No abstract available.
Animals ; Nerve Regeneration* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Hydration, the water content of the stratum corneum, is an important factor in both the appearance and the barrier function of the skin. Many non-invasive methods have been developed in order to assesa the hydration state of the skin and the effect of various moisturizers. The hydrometer and carneometer are commercially available instruments which are widely used in dermatologic research. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the measuring usefulnes of both instruments on normal subjects with a wide range of hydration states of the hornylayer. METHODS: We measured the conductance with the hydrometer and the capacitance with the corneometer in various hydrating eonditions and compared both insruments. RESULTS: Conductance had a non linear correlation with capacita ice. Capacitance measured with the corneometer had a high sensitivity to moisture in a wide range of hydration levels. On the other hand, conductance guaged with the hydrometer showed a few sensitivity to moisture at a low level. When the hydretion level was measured after a moiturizer was added, 10 % urea cream showed a sharp increase by 256% in terms of conductanae, and H-base by 97.8%. Mineral oil decreased by 41.5% and petrolatum by 62% respectively. On the other hand, when measured in terms of capacitance under the same conditions as above, 38.9 increase in 10% urea cream, 19.3% increase in H-base, 20% decrease in mineral oil, and 43.5 % decrease in petrolatum were reported. Conductance showed a higher hygroscopicity and a lower water holding capacity than capacitance did. When the measurement of the moisture level iri virious parts of the human body is performed, the corneometer provided us with more stable alies than the hydrometer. While the hydrometer can not the available and appropriate under the condition of insulation, the corneometer can measure moisture levels even down at the depth of 250mm. When measured after the oily surface of the forehead was cleansed with soft tissue, conductance and capacitance revealed higher values of moisture levels than before the eleanin. However, there is no statistical significance in these values. CONCLUSION: The hydrometer is a more appropriate tool for the measurement of moisture at a high level, and the corneometer at a low moisture level. The hydrcmeter is a more sensitive method of measuring the increase and the decrease in the moisture level.
Forehead ; Hand ; Human Body ; Ice ; Lasers, Gas ; Mineral Oil ; Petrolatum ; Skin* ; Urea ; Water ; Wettability

BACKGROUND: Hydration, the water content of the stratum corneum, is an important factor in both the appearance and the barrier function of the skin. Many non-invasive methods have been developed in order to assesa the hydration state of the skin and the effect of various moisturizers. The hydrometer and carneometer are commercially available instruments which are widely used in dermatologic research. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the measuring usefulnes of both instruments on normal subjects with a wide range of hydration states of the hornylayer. METHODS: We measured the conductance with the hydrometer and the capacitance with the corneometer in various hydrating eonditions and compared both insruments. RESULTS: Conductance had a non linear correlation with capacita ice. Capacitance measured with the corneometer had a high sensitivity to moisture in a wide range of hydration levels. On the other hand, conductance guaged with the hydrometer showed a few sensitivity to moisture at a low level. When the hydretion level was measured after a moiturizer was added, 10 % urea cream showed a sharp increase by 256% in terms of conductanae, and H-base by 97.8%. Mineral oil decreased by 41.5% and petrolatum by 62% respectively. On the other hand, when measured in terms of capacitance under the same conditions as above, 38.9 increase in 10% urea cream, 19.3% increase in H-base, 20% decrease in mineral oil, and 43.5 % decrease in petrolatum were reported. Conductance showed a higher hygroscopicity and a lower water holding capacity than capacitance did. When the measurement of the moisture level iri virious parts of the human body is performed, the corneometer provided us with more stable alies than the hydrometer. While the hydrometer can not the available and appropriate under the condition of insulation, the corneometer can measure moisture levels even down at the depth of 250mm. When measured after the oily surface of the forehead was cleansed with soft tissue, conductance and capacitance revealed higher values of moisture levels than before the eleanin. However, there is no statistical significance in these values. CONCLUSION: The hydrometer is a more appropriate tool for the measurement of moisture at a high level, and the corneometer at a low moisture level. The hydrcmeter is a more sensitive method of measuring the increase and the decrease in the moisture level.
Forehead ; Hand ; Human Body ; Ice ; Lasers, Gas ; Mineral Oil ; Petrolatum ; Skin* ; Urea ; Water ; Wettability

We report a case of renal pelvic calcification and ossification simulating a renal pelvic stone. histopathological examination of resected kidney revealed submucosal calcification in the pelvic and ossified foci in the perivascular area. This is the first report in the Korean literature and have been reported 1 case in the English literature till now. This is very rare entity unrelated to amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis ; Kidney

419 bacterial strains in 395 specimens of urine(significant bacteriuria) were found during the period of 12 months from January 1,1979 to December 31,1979, and the following results were obtained: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1(male;210,female;185) and the most common age group was 6th decade in male and 3rd decade in female. 2. 85.4% was gram negative bacilli group,14.1 percent was Gram positive cocci group and 0.5% was fungus in 419 isolated strains the isolated organisms were E.coli(35.1%), Serratia(11.2%), Proteus(11.2%), Psuedomonas(9.8%), Streptococcus(7.2%), Staphylococcus(6.0%), Klebsiella(5.7%), alcaligencs(3.3%), Citrobacter(2.6%), Enterococcus(1.0%), fungus(0.5%), acinebacter(0.2%) and flavobacter(0.2%) . In male patient E.coli(17.4%), Serratia(14.3%), Proteus(17.0%), Psuedomonas(15.2%), Streptococcus(7.2%) were the common causative organisms and in the female patients E.coli(57.0%) was the main invader. 3. In 183 patients of urologic department, the indwelling catheter and other instrumentation was the most common cause of bacteriuria in male and the uncomplicated infection was the most common one in female./ the most common causative organism of bacteriuria in the cases of uncomplicated infection obstruction and urinary stone is E.coli but Pseudomonas, Proteus and Serratia a well as E.coli were common in indwelling catheter and instrumentation group. 4. The Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to amikacin(80.5%), colimycin(70.7%), tobramycin(64.4%), and gentamicin(56.0%) and the Gram positive cocci were sensitive to carbenicillin(76.3%) tobramycin(46.7%) amikacin(43.5%) penicillin(41.4%) TAO(40.8%) and Gentamicin(40.4%).
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriuria ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Female ; Fungi ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Male ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Serratia ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in adult, of which absolute causes is not confirmed, but explained by multifactorial inheritance. In Korea, there has been no case report of atrial septal defect in identical twins in spite of some reports of atrial septal defect in relatives and twins in other countries. We present a first case of atrial septal defect in identical twins whose mother had no infection or medication history during pregnancy.
Adult ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Pregnancy ; Twins ; Twins, Monozygotic*

After ureterosoopic stone extraction, temporary ureteral catheter or stent insertion has been performed routinely in order to reduce postoperative pain and other complications even in patients without significant visible damage b the ureter endoscopically. However. it brines considerable discomfort to the patients. In this study. 67 patients with no significant damage to the ureter after ureteroscopic stone extraction were divided into two groups to evaluate the usefulness of temporary ureteral stent insertion. In 35 cases. group 1. a ureteral stent was inserted after stone extraction and in 32 cases. group 2. a stent was not inserted after stone extraction. Then the incidence of postoperative flank pain. dysuria. gross hematuria present for more than 24 hours. fever. admission du. ration. urinalysis and urine culture at postoperative 1 week and 2 weeks. and IVP at postoperative 3 months were investigated. In order to evaluate the relationship of operating time b the incidence or complications, each group divided into those taking more than one hour in operating time and those taking less than one hour. The following results were obtained ; 1. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between two groups, except for flank pain. The incidence of flank pain was 11.4% (4 cases) in group 1 and 40.6% (13 cases) in group 2. showing a significant difference (p<0.05). 2. In operations taking more than one hour. stented group showed a significant decrease(p<0.025) in the incidence of flank pain but in operations taking less than one hour, there was no significant difference between two groups. From the above results. it seems that a ureteral stent insertion is not necessary after ureteroscopic stone extraction in case of operating time less than 1 hour and no significant ureteral injury notified. But. ureteral stent insertion is helpful to reduce postoperative flank pain in case of operative time more than 1 hour.
Dysuria ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; Stents* ; Ureter* ; Ureteroscopy ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Catheters

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps*

Of 35 patients with 38 knees treated using simple excision method for Osgood-Schlatter lesion, had a distinct and separate ossicle at the tibial tubercle. All ossicles were attached to the distal part of the undersurface of the ligamentum patellae and were separated from the tuberosity by a bursa or scar tissue. Surgical excision of ossicle along with adjacent bursa was satisfactory and simplest procedure to relieve the symptoms, did not respond to conservative treatment.
Cicatrix ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Patellar Ligament

Autoerotic death is an accidental death during sexual pleasure, usually caused by a device or equipment used to enhance pleasure. Autoerotic deaths can be classified as typical or atypical. Typical autoerotic deaths occur due to asphyxiation by mechanical compression, while atypical autoerotic deaths occur by means other than asphyxiation. Narcissism-associated accidental deaths during tube and wire insertion into the urethra and rectum are extremely rare. The victim, a man in his 40s, was found dead at his home. Several tools for masturbation and wires for urethral and rectal insertion were observed around the victim and many pornographic videos were also identified. Family accounts and medical records indicated that he masturbated often by inserting plastic tubes and wires into the urethra and rectum. Moreover, the victim had a history of surgeries to remove foreign objects from the urethra and rectum as well as a history of psychiatric treatment. The autopsy results revealed no specific findings indicative of the cause of death. In conclusion, the investigators determined the cause of death as an atypical autoerotic death based on the death scene investigation, autoerotic sexual behavior, personal history, and autopsy results.