify the difference of the prognosis of clavicle fracture when immobilization was performed or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 12,738 live births from March 1996 to December 2000, we reveiwed retrospectively the medical records and radiographs of 39 cases of clavicle fracture which were followed for more than 6 months. Statistical analysis was measured P-value. Except 11 cases that diagnosis was delayed, 27 cases were treated with figure of 8-bandage, and 1 case, which was combined with humerus fracture, was treated with long arm cast. RESULTS: Among 39 cases infants of clavicle fracture, 36 cases (0.57%) were delivered through vaginal delivery, 3 cases (0.04%) through ceasarean section. Fetal presentations were cephalic presentation in 29 cases, shoulder dystocia in 8 cases, breech presentation in 2 cases. The mean birth weight was 3.8 kg, the high prevalence (8.5%) was identified on large birth weight infants more than 4 kg (p<0.05). The fracture site was proximal portion in 12 cases, middle portion in 27 cases and right clavicle in 24 cases, left clavicle in 13 cases and both clavicle in 1 case. The combined injuries were the brachial plexus palsy (2 cases), skull fracture (1 case) and cephalhematoma (1 case). Finally all cases of clavicle fracture were shown radiographically bony union within 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: The newborn clavicle fractures were remarkably low incidence in cesarean section delivery and were easily neglected, and were detected accidentally on simple chest X-ray that was performed for upper respiratory infection. As a conclusion, it is necessary of screening test through careful physical examination and X-ray interpretation.
Arm ; Birth Weight ; Brachial Plexus ; Breech Presentation ; Cesarean Section ; Clavicle* ; Diagnosis ; Dystocia ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Labor Presentation ; Live Birth ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Paralysis ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Skull Fractures ; Thorax

Parathyroid cancer is a rare disease, of which about 700 cases have been reported since first being described by de Quevain in 1904. In particular, multiple primary parathyroid cancer is extremely rare and to our knowledge only 4 cases have been reported in the literature since the first report in 1990. A 41-year-old male patient was presented with bilateral neck mass, polydypsia and polyuria with hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone level. The patient underwent surgery at Kosin University Gospel Hospital and was diagnosed as double parathyroid cancer on pathologic examination. So, we report this rare case with literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Male ; Neck ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parathyroid Neoplasms* ; Polyuria ; Rare Diseases